See fogar in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "foc",
"3": "-ar"
},
"expansion": "foc + -ar",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From foc + -ar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fogars",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "fogar m (plural fogars)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hearth, fireplace"
],
"id": "en-fogar-ca-noun-dqDXvvur",
"links": [
[
"hearth",
"hearth"
],
[
"fireplace",
"fireplace"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "llar"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 65 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan terms suffixed with -ar",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"firebox, furnace"
],
"id": "en-fogar-ca-noun-xRRuqObI",
"links": [
[
"firebox",
"firebox"
],
[
"furnace",
"furnace"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fogó"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hotbed, centre"
],
"id": "en-fogar-ca-noun-g~SgbQlJ",
"links": [
[
"hotbed",
"hotbed"
],
[
"centre",
"centre"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) hotbed, centre"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[fuˈɣa]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[foˈɣa]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[foˈɣaɾ]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "fogar"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "fogar",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "root stress:",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ɔ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "fogo",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foguí",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fogat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ca-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "g-gu alternation",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "fogar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "fogant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "fogat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fogada",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fogats",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fogades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fogo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fogues",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foga",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foguem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fogueu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foguen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogava",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fogaves",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fogava",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogàvem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fogàveu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogaven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogaré",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fogaràs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fogarà",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogarem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fogareu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogaran",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foguí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fogares",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fogà",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogàrem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "fogàreu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogaren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogaria",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fogaries",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fogaria",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogaríem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fogaríeu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogarien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogui",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foguis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fogui",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foguem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fogueu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foguin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogués",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foguessis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fogués",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foguéssim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foguéssiu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foguessin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foga",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogui",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foguem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fogueu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foguin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically"
]
},
{
"form": "no foguis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no fogui",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no foguem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no fogueu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no foguin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"root": "ò"
},
"expansion": "fogar (first-person singular present fogo, first-person singular preterite foguí, past participle fogat); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /ɔ/",
"name": "ca-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ca-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to set of fire",
"word": "afogar"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 25 12 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 26 18 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan verbs with g-gu alternation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of afogar (“to set of fire”)"
],
"id": "en-fogar-ca-verb-Gbnhl1x~",
"links": [
[
"afogar",
"afogar#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central",
"Valencia",
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[fuˈɣa]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[foˈɣa]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[foˈɣaɾ]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "fogar"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan first conjugation verbs",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan masculine nouns",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms suffixed with -ar",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Catalan verbs",
"Catalan verbs with g-gu alternation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "foc",
"3": "-ar"
},
"expansion": "foc + -ar",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From foc + -ar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fogars",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "fogar m (plural fogars)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hearth, fireplace"
],
"links": [
[
"hearth",
"hearth"
],
[
"fireplace",
"fireplace"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "llar"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"firebox, furnace"
],
"links": [
[
"firebox",
"firebox"
],
[
"furnace",
"furnace"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fogó"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hotbed, centre"
],
"links": [
[
"hotbed",
"hotbed"
],
[
"centre",
"centre"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) hotbed, centre"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[fuˈɣa]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[foˈɣa]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[foˈɣaɾ]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "fogar"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan first conjugation verbs",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Catalan verbs",
"Catalan verbs with g-gu alternation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "fogar",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "root stress:",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ɔ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "fogo",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foguí",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fogat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ca-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "g-gu alternation",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "fogar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "fogant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "fogat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fogada",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fogats",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fogades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fogo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fogues",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foga",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foguem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fogueu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foguen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogava",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fogaves",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fogava",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogàvem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fogàveu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogaven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogaré",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fogaràs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fogarà",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogarem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fogareu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogaran",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foguí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fogares",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fogà",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogàrem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "fogàreu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogaren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogaria",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fogaries",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fogaria",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogaríem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fogaríeu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogarien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogui",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foguis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fogui",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foguem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fogueu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foguin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogués",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foguessis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fogués",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foguéssim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foguéssiu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foguessin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foga",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fogui",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foguem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fogueu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foguin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically"
]
},
{
"form": "no foguis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no fogui",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no foguem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no fogueu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no foguin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"root": "ò"
},
"expansion": "fogar (first-person singular present fogo, first-person singular preterite foguí, past participle fogat); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /ɔ/",
"name": "ca-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ca-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to set of fire",
"word": "afogar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of afogar (“to set of fire”)"
],
"links": [
[
"afogar",
"afogar#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central",
"Valencia",
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[fuˈɣa]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[foˈɣa]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[foˈɣaɾ]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "fogar"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fogar meaning in Catalan (9.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'root stress:' in 'fogar (first-person singular present fogo, first-person singular preterite foguí, past participle fogat); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /ɔ/'",
"path": [
"fogar"
],
"section": "Catalan",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "fogar",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Catalan dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.