See war crime on Wiktionary
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"kind": "topical",
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"name": "Crime",
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1906, L[assa Francis Lawrence] Oppenheim, “Means of Securing Legitimate Warfare”, in International Law: A Treatise, volumes II (War and Neutrality), London, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC, part II (War), section IV (Punishment of War Crimes), § 251, pages 263–264:",
"text": "[W]ar crimes are such hostile or other acts of soldiers or other individuals as may be punished by the enemy on capture of the offenders. […] [A]lthough among the acts called war crimes are many which, such as abuse of a flag of truce or assassination of enemy soldiers for instance, are crimes in the moral sense of the term, there are others which, such as taking part in a levy en masse on territory occupied by the enemy for instance, may be highly praiseworthy patriotic acts. Because every belligerent can and actually must in the interest of his own safety punish these acts, they are termed war crimes, whatever may be the motive, the purpose, and the moral character of the respective act.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1914, J[ames] E[dward] Edmonds, L[assa Francis Lawrence] Oppenheim, “The Laws and Usages of War on Land”, in Hugh Godley, editor, Manual of Military Law, 6th edition, London: War Office; His Majesty’s Stationery Office, published 1917, →OCLC, page 302:",
"text": "[Paragraph] 441. The term \"War Crime\" is the technical expression for such an act of enemy soldiers and enemy civilians as may be visited by punishment or capture of the offenders. […] [Paragraph] 442. War crimes may be divided into four different classes:– (i) Violations of the recognized rules of warfare by members of the armed forces. (ii) Illegitimate hostilities in arms committed by individuals who are not members of the armed forces. (iii) Espionage and war treason. (iv) Marauding.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1942 October 7, John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon, “[Collective Notes Presented to the Governments of Great Britain, the U.S.S.R. and the U.S.A. and Relative Correspondence] Statement of the Lord Chancellor in the House of Lords”, in Punishment for War Crimes, New York, N.Y.: United Nations Information Office, published [1943], →OCLC, page 30:",
"text": "If, this time, there is going to be, after the victory of the United Nations, due punishment of these abominable war crimes, perpetrated in breach of the laws of war by enemy nations and for which enemy individuals must be held responsible, it would be a grave mistake to concern ourselves at this stage merely with the discussion of the most appropriate tribunals to deal with such charges, or with the minutiae of juridical analysis.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "No. 11-1257",
"ref": "2012 October 16, Brett Kavanaugh, Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, “Hamdan v. United States [No. 11-1257]”, in West’s Federal Reporter: Cases Argued and Determined in the United States Courts of Appeals (3d Series), volume 696, St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Co., →ISSN, →OCLC, paragraph 66, page 1251:",
"text": "To be sure, there is a strong argument that aiding and abetting a recognized international-law war crime such as terrorism is itself an international-law war crime. And there are other similar war crimes.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Mariam M. Kurtz, Mwamini Thambwe Diggs, “Wartime Rape: A Case Study of the Democratic Republic of Congo”, in Mariam M. Kurtz, Lester R. Kurtz, editors, Women, War, and Violence: Topography, Resistance, and Hope, volume 1, Santa Barbara, Calif., Denver, Colo.: Praeger Security International, ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, page 193:",
"text": "To deal with war crime such as rape a mobile court system was created in the DRC [Democratic Republic of the Congo].",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020 June 21, “Drachinifel” [pseudonym], “The Drydock” (6:33 from the start), in YouTube, episode 099, archived from the original on 2022-08-08:",
"text": "The two primary ones are that by the time anyone bothered to codify rules of war, lighthouses went on the list of \"do not attack\" pretty much immediately, and so it would be a rather pointless war crime to commit; the second reason is related to why they went on the list of \"do not attack\" targets very quickly, and that is that lighthouses are completely nondiscriminatory as to who they alert to what's going on in terms of danger and coastlines and hidden rocks and such[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 March 17, Aditya Chakrabortty, “Western values? They enthroned the monster who is shelling Ukrainians today”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-06-14:",
"text": "Condoleezza Rice pops up on Fox to be told by the anchor: \"When you invade a sovereign nation, that is a war crime.\" With a solemn nod, the former secretary of state to George Bush replies: \"It is certainly against every principle of international law and international order.\"",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"A punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war by any person or persons, military or civilian."
],
"id": "en-war_crime-en-noun-en:Q135010",
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[
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[
"offence",
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[
"violation",
"violation"
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"law of war"
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[
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"qualifier": "criminal law; international law; criminal law; international law",
"raw_glosses": [
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],
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"word": "war criminal"
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],
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{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "oorlogmisdaad"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jarīmat ḥarb",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "جَرِيمَةْ حَرْب"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ṙazmakan hancʻagorcutʻyun",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "ռազմական հանցագործություն"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crime de guerra"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "hərbi cinayət"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "gerra crimen"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vajénnaje zlačýnstva",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "вае́ннае злачы́нства"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "juddhaporadh",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "যুদ্ধাপরাধ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "voénno prestǎplénie",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "вое́нно престъпле́ние"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "cacraja.wathmu.",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "စစ်ရာဇဝတ်မှု"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crim de guerra"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "戰爭罪"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhànzhēngzuì",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "战争罪"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "válečný zločin"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "krigsforbrydelse"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "oorlogsmisdaad"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oorlogsmisdrijf"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "militkrimo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "sõjakuritegu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "sotarikos"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crime de guerre"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crime de guerra"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "samxedro današauli",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "სამხედრო დანაშაული"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saomari današauli",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "საომარი დანაშაული"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "omis današauli",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "ომის დანაშაული"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Kriegsverbrechen"
},
{
"code": "gsw",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"Alemannic-German"
],
"word": "Chriegsverbräche"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "égklima polémou",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "έγκλημα πολέμου"
},
{
"code": "ha",
"lang": "Hausa",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "laifin yaƙi"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "pésha' milkhamá",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פֶּשַׁע מִלְחָמָה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "yuddh aprādh",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "युद्ध अपराध"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "háborús bűn"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "háborús bűncselekmény"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stríðsglæpur"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "kejahatan perang"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "kejahatan perang"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "coir chogaidh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crimine di guerra"
},
{
"alt": "せんそうはんざい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sensō hanzai",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "戦争犯罪"
},
{
"alt": "戰爭犯罪",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jeonjaeng beomjoe",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "전쟁 범죄"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "tawanî cengî",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "تاوانی جەنگی"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "soguş kılmışı",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "согуш кылмышы"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "ʼā sa nyā kam song khām",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "ອາຊະຍາກຳສົງຄາມ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"New-Latin",
"neuter"
],
"word": "scelus bellicum"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kara noziegums"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "karo nusikaltimas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vóeno zlóstorstvo",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "во́ено зло́сторство"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "jenayah perang"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "yuddhakkuṟṟaṁ",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "യുദ്ധക്കുറ്റം"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krigsforbrytelse"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "krigsbrotsverk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "krigsbrottsverk"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crime de guèrra"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "jenâyat-e jangi",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "جنایت جنگی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zbrodnia wojenna"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crime de guerra"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crimă de război"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vojénnoje prestuplénije",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "вое́нное преступле́ние"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "ратни злочин"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ratni zločin"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vojnový zločin"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vojni zločin"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crimen de guerra"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "delito de guerra"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "uhalifu wa kivita"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "krigsförbrytelse"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "krigsbrott"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "jinoyat-i jangi",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "ҷинояти ҷангӣ"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "pōr kuṟṟam",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "போர் குற்றம்"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "àat-yaa-gam-sǒng-kraam",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "อาชญากรรมสงคราม"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"roman": "dmag 'khrug gi nag nyes",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "དམག་འཁྲུག་གི་ནག་ཉེས"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "savaş suçu"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vojénnyj zlóčyn",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "воє́нний зло́чин"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zločyn vijny",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "злочин війни"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "jangī jurm",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "جَنْگی جُرْم"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "harbiy jinoyatlar"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "tội ác chiến tranh"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "trosedd rhyfel"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "oarlochsmisdie"
}
],
"wikidata": [
"Q135010"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɔː kɹaɪm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɔɹ ˌkɹaɪm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-war crime.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-war_crime.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-war_crime.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-war_crime.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-war_crime.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "war crime"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "war",
"3": "crime",
"notext": "1",
"type": "exocentric"
},
"expansion": "war + crime",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From war + crime.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "war crimes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "war crime (plural war crimes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "war criminal"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English exocentric compounds",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English noun-noun compound nouns",
"English nouns",
"English terms with quotations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Alemannic German translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hausa translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tibetan translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with West Frisian translations",
"Ukrainian terms with redundant transliterations",
"Urdu terms with redundant transliterations",
"en:Crime",
"en:Criminal law",
"en:International law",
"en:War"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1906, L[assa Francis Lawrence] Oppenheim, “Means of Securing Legitimate Warfare”, in International Law: A Treatise, volumes II (War and Neutrality), London, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC, part II (War), section IV (Punishment of War Crimes), § 251, pages 263–264:",
"text": "[W]ar crimes are such hostile or other acts of soldiers or other individuals as may be punished by the enemy on capture of the offenders. […] [A]lthough among the acts called war crimes are many which, such as abuse of a flag of truce or assassination of enemy soldiers for instance, are crimes in the moral sense of the term, there are others which, such as taking part in a levy en masse on territory occupied by the enemy for instance, may be highly praiseworthy patriotic acts. Because every belligerent can and actually must in the interest of his own safety punish these acts, they are termed war crimes, whatever may be the motive, the purpose, and the moral character of the respective act.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1914, J[ames] E[dward] Edmonds, L[assa Francis Lawrence] Oppenheim, “The Laws and Usages of War on Land”, in Hugh Godley, editor, Manual of Military Law, 6th edition, London: War Office; His Majesty’s Stationery Office, published 1917, →OCLC, page 302:",
"text": "[Paragraph] 441. The term \"War Crime\" is the technical expression for such an act of enemy soldiers and enemy civilians as may be visited by punishment or capture of the offenders. […] [Paragraph] 442. War crimes may be divided into four different classes:– (i) Violations of the recognized rules of warfare by members of the armed forces. (ii) Illegitimate hostilities in arms committed by individuals who are not members of the armed forces. (iii) Espionage and war treason. (iv) Marauding.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1942 October 7, John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon, “[Collective Notes Presented to the Governments of Great Britain, the U.S.S.R. and the U.S.A. and Relative Correspondence] Statement of the Lord Chancellor in the House of Lords”, in Punishment for War Crimes, New York, N.Y.: United Nations Information Office, published [1943], →OCLC, page 30:",
"text": "If, this time, there is going to be, after the victory of the United Nations, due punishment of these abominable war crimes, perpetrated in breach of the laws of war by enemy nations and for which enemy individuals must be held responsible, it would be a grave mistake to concern ourselves at this stage merely with the discussion of the most appropriate tribunals to deal with such charges, or with the minutiae of juridical analysis.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "No. 11-1257",
"ref": "2012 October 16, Brett Kavanaugh, Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, “Hamdan v. United States [No. 11-1257]”, in West’s Federal Reporter: Cases Argued and Determined in the United States Courts of Appeals (3d Series), volume 696, St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Co., →ISSN, →OCLC, paragraph 66, page 1251:",
"text": "To be sure, there is a strong argument that aiding and abetting a recognized international-law war crime such as terrorism is itself an international-law war crime. And there are other similar war crimes.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Mariam M. Kurtz, Mwamini Thambwe Diggs, “Wartime Rape: A Case Study of the Democratic Republic of Congo”, in Mariam M. Kurtz, Lester R. Kurtz, editors, Women, War, and Violence: Topography, Resistance, and Hope, volume 1, Santa Barbara, Calif., Denver, Colo.: Praeger Security International, ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, page 193:",
"text": "To deal with war crime such as rape a mobile court system was created in the DRC [Democratic Republic of the Congo].",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020 June 21, “Drachinifel” [pseudonym], “The Drydock” (6:33 from the start), in YouTube, episode 099, archived from the original on 2022-08-08:",
"text": "The two primary ones are that by the time anyone bothered to codify rules of war, lighthouses went on the list of \"do not attack\" pretty much immediately, and so it would be a rather pointless war crime to commit; the second reason is related to why they went on the list of \"do not attack\" targets very quickly, and that is that lighthouses are completely nondiscriminatory as to who they alert to what's going on in terms of danger and coastlines and hidden rocks and such[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 March 17, Aditya Chakrabortty, “Western values? They enthroned the monster who is shelling Ukrainians today”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-06-14:",
"text": "Condoleezza Rice pops up on Fox to be told by the anchor: \"When you invade a sovereign nation, that is a war crime.\" With a solemn nod, the former secretary of state to George Bush replies: \"It is certainly against every principle of international law and international order.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war by any person or persons, military or civilian."
],
"links": [
[
"criminal law",
"criminal law"
],
[
"international law",
"international law"
],
[
"punishable",
"punishable"
],
[
"offence",
"offense"
],
[
"violation",
"violation"
],
[
"laws of war",
"law of war"
],
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"military",
"military#Adjective"
],
[
"civilian",
"civilian#Adjective"
]
],
"qualifier": "criminal law; international law; criminal law; international law",
"raw_glosses": [
"(criminal law, international law) A punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war by any person or persons, military or civilian."
],
"senseid": [
"en:Q135010"
],
"wikidata": [
"Q135010"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɔː kɹaɪm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɔɹ ˌkɹaɪm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-war crime.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-war_crime.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-war_crime.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "oorlogmisdaad"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jarīmat ḥarb",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "جَرِيمَةْ حَرْب"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ṙazmakan hancʻagorcutʻyun",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "ռազմական հանցագործություն"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crime de guerra"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "hərbi cinayət"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "gerra crimen"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vajénnaje zlačýnstva",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "вае́ннае злачы́нства"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "juddhaporadh",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "যুদ্ধাপরাধ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "voénno prestǎplénie",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "вое́нно престъпле́ние"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "cacraja.wathmu.",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "စစ်ရာဇဝတ်မှု"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crim de guerra"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "戰爭罪"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhànzhēngzuì",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "战争罪"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "válečný zločin"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "krigsforbrydelse"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "oorlogsmisdaad"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oorlogsmisdrijf"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "militkrimo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "sõjakuritegu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "sotarikos"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crime de guerre"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crime de guerra"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "samxedro današauli",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "სამხედრო დანაშაული"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saomari današauli",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "საომარი დანაშაული"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "omis današauli",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "ომის დანაშაული"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Kriegsverbrechen"
},
{
"code": "gsw",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"Alemannic-German"
],
"word": "Chriegsverbräche"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "égklima polémou",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "έγκλημα πολέμου"
},
{
"code": "ha",
"lang": "Hausa",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "laifin yaƙi"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "pésha' milkhamá",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פֶּשַׁע מִלְחָמָה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "yuddh aprādh",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "युद्ध अपराध"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "háborús bűn"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "háborús bűncselekmény"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stríðsglæpur"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "kejahatan perang"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "kejahatan perang"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "coir chogaidh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crimine di guerra"
},
{
"alt": "せんそうはんざい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sensō hanzai",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "戦争犯罪"
},
{
"alt": "戰爭犯罪",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jeonjaeng beomjoe",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "전쟁 범죄"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "tawanî cengî",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "تاوانی جەنگی"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "soguş kılmışı",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "согуш кылмышы"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "ʼā sa nyā kam song khām",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "ອາຊະຍາກຳສົງຄາມ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"New-Latin",
"neuter"
],
"word": "scelus bellicum"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kara noziegums"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "karo nusikaltimas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vóeno zlóstorstvo",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "во́ено зло́сторство"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "jenayah perang"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "yuddhakkuṟṟaṁ",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "യുദ്ധക്കുറ്റം"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krigsforbrytelse"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "krigsbrotsverk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "krigsbrottsverk"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crime de guèrra"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "jenâyat-e jangi",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "جنایت جنگی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zbrodnia wojenna"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crime de guerra"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crimă de război"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vojénnoje prestuplénije",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "вое́нное преступле́ние"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "ратни злочин"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ratni zločin"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vojnový zločin"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vojni zločin"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crimen de guerra"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "delito de guerra"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "uhalifu wa kivita"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "krigsförbrytelse"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "krigsbrott"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "jinoyat-i jangi",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "ҷинояти ҷангӣ"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "pōr kuṟṟam",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "போர் குற்றம்"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "àat-yaa-gam-sǒng-kraam",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "อาชญากรรมสงคราม"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"roman": "dmag 'khrug gi nag nyes",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "དམག་འཁྲུག་གི་ནག་ཉེས"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "savaş suçu"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vojénnyj zlóčyn",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "воє́нний зло́чин"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zločyn vijny",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "злочин війни"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "jangī jurm",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "جَنْگی جُرْم"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "harbiy jinoyatlar"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "tội ác chiến tranh"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "trosedd rhyfel"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war",
"word": "oarlochsmisdie"
}
],
"word": "war crime"
}
Download raw JSONL data for war crime meaning in All languages combined (23.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.