"viesis" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "viesistaba"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "viesu istaba"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "viesmīlīgs"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "viesmīlīgums"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "viesmīlība"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "viesmīlis"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "viesmīle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "viesnīca"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "*weiš-"
      },
      "expansion": "*weiš-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*weiśis"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *weiśis",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*weyḱ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "house, settlement"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *weyḱ- (“house, settlement”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*wey-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to cut, to bend, to braid, to weave"
      },
      "expansion": "*wey- (“to cut, to bend, to braid, to weave”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "viesis"
      },
      "expansion": "viesis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "viesēt"
      },
      "expansion": "viesēt",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "viešis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "guest, visitor"
      },
      "expansion": "viešis (“guest, visitor”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "viešpats",
        "3": "",
        "4": "deity; lord, governor"
      },
      "expansion": "viešpats (“deity; lord, governor”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "viẽšės",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a visit"
      },
      "expansion": "viẽšės (“a visit”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "viešėti",
        "3": "viešė́ti",
        "4": "to visit"
      },
      "expansion": "viešė́ti (“to visit”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "váišės",
        "3": "",
        "4": "celebrations, feasts"
      },
      "expansion": "váišės (“celebrations, feasts”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "vaišìnti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to entertain, to treat"
      },
      "expansion": "vaišìnti (“to entertain, to treat”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prg",
        "2": "waispattin",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wife"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Prussian waispattin (“wife”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*vьsь",
        "3": "",
        "4": "village"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vьsь (“village”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "весь"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian весь (vesʹ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ве́слина"
      },
      "expansion": "ве́слина (véslina)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "весца́",
        "3": "",
        "4": "small village"
      },
      "expansion": "весца́ (vescá, “small village”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "orv",
        "2": "весь"
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic весь (vesĭ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "вёска"
      },
      "expansion": "Belarusian вёска (vjóska)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "ves"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech ves",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "wieś",
        "3": "",
        "4": "village"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish wieś (“village”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐍃",
        "3": "",
        "4": "village"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐍃 (weihs, “village”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "विश्",
        "3": "",
        "4": "village, settlement, tribe"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit विश् (viś, “village, settlement, tribe”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "विश्पति",
        "3": "विश्पतिः",
        "4": "lord of the house, village elder, chief",
        "tr": "viśpátiḥ"
      },
      "expansion": "विश्पतिः (viśpátiḥ, “lord of the house, village elder, chief”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "वेश",
        "3": "वेशः",
        "4": "inhabitant, neighbor",
        "tr": "veśáḥ"
      },
      "expansion": "वेशः (veśáḥ, “inhabitant, neighbor”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "οἶκος"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ϝοῖκος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "house, dwelling, fence, cage"
      },
      "expansion": "ϝοῖκος (woîkos, “house, dwelling, fence, cage”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "vīcus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "group of houses, village"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vīcus (“group of houses, village”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *weiš- (with metathesis of ei to ie), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *weiśis, from Proto-Indo-European *weyḱ- (“house, settlement”), from *wey- (“to cut, to bend, to braid, to weave”).\nInitially viesis was inflected both as an i-stem and as an o-stem (*viesis, *viesas; the i-stem plural form viesis was still in use in the 17th century), whence its present-day irregular (non-s/š-alternating) declension. The change in meaning, from “house” to “guest,” occurred via old compounds like *vies-pats “lord of the house” (during celebrations, the lord of the house was also the host, the “lord of the guests,” which led to the reinterpretation of the meaning of the initial vies-), and probably also under the influence of (now dated) verb viesēt, originally “to go to someone's house, village,” later “to visit,” “to be a visitor.”\nCognates include Lithuanian archaic viešis (“guest, visitor”), viešpats (“deity; lord, governor”), viẽšės (“a visit”), viešė́ti (“to visit”), váišės (“celebrations, feasts”), vaišìnti (“to entertain, to treat”), Old Prussian waispattin (“wife”), Proto-Slavic *vьsь (“village”) (Russian весь (vesʹ), Russian dialectal ве́слина (véslina), весца́ (vescá, “small village”), Old East Slavic весь (vesĭ), Belarusian вёска (vjóska), Czech ves, Polish wieś (“village”)), Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐍃 (weihs, “village”), Sanskrit विश् (viś, “village, settlement, tribe”), विश्पतिः (viśpátiḥ, “lord of the house, village elder, chief”), वेशः (veśáḥ, “inhabitant, neighbor”), Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos), dialectal ϝοῖκος (woîkos, “house, dwelling, fence, cage”), Latin vīcus (“group of houses, village”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vìesis",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vìese",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "declension-2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2nd declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "vìesis",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "vìesis m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "2nd",
        "fem": "vìese",
        "head": "vìesis"
      },
      "expansion": "vìesis m (2nd declension, feminine form: vìese)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vie",
        "2": "is",
        "3": "2nd",
        "4": "",
        "5": "s",
        "6": "s",
        "extrawidth": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vie",
        "2": "is",
        "4": "",
        "5": "s",
        "6": "s",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-2"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "viesis",
        "10": "viesiem",
        "11": "viesī",
        "12": "viesos",
        "13": "viesi",
        "14": "viesi",
        "2": "viesi",
        "3": "viesi",
        "4": "viesus",
        "5": "viesa",
        "6": "viesu",
        "7": "viesim",
        "8": "viesiem",
        "9": "viesi",
        "type": "2nd declension",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant target parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "56 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian words with falling intonation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "wedding guests",
          "text": "kāzu viesi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "long-awaited guest",
          "text": "ilgi gaidīts viesis",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "invited guests",
          "text": "lūgti viesi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "rare guest",
          "text": "rets viesis",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "uninvited guest",
          "text": "nelūgts viesis",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "viesu grāmata ― guestbook",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to receive guests",
          "text": "saņemt, uzņemt viesus",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to accompany the guests",
          "text": "pavadīt viesus",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to invite the guests to the table",
          "text": "aicināt viesus pie galda",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to visit someone (lit. to go to someone in (= as) guests)",
          "text": "iet pie kāda viesos",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "visitor, guest (a person who comes to visit someone, and/or stays for a short time)"
      ],
      "id": "en-viesis-lv-noun-yOK79tZb",
      "links": [
        [
          "visitor",
          "visitor"
        ],
        [
          "guest",
          "guest"
        ],
        [
          "person",
          "person#English"
        ],
        [
          "visit",
          "visit#English"
        ],
        [
          "short",
          "short#English"
        ],
        [
          "time",
          "time#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(male) visitor, guest (a person who comes to visit someone, and/or stays for a short time)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant target parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "foreign guests",
          "text": "ārzemju viesi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to meet the conference guests at the airport",
          "text": "sagaidīt konferences viesus lidostā",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the audience applauded the guest",
          "text": "skatītāji, klausītāji aplaudēja viesim",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "guest (a person, usually officially invited, who comes to participate in an event)"
      ],
      "id": "en-viesis-lv-noun-tkOrWBHt",
      "links": [
        [
          "guest",
          "guest"
        ],
        [
          "person",
          "person#English"
        ],
        [
          "officially",
          "officially#English"
        ],
        [
          "invite",
          "invite#English"
        ],
        [
          "participate",
          "participate#English"
        ],
        [
          "event",
          "event#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(male) guest (a person, usually officially invited, who comes to participate in an event)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[vìesis]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ciemiņš"
    }
  ],
  "word": "viesis"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
    "Latvian lemmas",
    "Latvian links with redundant target parameters",
    "Latvian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Latvian masculine nouns",
    "Latvian non-alternating second declension nouns",
    "Latvian nouns",
    "Latvian second declension nouns",
    "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
    "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latvian words with falling intonation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "viesistaba"
    },
    {
      "word": "viesu istaba"
    },
    {
      "word": "viesmīlīgs"
    },
    {
      "word": "viesmīlīgums"
    },
    {
      "word": "viesmīlība"
    },
    {
      "word": "viesmīlis"
    },
    {
      "word": "viesmīle"
    },
    {
      "word": "viesnīca"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "*weiš-"
      },
      "expansion": "*weiš-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*weiśis"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *weiśis",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*weyḱ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "house, settlement"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *weyḱ- (“house, settlement”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*wey-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to cut, to bend, to braid, to weave"
      },
      "expansion": "*wey- (“to cut, to bend, to braid, to weave”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "viesis"
      },
      "expansion": "viesis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "viesēt"
      },
      "expansion": "viesēt",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "viešis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "guest, visitor"
      },
      "expansion": "viešis (“guest, visitor”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "viešpats",
        "3": "",
        "4": "deity; lord, governor"
      },
      "expansion": "viešpats (“deity; lord, governor”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "viẽšės",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a visit"
      },
      "expansion": "viẽšės (“a visit”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "viešėti",
        "3": "viešė́ti",
        "4": "to visit"
      },
      "expansion": "viešė́ti (“to visit”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "váišės",
        "3": "",
        "4": "celebrations, feasts"
      },
      "expansion": "váišės (“celebrations, feasts”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "vaišìnti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to entertain, to treat"
      },
      "expansion": "vaišìnti (“to entertain, to treat”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prg",
        "2": "waispattin",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wife"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Prussian waispattin (“wife”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*vьsь",
        "3": "",
        "4": "village"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vьsь (“village”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "весь"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian весь (vesʹ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ве́слина"
      },
      "expansion": "ве́слина (véslina)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "весца́",
        "3": "",
        "4": "small village"
      },
      "expansion": "весца́ (vescá, “small village”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "orv",
        "2": "весь"
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic весь (vesĭ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "вёска"
      },
      "expansion": "Belarusian вёска (vjóska)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "ves"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech ves",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "wieś",
        "3": "",
        "4": "village"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish wieś (“village”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐍃",
        "3": "",
        "4": "village"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐍃 (weihs, “village”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "विश्",
        "3": "",
        "4": "village, settlement, tribe"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit विश् (viś, “village, settlement, tribe”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "विश्पति",
        "3": "विश्पतिः",
        "4": "lord of the house, village elder, chief",
        "tr": "viśpátiḥ"
      },
      "expansion": "विश्पतिः (viśpátiḥ, “lord of the house, village elder, chief”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "वेश",
        "3": "वेशः",
        "4": "inhabitant, neighbor",
        "tr": "veśáḥ"
      },
      "expansion": "वेशः (veśáḥ, “inhabitant, neighbor”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "οἶκος"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ϝοῖκος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "house, dwelling, fence, cage"
      },
      "expansion": "ϝοῖκος (woîkos, “house, dwelling, fence, cage”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "vīcus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "group of houses, village"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vīcus (“group of houses, village”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *weiš- (with metathesis of ei to ie), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *weiśis, from Proto-Indo-European *weyḱ- (“house, settlement”), from *wey- (“to cut, to bend, to braid, to weave”).\nInitially viesis was inflected both as an i-stem and as an o-stem (*viesis, *viesas; the i-stem plural form viesis was still in use in the 17th century), whence its present-day irregular (non-s/š-alternating) declension. The change in meaning, from “house” to “guest,” occurred via old compounds like *vies-pats “lord of the house” (during celebrations, the lord of the house was also the host, the “lord of the guests,” which led to the reinterpretation of the meaning of the initial vies-), and probably also under the influence of (now dated) verb viesēt, originally “to go to someone's house, village,” later “to visit,” “to be a visitor.”\nCognates include Lithuanian archaic viešis (“guest, visitor”), viešpats (“deity; lord, governor”), viẽšės (“a visit”), viešė́ti (“to visit”), váišės (“celebrations, feasts”), vaišìnti (“to entertain, to treat”), Old Prussian waispattin (“wife”), Proto-Slavic *vьsь (“village”) (Russian весь (vesʹ), Russian dialectal ве́слина (véslina), весца́ (vescá, “small village”), Old East Slavic весь (vesĭ), Belarusian вёска (vjóska), Czech ves, Polish wieś (“village”)), Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐍃 (weihs, “village”), Sanskrit विश् (viś, “village, settlement, tribe”), विश्पतिः (viśpátiḥ, “lord of the house, village elder, chief”), वेशः (veśáḥ, “inhabitant, neighbor”), Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos), dialectal ϝοῖκος (woîkos, “house, dwelling, fence, cage”), Latin vīcus (“group of houses, village”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vìesis",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vìese",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "declension-2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2nd declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "viesi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "vìesis",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "vìesis m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "2nd",
        "fem": "vìese",
        "head": "vìesis"
      },
      "expansion": "vìesis m (2nd declension, feminine form: vìese)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vie",
        "2": "is",
        "3": "2nd",
        "4": "",
        "5": "s",
        "6": "s",
        "extrawidth": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vie",
        "2": "is",
        "4": "",
        "5": "s",
        "6": "s",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-2"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "viesis",
        "10": "viesiem",
        "11": "viesī",
        "12": "viesos",
        "13": "viesi",
        "14": "viesi",
        "2": "viesi",
        "3": "viesi",
        "4": "viesus",
        "5": "viesa",
        "6": "viesu",
        "7": "viesim",
        "8": "viesiem",
        "9": "viesi",
        "type": "2nd declension",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "wedding guests",
          "text": "kāzu viesi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "long-awaited guest",
          "text": "ilgi gaidīts viesis",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "invited guests",
          "text": "lūgti viesi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "rare guest",
          "text": "rets viesis",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "uninvited guest",
          "text": "nelūgts viesis",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "viesu grāmata ― guestbook",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to receive guests",
          "text": "saņemt, uzņemt viesus",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to accompany the guests",
          "text": "pavadīt viesus",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to invite the guests to the table",
          "text": "aicināt viesus pie galda",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to visit someone (lit. to go to someone in (= as) guests)",
          "text": "iet pie kāda viesos",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "visitor, guest (a person who comes to visit someone, and/or stays for a short time)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "visitor",
          "visitor"
        ],
        [
          "guest",
          "guest"
        ],
        [
          "person",
          "person#English"
        ],
        [
          "visit",
          "visit#English"
        ],
        [
          "short",
          "short#English"
        ],
        [
          "time",
          "time#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(male) visitor, guest (a person who comes to visit someone, and/or stays for a short time)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "foreign guests",
          "text": "ārzemju viesi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to meet the conference guests at the airport",
          "text": "sagaidīt konferences viesus lidostā",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the audience applauded the guest",
          "text": "skatītāji, klausītāji aplaudēja viesim",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "guest (a person, usually officially invited, who comes to participate in an event)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "guest",
          "guest"
        ],
        [
          "person",
          "person#English"
        ],
        [
          "officially",
          "officially#English"
        ],
        [
          "invite",
          "invite#English"
        ],
        [
          "participate",
          "participate#English"
        ],
        [
          "event",
          "event#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(male) guest (a person, usually officially invited, who comes to participate in an event)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[vìesis]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "ciemiņš"
    }
  ],
  "word": "viesis"
}