"valency" meaning in All languages combined

See valency on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈveɪlənsi/ [General-American, Received-Pronunciation] Forms: valencies [plural]
enPR: vā'lənsē Etymology: From Late Latin valentia and Latin valentia (“bodily strength; health; vigour”) + English -y (suffix forming abstract nouns denoting a condition, quality, or state). Valentia is derived from valēns (“healthy, strong, vigorous”) + -ia (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns); while valēns is the present active participle of valeō (“to be healthy, sound, or well; to be strong; to have influence or power, etc.”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to rule; powerful, strong”). Sense 1 (“combining capacity of an atom”) and sense 3 (“number of arguments a verb can have”) are possibly from valence + -y. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*h₂welh₁-|id=rule}}, {{der|en|LL.|valentia}} Late Latin valentia, {{der|en|la|valentia|t=bodily strength; health; vigour}} Latin valentia (“bodily strength; health; vigour”), {{glossary|suffix}} suffix, {{glossary|abstract noun}} abstract noun, {{m|en|-y|pos=suffix forming abstract nouns denoting a condition, quality, or state}} -y (suffix forming abstract nouns denoting a condition, quality, or state), {{m|la||Valentia}} Valentia, {{m|la|valēns|t=healthy, strong, vigorous}} valēns (“healthy, strong, vigorous”), {{glossary|feminine}} feminine, {{m|la|-ia|pos=suffix forming feminine abstract nouns}} -ia (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns), {{m|la||valēns}} valēns, {{glossary|present}} present, {{glossary|active}} active, {{glossary|participle}} participle, {{m|la|valeō|t=to be healthy, sound, or well; to be strong; to have influence or power, etc.}} valeō (“to be healthy, sound, or well; to be strong; to have influence or power, etc.”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*h₂welh₁-|t=to rule; powerful, strong}} Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to rule; powerful, strong”), {{langname|en}} English, {{senseno|en|chemistry|uc=1}} Sense 1, {{langname|en}} English, {{senseno|en|linguistics}} sense 3, {{suffix|en|valence|y|id2=abstract noun}} valence + -y Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} valency (countable and uncountable, plural valencies)
  1. (countable, chemistry) Alternative form of valence (“the combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share when it combines with other atoms, etc.”) Tags: Britain, alt-of, alternative, countable Alternative form of: valence (extra: the combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share when it combines with other atoms, etc.) Categories (topical): Chemistry
    Sense id: en-valency-en-noun-en:chemistry Topics: chemistry, natural-sciences, physical-sciences
  2. (countable, chemistry) Alternative form of valence (“the combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share when it combines with other atoms, etc.”)
    (uncountable, by extension) The capacity of something to combine with other things, as for example the capability of a vaccine as measured by the number of pathogen serotypes that it can counteract.
    Tags: Britain, broadly, uncountable Categories (topical): Chemistry Translations (capacity of something to combine with other things): yhdisteltävyys (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-valency-en-noun-en:chemistry1 Categories (other): English terms with collocations, English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -y (abstract noun) Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 24 53 12 11 1 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -y (abstract noun): 15 53 14 16 2 Topics: chemistry, natural-sciences, physical-sciences Disambiguation of 'capacity of something to combine with other things': 22 72 3 3 1
  3. (countable, graph theory) The number of edges connected to a vertex in a graph. Tags: Britain, countable Categories (topical): Graph theory Synonyms: degree
    Sense id: en-valency-en-noun-mCp88wmp Topics: graph-theory, mathematics, sciences
  4. (countable, linguistics) Alternative form of valence (“the number of arguments that a verb can have, including its subject, ranging from zero to three or, less commonly, four”) Tags: Britain, alt-of, alternative, countable Alternative form of: valence (extra: the number of arguments that a verb can have, including its subject, ranging from zero to three or, less commonly, four) Categories (topical): Linguistics
    Sense id: en-valency-en-noun-en:linguistics Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, sciences
  5. (uncountable) Importance, significance. Tags: Britain, uncountable
    Sense id: en-valency-en-noun-JADtxytZ
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: quantivalency

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for valency meaning in All languages combined (11.3kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bivalency"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "covalency"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "electrovalency"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hypervalency"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "monovalency"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "multivalency"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "paucivalency"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "pentavalency"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "polyvalency"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "quadrivalency"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tetravalency"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "univalency"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂welh₁-",
        "id": "rule"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "valentia"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin valentia",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "valentia",
        "t": "bodily strength; health; vigour"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin valentia (“bodily strength; health; vigour”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "suffix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "abstract noun"
      },
      "expansion": "abstract noun",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-y",
        "pos": "suffix forming abstract nouns denoting a condition, quality, or state"
      },
      "expansion": "-y (suffix forming abstract nouns denoting a condition, quality, or state)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "",
        "3": "Valentia"
      },
      "expansion": "Valentia",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "valēns",
        "t": "healthy, strong, vigorous"
      },
      "expansion": "valēns (“healthy, strong, vigorous”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "feminine"
      },
      "expansion": "feminine",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-ia",
        "pos": "suffix forming feminine abstract nouns"
      },
      "expansion": "-ia (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "",
        "3": "valēns"
      },
      "expansion": "valēns",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "present"
      },
      "expansion": "present",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "active"
      },
      "expansion": "active",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "participle"
      },
      "expansion": "participle",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "valeō",
        "t": "to be healthy, sound, or well; to be strong; to have influence or power, etc."
      },
      "expansion": "valeō (“to be healthy, sound, or well; to be strong; to have influence or power, etc.”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂welh₁-",
        "t": "to rule; powerful, strong"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to rule; powerful, strong”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "chemistry",
        "uc": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Sense 1",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "linguistics"
      },
      "expansion": "sense 3",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "valence",
        "3": "y",
        "id2": "abstract noun"
      },
      "expansion": "valence + -y",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Late Latin valentia and Latin valentia (“bodily strength; health; vigour”) + English -y (suffix forming abstract nouns denoting a condition, quality, or state). Valentia is derived from valēns (“healthy, strong, vigorous”) + -ia (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns); while valēns is the present active participle of valeō (“to be healthy, sound, or well; to be strong; to have influence or power, etc.”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to rule; powerful, strong”).\nSense 1 (“combining capacity of an atom”) and sense 3 (“number of arguments a verb can have”) are possibly from valence + -y.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "valencies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "valency (countable and uncountable, plural valencies)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "val‧ency"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "quantivalency"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "the combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share when it combines with other atoms, etc.",
          "word": "valence"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Chemistry",
          "orig": "en:Chemistry",
          "parents": [
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of valence (“the combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share when it combines with other atoms, etc.”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-valency-en-noun-en:chemistry",
      "links": [
        [
          "chemistry",
          "chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "valence",
          "valence#English"
        ],
        [
          "combining",
          "combining#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "capacity",
          "capacity"
        ],
        [
          "atom",
          "atom"
        ],
        [
          "functional group",
          "functional group"
        ],
        [
          "radical",
          "radical#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "determine",
          "determine"
        ],
        [
          "number",
          "number#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "hydrogen",
          "hydrogen"
        ],
        [
          "unite",
          "unite#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "electron",
          "electron"
        ],
        [
          "gain",
          "gain#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "lose",
          "lose#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "share",
          "share#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "combines",
          "combine#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, chemistry) Alternative form of valence (“the combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share when it combines with other atoms, etc.”)"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:chemistry"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Britain",
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "countable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms with collocations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with collocations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Chemistry",
          "orig": "en:Chemistry",
          "parents": [
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 53 12 11 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 53 14 16 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -y (abstract noun)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "vaccine valency",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2018, James Lambert, “A Multitude of ‘Lishes’: The Nomenclature of Hybridity”, in English World-Wide, page 10",
          "text": "Some etymons appear to have greater valency than others when it comes to the formation of portmanteau words.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2022 May 31, Madeleine Armstrong, “GSK goes back to its vaccine bread and butter”, in Evaluate Vantage, retrieved 2023-05-09",
          "text": "The rationale behind GSK's buy is that bigger is better, in terms of vaccine valency. It has been shown that including more disease-causing serotypes decreases the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease. To this end, Pfizer and Merck last year got the nod for 20-valent and 15-valent vaccines respectively. Affinivax's AFX3772, meanwhile, is a 24-valent jab.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of valence (“the combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share when it combines with other atoms, etc.”)",
        "The capacity of something to combine with other things, as for example the capability of a vaccine as measured by the number of pathogen serotypes that it can counteract."
      ],
      "id": "en-valency-en-noun-en:chemistry1",
      "links": [
        [
          "chemistry",
          "chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "valence",
          "valence#English"
        ],
        [
          "combining",
          "combining#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "capacity",
          "capacity"
        ],
        [
          "atom",
          "atom"
        ],
        [
          "functional group",
          "functional group"
        ],
        [
          "radical",
          "radical#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "determine",
          "determine"
        ],
        [
          "number",
          "number#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "hydrogen",
          "hydrogen"
        ],
        [
          "unite",
          "unite#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "electron",
          "electron"
        ],
        [
          "gain",
          "gain#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "lose",
          "lose#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "share",
          "share#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "combines",
          "combine#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "combine",
          "combine#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "thing",
          "thing"
        ],
        [
          "serotypes",
          "serotype#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, chemistry) Alternative form of valence (“the combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share when it combines with other atoms, etc.”)",
        "(uncountable, by extension) The capacity of something to combine with other things, as for example the capability of a vaccine as measured by the number of pathogen serotypes that it can counteract."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:chemistry"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Britain",
        "broadly",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "22 72 3 3 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "capacity of something to combine with other things",
          "word": "yhdisteltävyys"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Graph theory",
          "orig": "en:Graph theory",
          "parents": [
            "Mathematics",
            "Visualization",
            "Formal sciences",
            "Computing",
            "Interdisciplinary fields",
            "Sciences",
            "Technology",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The number of edges connected to a vertex in a graph."
      ],
      "id": "en-valency-en-noun-mCp88wmp",
      "links": [
        [
          "graph theory",
          "graph theory"
        ],
        [
          "edges",
          "edge#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "connect",
          "connect"
        ],
        [
          "vertex",
          "vertex"
        ],
        [
          "graph",
          "graph#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, graph theory) The number of edges connected to a vertex in a graph."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "degree"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Britain",
        "countable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "graph-theory",
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "the number of arguments that a verb can have, including its subject, ranging from zero to three or, less commonly, four",
          "word": "valence"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Linguistics",
          "orig": "en:Linguistics",
          "parents": [
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of valence (“the number of arguments that a verb can have, including its subject, ranging from zero to three or, less commonly, four”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-valency-en-noun-en:linguistics",
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "valence",
          "valence#English"
        ],
        [
          "arguments",
          "argument#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "verb",
          "verb#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "subject",
          "subject#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "ranging",
          "range#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "zero",
          "zero#Numeral"
        ],
        [
          "three",
          "three"
        ],
        [
          "less",
          "less#Determiner"
        ],
        [
          "commonly",
          "commonly"
        ],
        [
          "four",
          "four"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, linguistics) Alternative form of valence (“the number of arguments that a verb can have, including its subject, ranging from zero to three or, less commonly, four”)"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:linguistics"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Britain",
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "countable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Importance, significance."
      ],
      "id": "en-valency-en-noun-JADtxytZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "Importance",
          "importance"
        ],
        [
          "significance",
          "significance"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable) Importance, significance."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Britain",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈveɪlənsi/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "vā'lənsē"
    }
  ],
  "word": "valency"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂welh₁- (rule)",
    "English terms suffixed with -y (abstract noun)",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English uncountable nouns"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "bivalency"
    },
    {
      "word": "covalency"
    },
    {
      "word": "electrovalency"
    },
    {
      "word": "hypervalency"
    },
    {
      "word": "monovalency"
    },
    {
      "word": "multivalency"
    },
    {
      "word": "paucivalency"
    },
    {
      "word": "pentavalency"
    },
    {
      "word": "polyvalency"
    },
    {
      "word": "quadrivalency"
    },
    {
      "word": "tetravalency"
    },
    {
      "word": "univalency"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂welh₁-",
        "id": "rule"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "valentia"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin valentia",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "valentia",
        "t": "bodily strength; health; vigour"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin valentia (“bodily strength; health; vigour”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "suffix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "abstract noun"
      },
      "expansion": "abstract noun",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-y",
        "pos": "suffix forming abstract nouns denoting a condition, quality, or state"
      },
      "expansion": "-y (suffix forming abstract nouns denoting a condition, quality, or state)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "",
        "3": "Valentia"
      },
      "expansion": "Valentia",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "valēns",
        "t": "healthy, strong, vigorous"
      },
      "expansion": "valēns (“healthy, strong, vigorous”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "feminine"
      },
      "expansion": "feminine",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-ia",
        "pos": "suffix forming feminine abstract nouns"
      },
      "expansion": "-ia (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "",
        "3": "valēns"
      },
      "expansion": "valēns",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "present"
      },
      "expansion": "present",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "active"
      },
      "expansion": "active",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "participle"
      },
      "expansion": "participle",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "valeō",
        "t": "to be healthy, sound, or well; to be strong; to have influence or power, etc."
      },
      "expansion": "valeō (“to be healthy, sound, or well; to be strong; to have influence or power, etc.”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂welh₁-",
        "t": "to rule; powerful, strong"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to rule; powerful, strong”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "chemistry",
        "uc": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Sense 1",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "linguistics"
      },
      "expansion": "sense 3",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "valence",
        "3": "y",
        "id2": "abstract noun"
      },
      "expansion": "valence + -y",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Late Latin valentia and Latin valentia (“bodily strength; health; vigour”) + English -y (suffix forming abstract nouns denoting a condition, quality, or state). Valentia is derived from valēns (“healthy, strong, vigorous”) + -ia (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns); while valēns is the present active participle of valeō (“to be healthy, sound, or well; to be strong; to have influence or power, etc.”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to rule; powerful, strong”).\nSense 1 (“combining capacity of an atom”) and sense 3 (“number of arguments a verb can have”) are possibly from valence + -y.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "valencies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "valency (countable and uncountable, plural valencies)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "val‧ency"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "quantivalency"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "the combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share when it combines with other atoms, etc.",
          "word": "valence"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "en:Chemistry"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of valence (“the combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share when it combines with other atoms, etc.”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chemistry",
          "chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "valence",
          "valence#English"
        ],
        [
          "combining",
          "combining#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "capacity",
          "capacity"
        ],
        [
          "atom",
          "atom"
        ],
        [
          "functional group",
          "functional group"
        ],
        [
          "radical",
          "radical#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "determine",
          "determine"
        ],
        [
          "number",
          "number#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "hydrogen",
          "hydrogen"
        ],
        [
          "unite",
          "unite#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "electron",
          "electron"
        ],
        [
          "gain",
          "gain#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "lose",
          "lose#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "share",
          "share#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "combines",
          "combine#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, chemistry) Alternative form of valence (“the combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share when it combines with other atoms, etc.”)"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:chemistry"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Britain",
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "countable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English terms with collocations",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns",
        "en:Chemistry"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "vaccine valency",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2018, James Lambert, “A Multitude of ‘Lishes’: The Nomenclature of Hybridity”, in English World-Wide, page 10",
          "text": "Some etymons appear to have greater valency than others when it comes to the formation of portmanteau words.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2022 May 31, Madeleine Armstrong, “GSK goes back to its vaccine bread and butter”, in Evaluate Vantage, retrieved 2023-05-09",
          "text": "The rationale behind GSK's buy is that bigger is better, in terms of vaccine valency. It has been shown that including more disease-causing serotypes decreases the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease. To this end, Pfizer and Merck last year got the nod for 20-valent and 15-valent vaccines respectively. Affinivax's AFX3772, meanwhile, is a 24-valent jab.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of valence (“the combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share when it combines with other atoms, etc.”)",
        "The capacity of something to combine with other things, as for example the capability of a vaccine as measured by the number of pathogen serotypes that it can counteract."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chemistry",
          "chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "valence",
          "valence#English"
        ],
        [
          "combining",
          "combining#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "capacity",
          "capacity"
        ],
        [
          "atom",
          "atom"
        ],
        [
          "functional group",
          "functional group"
        ],
        [
          "radical",
          "radical#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "determine",
          "determine"
        ],
        [
          "number",
          "number#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "hydrogen",
          "hydrogen"
        ],
        [
          "unite",
          "unite#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "electron",
          "electron"
        ],
        [
          "gain",
          "gain#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "lose",
          "lose#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "share",
          "share#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "combines",
          "combine#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "combine",
          "combine#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "thing",
          "thing"
        ],
        [
          "serotypes",
          "serotype#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, chemistry) Alternative form of valence (“the combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share when it combines with other atoms, etc.”)",
        "(uncountable, by extension) The capacity of something to combine with other things, as for example the capability of a vaccine as measured by the number of pathogen serotypes that it can counteract."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:chemistry"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Britain",
        "broadly",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "en:Graph theory"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The number of edges connected to a vertex in a graph."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "graph theory",
          "graph theory"
        ],
        [
          "edges",
          "edge#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "connect",
          "connect"
        ],
        [
          "vertex",
          "vertex"
        ],
        [
          "graph",
          "graph#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, graph theory) The number of edges connected to a vertex in a graph."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "degree"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Britain",
        "countable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "graph-theory",
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "the number of arguments that a verb can have, including its subject, ranging from zero to three or, less commonly, four",
          "word": "valence"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "en:Linguistics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of valence (“the number of arguments that a verb can have, including its subject, ranging from zero to three or, less commonly, four”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "valence",
          "valence#English"
        ],
        [
          "arguments",
          "argument#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "verb",
          "verb#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "subject",
          "subject#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "ranging",
          "range#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "zero",
          "zero#Numeral"
        ],
        [
          "three",
          "three"
        ],
        [
          "less",
          "less#Determiner"
        ],
        [
          "commonly",
          "commonly"
        ],
        [
          "four",
          "four"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, linguistics) Alternative form of valence (“the number of arguments that a verb can have, including its subject, ranging from zero to three or, less commonly, four”)"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:linguistics"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Britain",
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "countable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Importance, significance."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Importance",
          "importance"
        ],
        [
          "significance",
          "significance"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable) Importance, significance."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Britain",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈveɪlənsi/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "vā'lənsē"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "capacity of something to combine with other things",
      "word": "yhdisteltävyys"
    }
  ],
  "word": "valency"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.