See upholden on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"2": "up",
"3": "holden"
},
"expansion": "up- + holden",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "up- + holden",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "upholden",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "52 7 24 6 5 5",
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{
"_dis": "47 5 35 5 4 4",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
23
]
],
"ref": "1611, Authorized King James Version, Job 4:4:",
"text": "Thy words have upholden him that was falling, and thou hast strengthened the feeble knees.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
119,
127
]
],
"ref": "1678, Robert Barclay, An Apology for the True Christian Divinity, Proposition XV, §. VIII.:",
"text": "For these wretches would be necessitated then to betake themselves to some honest livelihood, if they were not fed and upholden, by these.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "uphold"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of uphold"
],
"id": "en-upholden-en-verb-uxAuX25b",
"links": [
[
"uphold",
"uphold#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) past participle of uphold"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"word": "upholden"
}
{
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{
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"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "uphold"
},
"expansion": "English: uphold",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: uphold"
},
{
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"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-msc",
"2": "uphald",
"3": "uphalde"
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots: uphald, uphalde",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Scots: uphald, uphalde"
},
{
"depth": 2,
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{
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"2": "uphaud",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Scots: uphaud, up-haud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: uphaud, up-haud"
}
],
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{
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"1": "enm",
"2": "up-",
"3": "holden"
},
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"name": "af"
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{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ophouden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ophouden",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "upholden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German upholden",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "ûfhalten"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German ûfhalten",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From up- + holden; compare Middle Dutch ophouden, Middle Low German upholden, Middle High German ûfhalten.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "upholdeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upholdynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "upheld",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upholden",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "upholden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to upholden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "upholde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "upholde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upheld",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upholdest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uphelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upheld",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upholdeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upheld",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upholde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "uphelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "upholde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upholden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "upholde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "uphelden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "uphelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upholdeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "upholde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upholdynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "upholdende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "upholden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "upholde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "up halde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "uphold",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "upholde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "up-holde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "up halden",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "uphald",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "up-halde",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "upholden",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "upholdeth",
"2": "upholdynge",
"3": "upheld",
"4": "upholden"
},
"expansion": "upholden (third-person singular simple present upholdeth, present participle upholdynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative upheld, past participle upholden)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hold",
"2": "held",
"class": "7",
"pf": "up"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 41 15 16 9 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms prefixed with up-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hold up; to keep aloft or upright."
],
"id": "en-upholden-enm-verb-vvrjnf0L",
"links": [
[
"hold up",
"hold up"
],
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"aloft",
"aloft"
],
[
"upright",
"upright"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 20 33 14 8 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 94 1 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Money",
"orig": "enm:Money",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To support or sustain; to provide help to or for:",
"To subsidise or pay for; to give money to maintain."
],
"id": "en-upholden-enm-verb-FgTErJVR",
"links": [
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"sustain",
"sustain"
],
[
"help",
"help"
],
[
"subsidise",
"subsidise"
],
[
"pay for",
"pay for"
],
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To support or sustain; to provide help to or for:",
"To complete or bring about (an intent)"
],
"id": "en-upholden-enm-verb-lLrylYqX",
"links": [
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"sustain",
"sustain"
],
[
"help",
"help"
],
[
"complete",
"complete"
],
[
"bring about",
"bring about"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To support or sustain; to provide help to or for:",
"(rare) To complete or bring about (an intent)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To support or sustain; to provide help to or for:",
"To resist; to defend against."
],
"id": "en-upholden-enm-verb-bzKmXOSY",
"links": [
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"sustain",
"sustain"
],
[
"help",
"help"
],
[
"resist",
"resist"
],
[
"defend",
"defend"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To support or sustain; to provide help to or for:",
"(rare) To resist; to defend against."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To support or sustain; to provide help to or for:",
"To confirm an assertion or claim."
],
"id": "en-upholden-enm-verb-9MO2wkD5",
"links": [
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"sustain",
"sustain"
],
[
"help",
"help"
],
[
"confirm",
"confirm"
],
[
"assertion",
"assertion"
],
[
"claim",
"claim"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To support or sustain; to provide help to or for:",
"(rare) To confirm an assertion or claim."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/upˈhɔːldən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/upˈhaːldən/",
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
}
],
"word": "upholden"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 7 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms prefixed with up-",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Money"
],
"etymology_templates": [
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"2": "up",
"3": "holden"
},
"expansion": "up- + holden",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "up- + holden",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "upholden",
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"lang_code": "en",
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{
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"English non-lemma forms",
"English past participles",
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"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English verb forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
23
]
],
"ref": "1611, Authorized King James Version, Job 4:4:",
"text": "Thy words have upholden him that was falling, and thou hast strengthened the feeble knees.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
119,
127
]
],
"ref": "1678, Robert Barclay, An Apology for the True Christian Divinity, Proposition XV, §. VIII.:",
"text": "For these wretches would be necessitated then to betake themselves to some honest livelihood, if they were not fed and upholden, by these.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "uphold"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of uphold"
],
"links": [
[
"uphold",
"uphold#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) past participle of uphold"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"word": "upholden"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 7 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms prefixed with up-",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Money"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "uphold"
},
"expansion": "English: uphold",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: uphold"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-msc",
"2": "uphald",
"3": "uphalde"
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots: uphald, uphalde",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Scots: uphald, uphalde"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "uphaud",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Scots: uphaud, up-haud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: uphaud, up-haud"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "up-",
"3": "holden"
},
"expansion": "up- + holden",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ophouden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ophouden",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "upholden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German upholden",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "ûfhalten"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German ûfhalten",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From up- + holden; compare Middle Dutch ophouden, Middle Low German upholden, Middle High German ûfhalten.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "upholdeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upholdynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "upheld",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upholden",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "upholden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to upholden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "upholde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "upholde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upheld",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upholdest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uphelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upheld",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upholdeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upheld",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upholde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "uphelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "upholde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upholden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "upholde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "uphelden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "uphelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upholdeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "upholde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upholdynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "upholdende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "upholden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "upholde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "up halde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "uphold",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "upholde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "up-holde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "up halden",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "uphald",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "up-halde",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "upholden",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "upholdeth",
"2": "upholdynge",
"3": "upheld",
"4": "upholden"
},
"expansion": "upholden (third-person singular simple present upholdeth, present participle upholdynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative upheld, past participle upholden)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hold",
"2": "held",
"class": "7",
"pf": "up"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To hold up; to keep aloft or upright."
],
"links": [
[
"hold up",
"hold up"
],
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"aloft",
"aloft"
],
[
"upright",
"upright"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To support or sustain; to provide help to or for:",
"To subsidise or pay for; to give money to maintain."
],
"links": [
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"sustain",
"sustain"
],
[
"help",
"help"
],
[
"subsidise",
"subsidise"
],
[
"pay for",
"pay for"
],
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To support or sustain; to provide help to or for:",
"To complete or bring about (an intent)"
],
"links": [
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"sustain",
"sustain"
],
[
"help",
"help"
],
[
"complete",
"complete"
],
[
"bring about",
"bring about"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To support or sustain; to provide help to or for:",
"(rare) To complete or bring about (an intent)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To support or sustain; to provide help to or for:",
"To resist; to defend against."
],
"links": [
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"sustain",
"sustain"
],
[
"help",
"help"
],
[
"resist",
"resist"
],
[
"defend",
"defend"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To support or sustain; to provide help to or for:",
"(rare) To resist; to defend against."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To support or sustain; to provide help to or for:",
"To confirm an assertion or claim."
],
"links": [
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"sustain",
"sustain"
],
[
"help",
"help"
],
[
"confirm",
"confirm"
],
[
"assertion",
"assertion"
],
[
"claim",
"claim"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To support or sustain; to provide help to or for:",
"(rare) To confirm an assertion or claim."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/upˈhɔːldən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/upˈhaːldən/",
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
}
],
"word": "upholden"
}
Download raw JSONL data for upholden meaning in All languages combined (8.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (a4e883e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.