"twardnieć" meaning in All languages combined

See twardnieć on Wiktionary

Verb [Polish]

IPA: /ˈtfard.ɲɛt͡ɕ/
Rhymes: -ardɲɛt͡ɕ Etymology: From twardy + -eć. Etymology templates: {{af|pl|twardy|-eć}} twardy + -eć Head templates: {{pl-verb|impf|pf=stwardnieć}} twardnieć impf (perfective stwardnieć) Inflection templates: {{pl-conj-ai-eję|twardni}}, {{pl-conj-ai|twardnieć|twardnieję|twardnieje|twardnieją|twardnia|twardnia|twardnie|twardniej|ip=twardniano|pp=|pp2=|vn=twardnienie}} Forms: stwardnieć [perfective], imperfective [table-tags], twardnieć [infinitive], twardnieję [present, singular], twardniejemy [plural, present], twardniejesz [present, singular], twardniejecie [plural, present], twardnieje [present, singular, third-person], twardnieją [plural, present, third-person], twardnieje się [impersonal, present], twardniałem [masculine, past, singular], -(e)m twardniał [masculine, past, singular], twardniałam [feminine, past, singular], -(e)m twardniała [feminine, past, singular], twardniałom [neuter, past, singular], -(e)m twardniało [neuter, past, singular], twardnieliśmy [past, plural, virile], -(e)śmy twardnieli [past, plural, virile], twardniałyśmy [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)śmy twardniały [nonvirile, past, plural], twardniałeś [masculine, past, singular], -(e)ś twardniał [masculine, past, singular], twardniałaś [feminine, past, singular], -(e)ś twardniała [feminine, past, singular], twardniałoś [neuter, past, singular], -(e)ś twardniało [neuter, past, singular], twardnieliście [past, plural, virile], -(e)ście twardnieli [past, plural, virile], twardniałyście [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)ście twardniały [nonvirile, past, plural], twardniał [masculine, past, singular, third-person], twardniała [feminine, past, singular, third-person], twardniało [neuter, past, singular, third-person], twardnieli [past, plural, third-person, virile], twardniały [nonvirile, past, plural, third-person], twardniano [impersonal, past], będę twardniał [future, masculine, singular], będę twardnieć [future, masculine, singular], będę twardniała [feminine, future, singular], będę twardnieć [feminine, future, singular], będę twardniało [future, neuter, singular], będę twardnieć [future, neuter, singular], będziemy twardnieli [future, plural, virile], będziemy twardnieć [future, plural, virile], będziemy twardniały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziemy twardnieć [future, nonvirile, plural], będziesz twardniał [future, masculine, singular], będziesz twardnieć [future, masculine, singular], będziesz twardniała [feminine, future, singular], będziesz twardnieć [feminine, future, singular], będziesz twardniało [future, neuter, singular], będziesz twardnieć [future, neuter, singular], będziecie twardnieli [future, plural, virile], będziecie twardnieć [future, plural, virile], będziecie twardniały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziecie twardnieć [future, nonvirile, plural], będzie twardniał [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie twardnieć [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie twardniała [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie twardnieć [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie twardniało [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będzie twardnieć [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będą twardnieli [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą twardnieć [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą twardniały [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będą twardnieć [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będzie twardnieć się [future, impersonal], twardniałbym [conditional, masculine, singular], bym twardniał [conditional, masculine, singular], twardniałabym [conditional, feminine, singular], bym twardniała [conditional, feminine, singular], twardniałobym [conditional, neuter, singular], bym twardniało [conditional, neuter, singular], twardnielibyśmy [conditional, plural, virile], byśmy twardnieli [conditional, plural, virile], twardniałybyśmy [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byśmy twardniały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], twardniałbyś [conditional, masculine, singular], byś twardniał [conditional, masculine, singular], twardniałabyś [conditional, feminine, singular], byś twardniała [conditional, feminine, singular], twardniałobyś [conditional, neuter, singular], byś twardniało [conditional, neuter, singular], twardnielibyście [conditional, plural, virile], byście twardnieli [conditional, plural, virile], twardniałybyście [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byście twardniały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], twardniałby [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], by twardniał [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], twardniałaby [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], by twardniała [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], twardniałoby [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], by twardniało [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], twardnieliby [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], by twardnieli [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], twardniałyby [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], by twardniały [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], twardniano by [conditional, impersonal], niech twardnieję [imperative, singular], twardniejmy [imperative, plural], twardniej [imperative, singular], twardniejcie [imperative, plural], niech twardnieje [imperative, singular, third-person], niech twardnieją [imperative, plural, third-person], twardniejący [active, adjectival, masculine, participle, singular], twardniejąca [active, adjectival, feminine, participle, singular], twardniejące [active, adjectival, neuter, participle, singular], twardniejący [active, adjectival, participle, plural, virile], twardniejące [active, adjectival, nonvirile, participle, plural], twardniejąc [adjectival, contemporary, participle], twardnienie [noun-from-verb]
  1. (intransitive) to harden; to indurate; to become hard Tags: imperfective, intransitive
    Sense id: en-twardnieć-pl-verb-kx7jWtRS Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish terms suffixed with -eć Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 39 40 10 10 Disambiguation of Polish terms suffixed with -eć: 30 26 22 22
  2. (intransitive, medicine) to sclerose Tags: imperfective, intransitive Categories (topical): Medicine
    Sense id: en-twardnieć-pl-verb-4zZlTkrZ Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish terms suffixed with -eć Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 39 40 10 10 Disambiguation of Polish terms suffixed with -eć: 30 26 22 22 Topics: medicine, sciences
  3. (intransitive) to solidify Tags: imperfective, intransitive
    Sense id: en-twardnieć-pl-verb-fAxKscF6 Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish terms suffixed with -eć Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 39 40 10 10 Disambiguation of Polish terms suffixed with -eć: 30 26 22 22
  4. (intransitive) to ossify Tags: imperfective, intransitive
    Sense id: en-twardnieć-pl-verb-Ure7XvDk Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish terms suffixed with -eć Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 39 40 10 10 Disambiguation of Polish terms suffixed with -eć: 30 26 22 22
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: twardy

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for twardnieć meaning in All languages combined (14.4kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "twardy",
        "3": "-eć"
      },
      "expansion": "twardy + -eć",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From twardy + -eć.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "stwardnieć",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-conj-ai-eję",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardnieję",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniejemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniejesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniejecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardnieje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardnieją",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardnieje się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m twardniał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m twardniała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m twardniało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardnieliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy twardnieli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy twardniały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś twardniał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś twardniała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś twardniało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardnieliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście twardnieli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście twardniały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardnieli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę twardniał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę twardniała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę twardniało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy twardnieli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy twardniały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz twardniał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz twardniała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz twardniało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie twardnieli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie twardniały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie twardniał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie twardniała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie twardniało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą twardnieli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą twardniały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie twardnieć się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym twardniał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym twardniała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym twardniało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardnielibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy twardnieli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy twardniały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś twardniał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś twardniała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś twardniało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardnielibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście twardnieli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście twardniały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by twardniał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by twardniała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by twardniało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardnieliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by twardnieli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by twardniały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech twardnieję",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniejmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniej",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniejcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech twardnieje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech twardnieją",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniejący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniejąca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniejące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniejący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniejące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniejąc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardnienie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "pf": "stwardnieć"
      },
      "expansion": "twardnieć impf (perfective stwardnieć)",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "tward‧nieć"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "twardni"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai-eję"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "twardnieć",
        "2": "twardnieję",
        "3": "twardnieje",
        "4": "twardnieją",
        "5": "twardnia",
        "6": "twardnia",
        "7": "twardnie",
        "8": "twardniej",
        "ip": "twardniano",
        "pp": "",
        "pp2": "",
        "vn": "twardnienie"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "twardy"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "mięknąć"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "39 40 10 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 26 22 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms suffixed with -eć",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to harden; to indurate; to become hard"
      ],
      "id": "en-twardnieć-pl-verb-kx7jWtRS",
      "links": [
        [
          "harden",
          "harden"
        ],
        [
          "indurate",
          "indurate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to harden; to indurate; to become hard"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Medicine",
          "orig": "pl:Medicine",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 40 10 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 26 22 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms suffixed with -eć",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to sclerose"
      ],
      "id": "en-twardnieć-pl-verb-4zZlTkrZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "sclerose",
          "sclerose"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, medicine) to sclerose"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "39 40 10 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 26 22 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms suffixed with -eć",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to solidify"
      ],
      "id": "en-twardnieć-pl-verb-fAxKscF6",
      "links": [
        [
          "solidify",
          "solidify"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to solidify"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "39 40 10 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 26 22 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms suffixed with -eć",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to ossify"
      ],
      "id": "en-twardnieć-pl-verb-Ure7XvDk",
      "links": [
        [
          "ossify",
          "ossify"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to ossify"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtfard.ɲɛt͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ardɲɛt͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "twardnieć"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 2-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish imperfective verbs",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish terms suffixed with -eć",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Polish verbs",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ardɲɛt͡ɕ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ardɲɛt͡ɕ/2 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "twardy",
        "3": "-eć"
      },
      "expansion": "twardy + -eć",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From twardy + -eć.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "stwardnieć",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-conj-ai-eję",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardnieję",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniejemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniejesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniejecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardnieje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardnieją",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardnieje się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m twardniał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m twardniała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m twardniało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardnieliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy twardnieli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy twardniały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś twardniał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś twardniała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś twardniało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardnieliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście twardnieli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście twardniały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardnieli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę twardniał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę twardniała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę twardniało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy twardnieli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy twardniały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz twardniał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz twardniała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz twardniało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie twardnieli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie twardniały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie twardniał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie twardniała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie twardniało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą twardnieli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą twardniały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą twardnieć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie twardnieć się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym twardniał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym twardniała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym twardniało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardnielibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy twardnieli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy twardniały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś twardniał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś twardniała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś twardniało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardnielibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście twardnieli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście twardniały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by twardniał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by twardniała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by twardniało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardnieliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by twardnieli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by twardniały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech twardnieję",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniejmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniej",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniejcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech twardnieje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech twardnieją",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniejący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniejąca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniejące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniejący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniejące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardniejąc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twardnienie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "pf": "stwardnieć"
      },
      "expansion": "twardnieć impf (perfective stwardnieć)",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "tward‧nieć"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "twardni"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai-eję"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "twardnieć",
        "2": "twardnieję",
        "3": "twardnieje",
        "4": "twardnieją",
        "5": "twardnia",
        "6": "twardnia",
        "7": "twardnie",
        "8": "twardniej",
        "ip": "twardniano",
        "pp": "",
        "pp2": "",
        "vn": "twardnienie"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "twardy"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "mięknąć"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Polish intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to harden; to indurate; to become hard"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "harden",
          "harden"
        ],
        [
          "indurate",
          "indurate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to harden; to indurate; to become hard"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish intransitive verbs",
        "pl:Medicine"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to sclerose"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "sclerose",
          "sclerose"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, medicine) to sclerose"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to solidify"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "solidify",
          "solidify"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to solidify"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to ossify"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ossify",
          "ossify"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to ossify"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtfard.ɲɛt͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ardɲɛt͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "twardnieć"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.