See xovati on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for xovati meaning in All languages combined (12.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vyxovati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "to raise, to upbring",
"word": "perxovati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sъxovati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "to take under care",
"word": "zaxovati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "xovateľь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "xovačь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"agent",
"noun"
],
"word": "xovanьcь"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "ховати"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: ховати (xovati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: ховати (xovati)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "хова́ць",
"3": "хава́ць"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: хова́ць (xovácʹ), хава́ць (xavácʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: хова́ць (xovácʹ), хава́ць (xavácʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "хова́ть",
"3": "хува́ть"
},
"expansion": "Russian: хова́ть (xovátʹ), хува́ть (xuvátʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: хова́ть (xovátʹ), хува́ть (xuvátʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ouk",
"2": "ховати"
},
"expansion": "Old Ukrainian: ховати (xovati)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "ховать"
},
"expansion": "ховать (xovatĭ)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Old Ukrainian: ховати (xovati), ховать (xovatĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "хова́ти"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: хова́ти (xováty)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: хова́ти (xováty)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "hovati"
},
"expansion": "hovati",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Old Croatian: hovati"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "chovati"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: chovati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: chovati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "chovat"
},
"expansion": "Czech: chovat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: chovat"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "chować"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: chować",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: chować"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "chować"
},
"expansion": "Polish: chować",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: chować"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "chować"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: chować",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: chować"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "chòwac"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: chòwac",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: chòwac"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "chovať",
"3": "chovať sa"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: chovať, chovať sa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: chovať, chovať sa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "khować"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: khować",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: khować"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "chowaś"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: chowaś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: chowaś"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*skovati"
},
"expansion": "*skovati",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to heed, to perceive"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁- (“to heed, to perceive”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čuvati",
"3": "",
"4": "to hear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čuvati (“to hear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "чува",
"3": "",
"4": "to preserve"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian чува (čuva, “to preserve”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "чу́вам",
"3": "",
"4": "to overwatch, to tend"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian чу́вам (čúvam, “to overwatch, to tend”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skawwōną",
"3": "",
"4": "to look"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skawwōną (“to look”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θυοσκόος",
"3": "θυο-σκόος",
"4": "priest",
"lit": "watching the victim"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek θυο-σκόος (thuo-skóos, “priest”, literally “watching the victim”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κοέω",
"3": "",
"4": "to notice, note, remark"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κοέω (koéō, “to notice, note, remark”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cavēre",
"3": "",
"4": "to guard, abide by, (be)ware, watch out"
},
"expansion": "Latin cavēre (“to guard, abide by, (be)ware, watch out”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कवि",
"3": "",
"4": "overseer, shepherd"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कवि (kavi, “overseer, shepherd”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From an earlier *skovati, (per Berneker, Brückner) most likely from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁- (“to heed, to perceive”) via semantic shift to observe → to overwatch, guard → to take care. Similar devolopment as in Proto-Slavic *čuvati (“to hear”) > Macedonian чува (čuva, “to preserve”), dial. Bulgarian чу́вам (čúvam, “to overwatch, to tend”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *skawwōną (“to look”) and related to Ancient Greek θυο-σκόος (thuo-skóos, “priest”, literally “watching the victim”). Without initial s-: Ancient Greek κοέω (koéō, “to notice, note, remark”), Latin cavēre (“to guard, abide by, (be)ware, watch out”), Sanskrit कवि (kavi, “overseer, shepherd”).\nAlternatively, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”) with semantic development to cover → to hide, to shield → to take care of.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xovovati",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "xovanьje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "xovati",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "xovatъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "xovalъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "xovanъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "xovavъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xova",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xova",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaješi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajetь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovasta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajevě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovašę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajǫtь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaašeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajivě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaaxǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajimъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xovati",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "to sense, feel, notice",
"word": "čuti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "to examine",
"word": "skumati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "to take a look",
"word": "sъkyvati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "hut, shelter",
"word": "xyzъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "lodge",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "xyža"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to take care, to heed, to tend → to raise, to upbring"
],
"id": "en-xovati-sla-pro-verb-cVrt1iqD",
"links": [
[
"take care",
"take care"
],
[
"heed",
"heed"
],
[
"tend",
"tend"
],
[
"raise",
"raise"
],
[
"upbring",
"upbring"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*berťì"
},
{
"word": "*kutiti"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 74 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 52 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hide, to shield (in order to protect)"
],
"id": "en-xovati-sla-pro-verb-o9fuE3Ic",
"links": [
[
"hide",
"hide"
],
[
"shield",
"shield"
],
[
"protect",
"protect"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*sъkryvati"
},
{
"word": "*prętati"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to feed (secondary)"
],
"id": "en-xovati-sla-pro-verb-GKqNR~z-",
"links": [
[
"feed",
"feed"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"(+ *sę) to care for oneself"
],
"id": "en-xovati-sla-pro-verb-up68yU1y",
"links": [
[
"*sę",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sę"
],
[
"care",
"care"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive) (+ *sę) to care for oneself"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"word": "xovati"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic verbs",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/n"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "vyxovati"
},
{
"english": "to raise, to upbring",
"word": "perxovati"
},
{
"word": "sъxovati"
},
{
"english": "to take under care",
"word": "zaxovati"
},
{
"word": "xovateľь"
},
{
"word": "xovačь"
},
{
"tags": [
"agent",
"noun"
],
"word": "xovanьcь"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "ховати"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: ховати (xovati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: ховати (xovati)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "хова́ць",
"3": "хава́ць"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: хова́ць (xovácʹ), хава́ць (xavácʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: хова́ць (xovácʹ), хава́ць (xavácʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "хова́ть",
"3": "хува́ть"
},
"expansion": "Russian: хова́ть (xovátʹ), хува́ть (xuvátʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: хова́ть (xovátʹ), хува́ть (xuvátʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ouk",
"2": "ховати"
},
"expansion": "Old Ukrainian: ховати (xovati)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "ховать"
},
"expansion": "ховать (xovatĭ)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Old Ukrainian: ховати (xovati), ховать (xovatĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "хова́ти"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: хова́ти (xováty)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: хова́ти (xováty)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "hovati"
},
"expansion": "hovati",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Old Croatian: hovati"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "chovati"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: chovati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: chovati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "chovat"
},
"expansion": "Czech: chovat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: chovat"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "chować"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: chować",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: chować"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "chować"
},
"expansion": "Polish: chować",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: chować"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "chować"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: chować",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: chować"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "chòwac"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: chòwac",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: chòwac"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "chovať",
"3": "chovať sa"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: chovať, chovať sa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: chovať, chovať sa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "khować"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: khować",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: khować"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "chowaś"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: chowaś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: chowaś"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*skovati"
},
"expansion": "*skovati",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to heed, to perceive"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁- (“to heed, to perceive”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čuvati",
"3": "",
"4": "to hear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čuvati (“to hear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "чува",
"3": "",
"4": "to preserve"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian чува (čuva, “to preserve”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "чу́вам",
"3": "",
"4": "to overwatch, to tend"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian чу́вам (čúvam, “to overwatch, to tend”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skawwōną",
"3": "",
"4": "to look"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skawwōną (“to look”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θυοσκόος",
"3": "θυο-σκόος",
"4": "priest",
"lit": "watching the victim"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek θυο-σκόος (thuo-skóos, “priest”, literally “watching the victim”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κοέω",
"3": "",
"4": "to notice, note, remark"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κοέω (koéō, “to notice, note, remark”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cavēre",
"3": "",
"4": "to guard, abide by, (be)ware, watch out"
},
"expansion": "Latin cavēre (“to guard, abide by, (be)ware, watch out”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कवि",
"3": "",
"4": "overseer, shepherd"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कवि (kavi, “overseer, shepherd”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From an earlier *skovati, (per Berneker, Brückner) most likely from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁- (“to heed, to perceive”) via semantic shift to observe → to overwatch, guard → to take care. Similar devolopment as in Proto-Slavic *čuvati (“to hear”) > Macedonian чува (čuva, “to preserve”), dial. Bulgarian чу́вам (čúvam, “to overwatch, to tend”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *skawwōną (“to look”) and related to Ancient Greek θυο-σκόος (thuo-skóos, “priest”, literally “watching the victim”). Without initial s-: Ancient Greek κοέω (koéō, “to notice, note, remark”), Latin cavēre (“to guard, abide by, (be)ware, watch out”), Sanskrit कवि (kavi, “overseer, shepherd”).\nAlternatively, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”) with semantic development to cover → to hide, to shield → to take care of.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xovovati",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "xovanьje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "xovati",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "xovatъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "xovalъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "xovanъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "xovavъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xova",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xova",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaješi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajetь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovasta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajevě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovašę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajǫtь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaašeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajivě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovaaxǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajimъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xovajite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xovati",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "to sense, feel, notice",
"word": "čuti"
},
{
"english": "to examine",
"word": "skumati"
},
{
"english": "to take a look",
"word": "sъkyvati"
},
{
"english": "hut, shelter",
"word": "xyzъ"
},
{
"english": "lodge",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "xyža"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to take care, to heed, to tend → to raise, to upbring"
],
"links": [
[
"take care",
"take care"
],
[
"heed",
"heed"
],
[
"tend",
"tend"
],
[
"raise",
"raise"
],
[
"upbring",
"upbring"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*berťì"
},
{
"word": "*kutiti"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to hide, to shield (in order to protect)"
],
"links": [
[
"hide",
"hide"
],
[
"shield",
"shield"
],
[
"protect",
"protect"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*sъkryvati"
},
{
"word": "*prętati"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to feed (secondary)"
],
"links": [
[
"feed",
"feed"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"(+ *sę) to care for oneself"
],
"links": [
[
"*sę",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sę"
],
[
"care",
"care"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive) (+ *sę) to care for oneself"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"word": "xovati"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.