"-ом" meaning in Bulgarian

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-omja",
      "word": "-омя"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-omen",
      "word": "-омен"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-omost",
      "word": "-омост"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-omstvo",
      "word": "-омство"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "владоми",
        "3": "",
        "4": "subjects, subordinates",
        "g": "p"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian владоми pl (vladomi, “subjects, subordinates”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dated"
      },
      "expansion": "(dated)",
      "name": "q"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Reflects the principal Proto-Slavic present passive ending *-omъ. Mostly unproductive in the colloquial speech, but reintroduced in the Standard language under the influence of Russian loanwords and the efforts of various \"purist\" movements (during the 18-20th century) for restoring grammatical features of Old Church Slavonic in Modern Bulgarian.\nIn rare occasions, the former participle may be fossilized as a noun, like in the case of Bulgarian владоми pl (vladomi, “subjects, subordinates”) (dated).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-om",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ом • (-om)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Bulgarian",
  "lang_code": "bg",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-aem",
      "word": "-аем"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-vaem",
      "word": "-ваем"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-uem",
      "word": "-уем"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-im",
      "word": "-им"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-jaem",
      "word": "-яем"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 7 16 17 16 12 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 5 17 17 17 11 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 3 18 18 18 10 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "вям (vjam, “to be familiar with”) → ведом (vedom, “aware”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "ям (jam, “to eat”) → ядом (jadom, “edible”) (obsolete)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Deverbal from athematic verbs, forms adjectives expressing capacity or proclevity."
      ],
      "id": "en--ом-bg-suffix-yQn4Oi7t",
      "qualifier": "unproductive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(unproductive) Deverbal from athematic verbs, forms adjectives expressing capacity or proclevity."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "алча (alča, “to hunger for”) → лаком (lakom, “greedy”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "Proto-Slavic *pisti (“to feed”) → *пита (*pita) → питом (pitom, “tamed, domesticated”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "тека (teka, “to flow”) → теком (tekom, “flowable”) (obsolete)"
        },
        {
          "text": "жежа (žeža, “to heat, to ignite”) → всежегом (vsežegom, “sacrificial”) (obsolete)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Deverbal from root-stem verbs, forms adjectives expressing capacity and intrinsic property."
      ],
      "id": "en--ом-bg-suffix-8wSG011N",
      "qualifier": "unproductive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(unproductive) Deverbal from root-stem verbs, forms adjectives expressing capacity and intrinsic property."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ом"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "alt": "from present perfective participles, with dialectal decomposition of expected -щ- > -шк-",
      "roman": "-eškom",
      "word": "-ешком"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-omь"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-omь",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ъmь"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ъmь",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "сбогом",
        "3": "",
        "4": "goodbye"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian сбогом (sbogom, “goodbye”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *-omь or Proto-Slavic *-ъmь, instrumental endings of o-stem and u-stem nouns. In the modern language, derivatives constructed with this suffix are interpreted as adverbs rather than an instrumental case of the base-noun. Sometimes, adverbs from former instrumental cases further get grammatisized into interjections, as in the case of Bulgarian сбогом (sbogom, “goodbye”) (originally meaning with God).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-om",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ом • (-om)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Bulgarian",
  "lang_code": "bg",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "from yo-stem and i-stem nouns",
      "word": "-ем"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "-oju",
      "word": "-ою"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "from a-stem nouns",
      "roman": "-am",
      "word": "-ам"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 7 16 17 16 12 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 5 17 17 17 11 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 3 18 18 18 10 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "ред (red, “order”) → редом (redom, “along”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "ход (hod, “walk”) → ходом (hodom, “by foot”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "бяг (bjag, “run”) → бегом (begom, “by running”), набегом (nabegom, “energetically”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "куп (kup, “bunch, pile”) → купом (kupom, “in block”), вкупом (vkupom, “together, as one”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "род (rod, “kin”) → родом (rodom, “by origin, by birth”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "кръг (krǎg, “circle”) → кръгом (krǎgom, “around, in the other direction”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Denominal, forms adverbs depicting manner or way from masculine o-stem nouns."
      ],
      "id": "en--ом-bg-suffix-2DoE2zfl",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 7 16 17 16 12 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 5 17 17 17 11 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 3 18 18 18 10 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "средство (sredstvo, “mean, tool”) → посредством (posredstvom, “by means of”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "писмо (pismo, “letter, writing”) → писмом (pismom, “in written form”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "слово (slovo, “word, speech”) → словом (slovom, “in verbal form”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "ребро (rebro, “rib”) → ребром (rebrom, “straightly”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Denominal, forms adverbs depicting manner or way from neuter o-stem nouns."
      ],
      "id": "en--ом-bg-suffix-HGhH06~U",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 7 16 17 16 12 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 5 17 17 17 11 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 3 18 18 18 10 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "чин (čin, “rank”) → чином (činom, “by rank”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "мир (mir, “peace”) → миром (mirom, “in peace”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Denominal, forms adverbs depicting manner or way from masculine u-stem nouns."
      ],
      "id": "en--ом-bg-suffix-Ml8F16es",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "(-oju), -ам (-am) (generalized from the o-stem formation)",
          "word": "-ою"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 7 16 17 16 12 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 5 17 17 17 11 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 3 18 18 18 10 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "група (grupa, “group”) → групом (grupom, “in group”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "сила (sila, “strength, force”) → силом (silom, “by force”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of -ою (-oju), -ам (-am) (generalized from the o-stem formation)"
      ],
      "id": "en--ом-bg-suffix-mdHtGpSg",
      "links": [
        [
          "-ою",
          "-ою#Bulgarian"
        ],
        [
          "-ам",
          "-ам#Bulgarian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 7 16 17 16 12 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 5 17 17 17 11 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 3 18 18 18 10 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "цял (cjal, “whole, complete”) → цялом (cjalom, “overall”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "скриш (skriš, “secretive”) → скришом (skrišom, “secretly”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "прав (prav, “right, correct”) → правом (pravom, “rightly, correctly”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "вървящ (vǎrvjašt, “walking”) → вървешком (vǎrveškom, “by walking”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Deadjectival, forms adverbs depicting manner or way."
      ],
      "id": "en--ом-bg-suffix-gjJBiyp3",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ом"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Bulgarian lemmas",
    "Bulgarian suffixes",
    "Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "-omja",
      "word": "-омя"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-omen",
      "word": "-омен"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-omost",
      "word": "-омост"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-omstvo",
      "word": "-омство"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "владоми",
        "3": "",
        "4": "subjects, subordinates",
        "g": "p"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian владоми pl (vladomi, “subjects, subordinates”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dated"
      },
      "expansion": "(dated)",
      "name": "q"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Reflects the principal Proto-Slavic present passive ending *-omъ. Mostly unproductive in the colloquial speech, but reintroduced in the Standard language under the influence of Russian loanwords and the efforts of various \"purist\" movements (during the 18-20th century) for restoring grammatical features of Old Church Slavonic in Modern Bulgarian.\nIn rare occasions, the former participle may be fossilized as a noun, like in the case of Bulgarian владоми pl (vladomi, “subjects, subordinates”) (dated).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-om",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ом • (-om)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Bulgarian",
  "lang_code": "bg",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "-aem",
      "word": "-аем"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-vaem",
      "word": "-ваем"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-uem",
      "word": "-уем"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-im",
      "word": "-им"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-jaem",
      "word": "-яем"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "вям (vjam, “to be familiar with”) → ведом (vedom, “aware”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "ям (jam, “to eat”) → ядом (jadom, “edible”) (obsolete)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Deverbal from athematic verbs, forms adjectives expressing capacity or proclevity."
      ],
      "qualifier": "unproductive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(unproductive) Deverbal from athematic verbs, forms adjectives expressing capacity or proclevity."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "алча (alča, “to hunger for”) → лаком (lakom, “greedy”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "Proto-Slavic *pisti (“to feed”) → *пита (*pita) → питом (pitom, “tamed, domesticated”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "тека (teka, “to flow”) → теком (tekom, “flowable”) (obsolete)"
        },
        {
          "text": "жежа (žeža, “to heat, to ignite”) → всежегом (vsežegom, “sacrificial”) (obsolete)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Deverbal from root-stem verbs, forms adjectives expressing capacity and intrinsic property."
      ],
      "qualifier": "unproductive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(unproductive) Deverbal from root-stem verbs, forms adjectives expressing capacity and intrinsic property."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ом"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Bulgarian lemmas",
    "Bulgarian suffixes",
    "Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "alt": "from present perfective participles, with dialectal decomposition of expected -щ- > -шк-",
      "roman": "-eškom",
      "word": "-ешком"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-omь"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-omь",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ъmь"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ъmь",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "сбогом",
        "3": "",
        "4": "goodbye"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian сбогом (sbogom, “goodbye”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *-omь or Proto-Slavic *-ъmь, instrumental endings of o-stem and u-stem nouns. In the modern language, derivatives constructed with this suffix are interpreted as adverbs rather than an instrumental case of the base-noun. Sometimes, adverbs from former instrumental cases further get grammatisized into interjections, as in the case of Bulgarian сбогом (sbogom, “goodbye”) (originally meaning with God).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-om",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ом • (-om)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Bulgarian",
  "lang_code": "bg",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "from yo-stem and i-stem nouns",
      "word": "-ем"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-oju",
      "word": "-ою"
    },
    {
      "english": "from a-stem nouns",
      "roman": "-am",
      "word": "-ам"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "ред (red, “order”) → редом (redom, “along”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "ход (hod, “walk”) → ходом (hodom, “by foot”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "бяг (bjag, “run”) → бегом (begom, “by running”), набегом (nabegom, “energetically”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "куп (kup, “bunch, pile”) → купом (kupom, “in block”), вкупом (vkupom, “together, as one”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "род (rod, “kin”) → родом (rodom, “by origin, by birth”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "кръг (krǎg, “circle”) → кръгом (krǎgom, “around, in the other direction”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Denominal, forms adverbs depicting manner or way from masculine o-stem nouns."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "средство (sredstvo, “mean, tool”) → посредством (posredstvom, “by means of”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "писмо (pismo, “letter, writing”) → писмом (pismom, “in written form”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "слово (slovo, “word, speech”) → словом (slovom, “in verbal form”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "ребро (rebro, “rib”) → ребром (rebrom, “straightly”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Denominal, forms adverbs depicting manner or way from neuter o-stem nouns."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "чин (čin, “rank”) → чином (činom, “by rank”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "мир (mir, “peace”) → миром (mirom, “in peace”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Denominal, forms adverbs depicting manner or way from masculine u-stem nouns."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "(-oju), -ам (-am) (generalized from the o-stem formation)",
          "word": "-ою"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "група (grupa, “group”) → групом (grupom, “in group”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "сила (sila, “strength, force”) → силом (silom, “by force”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of -ою (-oju), -ам (-am) (generalized from the o-stem formation)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ою",
          "-ою#Bulgarian"
        ],
        [
          "-ам",
          "-ам#Bulgarian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "цял (cjal, “whole, complete”) → цялом (cjalom, “overall”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "скриш (skriš, “secretive”) → скришом (skrišom, “secretly”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "прав (prav, “right, correct”) → правом (pravom, “rightly, correctly”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "вървящ (vǎrvjašt, “walking”) → вървешком (vǎrveškom, “by walking”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Deadjectival, forms adverbs depicting manner or way."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ом"
}