See whiten on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "prewhiten"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "whitenen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English whitenen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "hvítna",
"4": "",
"5": "to whiten"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hvítna (“to whiten”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hwītnōną",
"4": "",
"5": "to whiten, become white"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwītnōną (“to whiten, become white”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kwind-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kwind-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "white",
"3": "en",
"id2": "inchoative"
},
"expansion": "white + -en",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hvítna",
"3": "",
"4": "to whiten"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hvítna (“to whiten”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "vitna"
},
"expansion": "Swedish vitna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hvidne",
"3": "",
"4": "to whiten"
},
"expansion": "Danish hvidne (“to whiten”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hwītian",
"3": "",
"4": "to whiten, become white, be white, make white"
},
"expansion": "Old English hwītian (“to whiten, become white, be white, make white”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English whitenen, whitnen, from Old Norse hvítna (“to whiten”), from Proto-Germanic *hwītnōną (“to whiten, become white”), from Proto-Indo-European *kwind-, *kwint- (“bright”), equivalent to white + -en. Cognate with Icelandic hvítna (“to whiten”), Swedish vitna, hvitna (“to whiten”), Danish hvidne (“to whiten”). Compare Old English hwītian (“to whiten, become white, be white, make white”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "whitens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "whitening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "whitened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "whitened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "whiten (third-person singular simple present whitens, present participle whitening, simple past and past participle whitened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Age had whitened his hair.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The trees in spring whiten with blossoms.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2024 February 12, very tall bart, 1:34 from the start, in [YTP] Dennis Prager is crazy (YouTube poop; video), spoken by Penis Prager (Dennis Prager):",
"text": "Whenever black people are furious with me, I walk over to them and whiten their face, and scream and scream and scream 'daddy’s the boss.'",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(To cause) to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch."
],
"id": "en-whiten-en-verb-yqmszzP~",
"links": [
[
"white",
"white"
],
[
"whiter",
"whiter"
],
[
"bleach",
"bleach"
],
[
"blanch",
"blanch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ergative) (To cause) to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch."
],
"tags": [
"ergative"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bayyaḍa",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "بَيَّضَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "alghescu"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "aii",
"lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
"roman": "maḥwir",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "ܡܲܚܘܸܪ"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izbelvam",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "избелвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "blanquejar"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "blankigi"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "vaalentaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fi",
"english": "make completely white",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "valkaista"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "blanchir"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "branquear"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "albear"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "weißen"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "gaƕeitjan",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "𐌲𐌰𐍈𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "lefkaíno",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "λευκαίνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "asprízo",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "ασπρίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "leukaínō",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "λευκαίνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hilbín",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "הִלְבִּין"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "fehérít"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "blankigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "putihkan"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "imbiancare"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "sbiancare"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shirokusuru",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "白くする"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shiromeru",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "白める"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hayake hada",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "하얗게 하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "albicō"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "albō"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "putihkan"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "whakamā"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "whakapūaho"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "bielić"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "branquear"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "embranquecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "albi"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "belítʹ",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "бели́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pobelítʹ",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "побели́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bleach",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отбе́ливать"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otbelítʹ",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "отбели́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "sat",
"lang": "Santali",
"roman": "ponḍ",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "ᱯᱳᱱᱰ"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "blanquear"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "göra vit"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "göra vitare"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "bleka"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "ağartmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "aklamak"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "beyazlatmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "beyazlaştırmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "beyazlatmak",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "بیاضلاتمق"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "gwynnu"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ain",
"lang": "Ainu",
"roman": "retar",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "レタㇻ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ibyaḍḍa",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "اِبْيَضَّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "aii",
"lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
"roman": "ḥāwēr",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "ܚܵܘܹܪ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pobeljavam",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "побелявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "blanquejar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "blankiĝi"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "vaaleta"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "vaalentua"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "blanchir"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "weiß werden"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "lefkaíno",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "λευκαίνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "asprízo",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "ασπρίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "blankeskar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "memutih"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "aol"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "bánaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "imbiancarsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "sbiancarsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shiramu",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "白む"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shirobamu",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "白ばむ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shirokunaru",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "白くなる"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hayaejida",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "하얘지다"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "huieojida",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "희어지다"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "memutih"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "bieleć"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zbieleć"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "bielić się"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "embranquecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "albi"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "belétʹ",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "беле́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pobelétʹ",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "побеле́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sat",
"lang": "Santali",
"roman": "ponḍ",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "ᱯᱳᱱᱰ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "blanquear"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "vitna"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "tellabaḍu",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "తెల్లబడు"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "ağarmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "aklanmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "beyazlamak"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "beyazlaşmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bilýty",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "біли́ти"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Cryptography",
"orig": "en:Cryptography",
"parents": [
"Computer science",
"Formal sciences",
"Mathematics",
"Computing",
"Sciences",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ainu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Aromanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Santali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To increase the security of an iterated block cipher by steps that combine the data with portions of the key."
],
"id": "en-whiten-en-verb-vOmu3FgC",
"links": [
[
"cryptography",
"cryptography"
],
[
"block cipher",
"block cipher"
],
[
"data",
"data"
],
[
"key",
"key"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cryptography) To increase the security of an iterated block cipher by steps that combine the data with portions of the key."
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"cryptography",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈ(h)waɪ̯.tən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈ(h)waɪ̯tn̩]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈ(h)waɪ̯ʔn̩]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-whiten.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-whiten.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-whiten.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-whiten.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-whiten.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪtən"
}
],
"word": "whiten"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aɪtən",
"Rhymes:English/aɪtən/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ainu translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Aromanian translations",
"Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Santali translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "prewhiten"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "whitenen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English whitenen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "hvítna",
"4": "",
"5": "to whiten"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hvítna (“to whiten”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hwītnōną",
"4": "",
"5": "to whiten, become white"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwītnōną (“to whiten, become white”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kwind-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kwind-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "white",
"3": "en",
"id2": "inchoative"
},
"expansion": "white + -en",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hvítna",
"3": "",
"4": "to whiten"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hvítna (“to whiten”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "vitna"
},
"expansion": "Swedish vitna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hvidne",
"3": "",
"4": "to whiten"
},
"expansion": "Danish hvidne (“to whiten”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hwītian",
"3": "",
"4": "to whiten, become white, be white, make white"
},
"expansion": "Old English hwītian (“to whiten, become white, be white, make white”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English whitenen, whitnen, from Old Norse hvítna (“to whiten”), from Proto-Germanic *hwītnōną (“to whiten, become white”), from Proto-Indo-European *kwind-, *kwint- (“bright”), equivalent to white + -en. Cognate with Icelandic hvítna (“to whiten”), Swedish vitna, hvitna (“to whiten”), Danish hvidne (“to whiten”). Compare Old English hwītian (“to whiten, become white, be white, make white”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "whitens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "whitening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "whitened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "whitened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "whiten (third-person singular simple present whitens, present participle whitening, simple past and past participle whitened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English ergative verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Age had whitened his hair.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The trees in spring whiten with blossoms.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2024 February 12, very tall bart, 1:34 from the start, in [YTP] Dennis Prager is crazy (YouTube poop; video), spoken by Penis Prager (Dennis Prager):",
"text": "Whenever black people are furious with me, I walk over to them and whiten their face, and scream and scream and scream 'daddy’s the boss.'",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(To cause) to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch."
],
"links": [
[
"white",
"white"
],
[
"whiter",
"whiter"
],
[
"bleach",
"bleach"
],
[
"blanch",
"blanch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ergative) (To cause) to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch."
],
"tags": [
"ergative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Cryptography"
],
"glosses": [
"To increase the security of an iterated block cipher by steps that combine the data with portions of the key."
],
"links": [
[
"cryptography",
"cryptography"
],
[
"block cipher",
"block cipher"
],
[
"data",
"data"
],
[
"key",
"key"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cryptography) To increase the security of an iterated block cipher by steps that combine the data with portions of the key."
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"cryptography",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈ(h)waɪ̯.tən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈ(h)waɪ̯tn̩]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈ(h)waɪ̯ʔn̩]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-whiten.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-whiten.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-whiten.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-whiten.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-whiten.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪtən"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bayyaḍa",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "بَيَّضَ"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "alghescu"
},
{
"code": "aii",
"lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
"roman": "maḥwir",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "ܡܲܚܘܸܪ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izbelvam",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "избелвам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "blanquejar"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "blankigi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "vaalentaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "make completely white",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "valkaista"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "blanchir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "branquear"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "albear"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "weißen"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "gaƕeitjan",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "𐌲𐌰𐍈𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "lefkaíno",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "λευκαίνω"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "asprízo",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "ασπρίζω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "leukaínō",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "λευκαίνω"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hilbín",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "הִלְבִּין"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "fehérít"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "blankigar"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "putihkan"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "imbiancare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "sbiancare"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shirokusuru",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "白くする"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shiromeru",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "白める"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hayake hada",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "하얗게 하다"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "albicō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "albō"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "putihkan"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "whakamā"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "whakapūaho"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "bielić"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "branquear"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "embranquecer"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "albi"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "belítʹ",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "бели́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pobelítʹ",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "побели́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bleach",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отбе́ливать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otbelítʹ",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "отбели́ть"
},
{
"code": "sat",
"lang": "Santali",
"roman": "ponḍ",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "ᱯᱳᱱᱰ"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "blanquear"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "göra vit"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "göra vitare"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "bleka"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "ağartmak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "aklamak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "beyazlatmak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "beyazlaştırmak"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "beyazlatmak",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "بیاضلاتمق"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to make white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "gwynnu"
},
{
"code": "ain",
"lang": "Ainu",
"roman": "retar",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "レタㇻ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ibyaḍḍa",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "اِبْيَضَّ"
},
{
"code": "aii",
"lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
"roman": "ḥāwēr",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "ܚܵܘܹܪ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pobeljavam",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "побелявам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "blanquejar"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "blankiĝi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "vaaleta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "vaalentua"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "blanchir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "weiß werden"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "lefkaíno",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "λευκαίνω"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "asprízo",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "ασπρίζω"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "blankeskar"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "memutih"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "aol"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "bánaigh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "imbiancarsi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "sbiancarsi"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shiramu",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "白む"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shirobamu",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "白ばむ"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shirokunaru",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "白くなる"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hayaejida",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "하얘지다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "huieojida",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "희어지다"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "memutih"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "bieleć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zbieleć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "bielić się"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "embranquecer"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "albi"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "belétʹ",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "беле́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pobelétʹ",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "побеле́ть"
},
{
"code": "sat",
"lang": "Santali",
"roman": "ponḍ",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "ᱯᱳᱱᱰ"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "blanquear"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "vitna"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "tellabaḍu",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "తెల్లబడు"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "ağarmak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "aklanmak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "beyazlamak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"word": "beyazlaşmak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bilýty",
"sense": "to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "біли́ти"
}
],
"word": "whiten"
}
Download raw JSONL data for whiten meaning in All languages combined (17.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": otbélivatʹ vs. bleach",
"path": [
"whiten"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "whiten",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.