See truant on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for truant meaning in All languages combined (27.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Britain",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "trivant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "archaic or obsolete",
"word": "truantness"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "truant"
},
"expansion": "Middle English truant",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "truand"
},
"expansion": "truand",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "truaund",
"t": "(adjective) idle; tending to vagrancy (uncertain; may be a use of the noun); (noun) beggar; mendicant friar; vagrant, wanderer; worthless person, rogue, scoundrel; one who is absent without leave, truant; one who shirks duties"
},
"expansion": "truaund (“(adjective) idle; tending to vagrancy (uncertain; may be a use of the noun); (noun) beggar; mendicant friar; vagrant, wanderer; worthless person, rogue, scoundrel; one who is absent without leave, truant; one who shirks duties”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "truant"
},
"expansion": "Old French truant",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "truand",
"t": "(adjective) beggarly; roguish; (noun) a beggar, vagabond; a rogue"
},
"expansion": "truand (“(adjective) beggarly; roguish; (noun) a beggar, vagabond; a rogue”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "truand"
},
"expansion": "French truand",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Celtic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*trugan"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *trugan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "br",
"3": "truan",
"t": "wretched"
},
"expansion": "Breton truan (“wretched”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*térh₁-tro-m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *térh₁-tro-m",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terh₁-",
"t": "to drill, pierce; to rub; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to drill, pierce; to rub; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "truc",
"t": "beggar"
},
"expansion": "Breton truc (“beggar”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "trogán"
},
"expansion": "Irish trogán",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "trogha",
"t": "destitute"
},
"expansion": "trogha (“destitute”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "trawant"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch trawant",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "trouwant"
},
"expansion": "trouwant",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "truwant"
},
"expansion": "truwant",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "truan"
},
"expansion": "Occitan truan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "truão"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese truão",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "trudanach",
"t": "vagabond"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic trudanach (“vagabond”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "truaghan",
"t": "wretched"
},
"expansion": "truaghan (“wretched”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "truhan"
},
"expansion": "Spanish truhan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "tru"
},
"expansion": "Welsh tru",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "truan",
"t": "wretched"
},
"expansion": "truan (“wretched”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective and noun are derived from Middle English truant, truand, truaund (“(adjective) idle; tending to vagrancy (uncertain; may be a use of the noun); (noun) beggar; mendicant friar; vagrant, wanderer; worthless person, rogue, scoundrel; one who is absent without leave, truant; one who shirks duties”), from Old French truant, truand (“(adjective) beggarly; roguish; (noun) a beggar, vagabond; a rogue”) (modern French truand), probably of Celtic origin, possibly from Gaulish *trugan, or from Breton truan (“wretched”), from Proto-Celtic *térh₁-tro-m, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to drill, pierce; to rub; to turn”).\ncognates\n* Breton truc (“beggar”)\n* Irish trogán, trogha (“destitute”)\n* Middle Dutch trawant, trouwant, truwant\n* Occitan truan\n* Portuguese truão\n* Scottish Gaelic trudanach (“vagabond”), truaghan (“wretched”)\n* Spanish truhan\n* Welsh tru, truan (“wretched”)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "truant (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tru‧ant"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1772, John Trumbull, “The Owl and the Sparrow. A Fable.”, in The Poetical Works of John Trumbull, […], volume II, Hartford, Conn.: […] Samuel G[riswold] Goodrich, by Lincoln & Stone, published 1820, →OCLC, page 149",
"text": "In elder days, in Saturn's prime, / Ere baldness seized the head of Time, / While truant Jove, in infant pride, / Play'd barefoot on Olympus' side, / Each thing on earth had power to chatter, / And spoke the mother tongue of nature.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Shirking or wandering from business or duty; straying; hence, idle; loitering."
],
"id": "en-truant-en-adj-0ZGbCN1S",
"links": [
[
"Shirking",
"shirk#Verb"
],
[
"wandering",
"wander#Verb"
],
[
"business",
"business#Noun"
],
[
"duty",
"duty"
],
[
"straying",
"straying#Adjective"
],
[
"idle",
"idle#Adjective"
],
[
"loitering",
"loitering#Adjective"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "shirking or wandering from business or duty",
"word": "vastuistaan laistava"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 40 0 0 36 0 24 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Education",
"orig": "en:Education",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 11 7 27 15 27 12 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He didn’t graduate because he was chronically truant and didn’t have enough attendances to meet the requirement.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a student: absent from school without permission."
],
"id": "en-truant-en-adj-qSnj42kr",
"links": [
[
"student",
"student"
],
[
"absent",
"absent#Adjective"
],
[
"school",
"school#Noun"
],
[
"permission",
"permission#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(specifically) Of a student: absent from school without permission."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"specifically"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 94 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mutaḡayyib",
"sense": "of a student: absent from school without permission",
"word": "مُتَغَيِّب"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 94 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "of a student: absent from school without permission",
"word": "za školou"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 94 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of a student: absent from school without permission",
"word": "spijbelend"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 94 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a student: absent from school without permission",
"word": "luvattomasti poissaoleva"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 94 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a student: absent from school without permission",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "pinnaava"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 94 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a student: absent from school without permission",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "lintsaava"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 94 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of a student: absent from school without permission",
"word": "am Schwänzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 94 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of a student: absent from school without permission",
"word": "pigro"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 94 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "progúlivajuščij",
"sense": "of a student: absent from school without permission",
"word": "прогу́ливающий"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 94 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of a student: absent from school without permission",
"word": "truante"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 94 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "prohuljujučyj",
"sense": "of a student: absent from school without permission",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прогулюючий"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Having no real substance; unimportant, vain, worthless."
],
"id": "en-truant-en-adj-YLqBbPz7",
"links": [
[
"Having",
"have#Verb"
],
[
"real",
"real#Adjective"
],
[
"substance",
"substance#Noun"
],
[
"unimportant",
"unimportant"
],
[
"vain",
"vain"
],
[
"worthless",
"worthless"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Having no real substance; unimportant, vain, worthless."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɹuːənt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɹuənt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːənt"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-truant.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-truant.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-truant.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-truant.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-truant.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "truant"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "play truant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "truancy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "truantism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "truantlike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "truantly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "truant officer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "truantry"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "truantship"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "truant"
},
"expansion": "Middle English truant",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "truand"
},
"expansion": "truand",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "truaund",
"t": "(adjective) idle; tending to vagrancy (uncertain; may be a use of the noun); (noun) beggar; mendicant friar; vagrant, wanderer; worthless person, rogue, scoundrel; one who is absent without leave, truant; one who shirks duties"
},
"expansion": "truaund (“(adjective) idle; tending to vagrancy (uncertain; may be a use of the noun); (noun) beggar; mendicant friar; vagrant, wanderer; worthless person, rogue, scoundrel; one who is absent without leave, truant; one who shirks duties”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "truant"
},
"expansion": "Old French truant",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "truand",
"t": "(adjective) beggarly; roguish; (noun) a beggar, vagabond; a rogue"
},
"expansion": "truand (“(adjective) beggarly; roguish; (noun) a beggar, vagabond; a rogue”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "truand"
},
"expansion": "French truand",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Celtic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*trugan"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *trugan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "br",
"3": "truan",
"t": "wretched"
},
"expansion": "Breton truan (“wretched”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*térh₁-tro-m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *térh₁-tro-m",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terh₁-",
"t": "to drill, pierce; to rub; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to drill, pierce; to rub; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "truc",
"t": "beggar"
},
"expansion": "Breton truc (“beggar”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "trogán"
},
"expansion": "Irish trogán",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "trogha",
"t": "destitute"
},
"expansion": "trogha (“destitute”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "trawant"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch trawant",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "trouwant"
},
"expansion": "trouwant",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "truwant"
},
"expansion": "truwant",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "truan"
},
"expansion": "Occitan truan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "truão"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese truão",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "trudanach",
"t": "vagabond"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic trudanach (“vagabond”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "truaghan",
"t": "wretched"
},
"expansion": "truaghan (“wretched”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "truhan"
},
"expansion": "Spanish truhan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "tru"
},
"expansion": "Welsh tru",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "truan",
"t": "wretched"
},
"expansion": "truan (“wretched”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective and noun are derived from Middle English truant, truand, truaund (“(adjective) idle; tending to vagrancy (uncertain; may be a use of the noun); (noun) beggar; mendicant friar; vagrant, wanderer; worthless person, rogue, scoundrel; one who is absent without leave, truant; one who shirks duties”), from Old French truant, truand (“(adjective) beggarly; roguish; (noun) a beggar, vagabond; a rogue”) (modern French truand), probably of Celtic origin, possibly from Gaulish *trugan, or from Breton truan (“wretched”), from Proto-Celtic *térh₁-tro-m, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to drill, pierce; to rub; to turn”).\ncognates\n* Breton truc (“beggar”)\n* Irish trogán, trogha (“destitute”)\n* Middle Dutch trawant, trouwant, truwant\n* Occitan truan\n* Portuguese truão\n* Scottish Gaelic trudanach (“vagabond”), truaghan (“wretched”)\n* Spanish truhan\n* Welsh tru, truan (“wretched”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "truants",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "truant (plural truants)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tru‧ant"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 11 7 27 15 27 12 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An idle or lazy person; an idler."
],
"id": "en-truant-en-noun-86OtKJ1H",
"links": [
[
"idle",
"idle#Adjective"
],
[
"lazy",
"lazy#Adjective"
],
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"idler",
"idler"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "idler"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 40 0 0 36 0 24 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Education",
"orig": "en:Education",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 11 7 27 15 27 12 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A student who is absent from school without permission; hence (figurative), a person who shirks or wanders from business or duty."
],
"id": "en-truant-en-noun-uqtOm-UY",
"links": [
[
"student",
"student"
],
[
"absent",
"absent#Adjective"
],
[
"school",
"school#Noun"
],
[
"permission",
"permission#Noun"
],
[
"shirks",
"shirk#Verb"
],
[
"wanders",
"wander#Verb"
],
[
"business",
"business#Noun"
],
[
"duty",
"duty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(specifically) A student who is absent from school without permission; hence (figurative), a person who shirks or wanders from business or duty."
],
"tags": [
"specifically"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 75 15",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"word": "stokkiesdraaier"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 75 15",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "krǎškač",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кръшкач"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 75 15",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"word": "曠課者"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 75 15",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kuàngkèzhě",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"word": "旷课者"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 75 15",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ulejvák"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 75 15",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"note": "from school",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "záškolák"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 75 15",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spijbelaar"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 75 15",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"word": "verzuimen"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 75 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"word": "lintsari"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 75 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"word": "pinnari"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 75 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schwänzer"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 75 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schwänzerin"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 75 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schulschwänzer"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 75 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schulschwänzerin"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 75 15",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "múitseálaí"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 75 15",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wagarowicz"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 75 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "progúlʹščik",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прогу́льщик"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 75 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "progúlʹščica",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прогу́льщица"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 75 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "absentista"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 75 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "novillero"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 75 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "novillera"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 75 15",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "prohulʹnyk",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прогульник"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 75 15",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sačok",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сачок"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 75 15",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "triwant"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 3 11 2 25 35 20 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 11 7 27 15 27 12 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of sturdy beggar (“a person who was fit and able to work, but lived as a beggar or vagrant instead”); hence, a worthless person; a rogue, a scoundrel."
],
"id": "en-truant-en-noun-pAfqL-dr",
"links": [
[
"sturdy beggar",
"sturdy beggar#English"
],
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"fit",
"fit#Adjective"
],
[
"able",
"able#Adjective"
],
[
"work",
"work#Verb"
],
[
"lived",
"live#Verb"
],
[
"beggar",
"beggar#Noun"
],
[
"vagrant",
"vagrant#Noun"
],
[
"worthless",
"worthless"
],
[
"rogue",
"rogue#Noun"
],
[
"scoundrel",
"scoundrel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Synonym of sturdy beggar (“a person who was fit and able to work, but lived as a beggar or vagrant instead”); hence, a worthless person; a rogue, a scoundrel."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vagabond"
},
{
"word": "worthless person"
},
{
"extra": "(“a person who was fit and able to work, but lived as a beggar or vagrant instead”); hence, a worthless person; a rogue, a scoundrel",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "sturdy beggar"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɹuːənt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɹuənt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːənt"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-truant.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-truant.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-truant.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-truant.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-truant.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "truant"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "truanting"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "truaunten",
"t": "to obtain alms fraudulently; to behave like a rogue or scoundrel; to neglect a duty; to be idle or lazy"
},
"expansion": "Middle English truaunten (“to obtain alms fraudulently; to behave like a rogue or scoundrel; to neglect a duty; to be idle or lazy”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "truander"
},
"expansion": "Old French truander",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "truander",
"t": "to cheat, to con"
},
"expansion": "French truander (“to cheat, to con”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "truand",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "truand (noun)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "infinitive"
},
"expansion": "infinitive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "conjugation"
},
"expansion": "conjugation",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-er",
"pos": "suffix forming infinitives of first-conjugation verbs"
},
"expansion": "-er (suffix forming infinitives of first-conjugation verbs)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "truaunt",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English truaunt (noun)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-en",
"pos": "suffix forming infinitives of verbs"
},
"expansion": "-en (suffix forming infinitives of verbs)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English truaunten (“to obtain alms fraudulently; to behave like a rogue or scoundrel; to neglect a duty; to be idle or lazy”), and then partly:\n* from Old French truander (modern French truander (“to cheat, to con”)), from truand (noun) (see etymology 1) + -er (suffix forming infinitives of first-conjugation verbs); and\n* from Middle English truaunt (noun) (see etymology 1) + -en (suffix forming infinitives of verbs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "truants",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "truanting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "truanted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "truanted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "truant (third-person singular simple present truants, present participle truanting, simple past and past participle truanted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tru‧ant"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 40 0 0 36 0 24 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Education",
"orig": "en:Education",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 11 7 27 15 27 12 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The number of schoolchildren known to have truanted from this school has been unusually high.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1690, J[ohn] Garretson, “Exercises Fitted to Lilly’s Concords, and Rules, together with Observations upon Them”, in English Exercises for School-boys to Translate into Latin. […], 3rd edition, London: […] Tho[mas] Cockerill, […], →OCLC, page 30",
"text": "Thou Truantest much, and art very idle, which are moſt pernicious things.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Also used with the impersonal pronoun it (dated): to shirk or wander from business or duty; (specifically) of a student: to be absent from school without permission; to play truant."
],
"id": "en-truant-en-verb-wfSn4q9B",
"links": [
[
"it",
"it#Pronoun"
],
[
"shirk",
"shirk#Verb"
],
[
"wander",
"wander#Verb"
],
[
"business",
"business#Noun"
],
[
"duty",
"duty"
],
[
"student",
"student"
],
[
"absent",
"absent#Adjective"
],
[
"school",
"school#Noun"
],
[
"permission",
"permission#Noun"
],
[
"play truant",
"play truant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Also used with the impersonal pronoun it (dated): to shirk or wander from business or duty; (specifically) of a student: to be absent from school without permission; to play truant."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "to shirk or wander from business or duty",
"word": "stokkies draai"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to shirk or wander from business or duty",
"word": "laistaa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To idle away or waste (time)."
],
"id": "en-truant-en-verb-x648cChX",
"links": [
[
"idle",
"idle#Verb"
],
[
"waste",
"waste#Verb"
],
[
"time",
"time#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To idle away or waste (time)."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɹuːənt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɹuənt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːənt"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-truant.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-truant.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-truant.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-truant.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-truant.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "truant"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Breton",
"English terms derived from Celtic languages",
"English terms derived from Gaulish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *terh₁-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/uːənt",
"Rhymes:English/uːənt/2 syllables",
"en:Education",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"Britain",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "trivant"
},
{
"english": "archaic or obsolete",
"word": "truantness"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "truant"
},
"expansion": "Middle English truant",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "truand"
},
"expansion": "truand",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "truaund",
"t": "(adjective) idle; tending to vagrancy (uncertain; may be a use of the noun); (noun) beggar; mendicant friar; vagrant, wanderer; worthless person, rogue, scoundrel; one who is absent without leave, truant; one who shirks duties"
},
"expansion": "truaund (“(adjective) idle; tending to vagrancy (uncertain; may be a use of the noun); (noun) beggar; mendicant friar; vagrant, wanderer; worthless person, rogue, scoundrel; one who is absent without leave, truant; one who shirks duties”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "truant"
},
"expansion": "Old French truant",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "truand",
"t": "(adjective) beggarly; roguish; (noun) a beggar, vagabond; a rogue"
},
"expansion": "truand (“(adjective) beggarly; roguish; (noun) a beggar, vagabond; a rogue”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "truand"
},
"expansion": "French truand",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Celtic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*trugan"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *trugan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "br",
"3": "truan",
"t": "wretched"
},
"expansion": "Breton truan (“wretched”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*térh₁-tro-m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *térh₁-tro-m",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terh₁-",
"t": "to drill, pierce; to rub; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to drill, pierce; to rub; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "truc",
"t": "beggar"
},
"expansion": "Breton truc (“beggar”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "trogán"
},
"expansion": "Irish trogán",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "trogha",
"t": "destitute"
},
"expansion": "trogha (“destitute”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "trawant"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch trawant",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "trouwant"
},
"expansion": "trouwant",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "truwant"
},
"expansion": "truwant",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "truan"
},
"expansion": "Occitan truan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "truão"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese truão",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "trudanach",
"t": "vagabond"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic trudanach (“vagabond”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "truaghan",
"t": "wretched"
},
"expansion": "truaghan (“wretched”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "truhan"
},
"expansion": "Spanish truhan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "tru"
},
"expansion": "Welsh tru",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "truan",
"t": "wretched"
},
"expansion": "truan (“wretched”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective and noun are derived from Middle English truant, truand, truaund (“(adjective) idle; tending to vagrancy (uncertain; may be a use of the noun); (noun) beggar; mendicant friar; vagrant, wanderer; worthless person, rogue, scoundrel; one who is absent without leave, truant; one who shirks duties”), from Old French truant, truand (“(adjective) beggarly; roguish; (noun) a beggar, vagabond; a rogue”) (modern French truand), probably of Celtic origin, possibly from Gaulish *trugan, or from Breton truan (“wretched”), from Proto-Celtic *térh₁-tro-m, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to drill, pierce; to rub; to turn”).\ncognates\n* Breton truc (“beggar”)\n* Irish trogán, trogha (“destitute”)\n* Middle Dutch trawant, trouwant, truwant\n* Occitan truan\n* Portuguese truão\n* Scottish Gaelic trudanach (“vagabond”), truaghan (“wretched”)\n* Spanish truhan\n* Welsh tru, truan (“wretched”)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "truant (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tru‧ant"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1772, John Trumbull, “The Owl and the Sparrow. A Fable.”, in The Poetical Works of John Trumbull, […], volume II, Hartford, Conn.: […] Samuel G[riswold] Goodrich, by Lincoln & Stone, published 1820, →OCLC, page 149",
"text": "In elder days, in Saturn's prime, / Ere baldness seized the head of Time, / While truant Jove, in infant pride, / Play'd barefoot on Olympus' side, / Each thing on earth had power to chatter, / And spoke the mother tongue of nature.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Shirking or wandering from business or duty; straying; hence, idle; loitering."
],
"links": [
[
"Shirking",
"shirk#Verb"
],
[
"wandering",
"wander#Verb"
],
[
"business",
"business#Noun"
],
[
"duty",
"duty"
],
[
"straying",
"straying#Adjective"
],
[
"idle",
"idle#Adjective"
],
[
"loitering",
"loitering#Adjective"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He didn’t graduate because he was chronically truant and didn’t have enough attendances to meet the requirement.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a student: absent from school without permission."
],
"links": [
[
"student",
"student"
],
[
"absent",
"absent#Adjective"
],
[
"school",
"school#Noun"
],
[
"permission",
"permission#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(specifically) Of a student: absent from school without permission."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"specifically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Having no real substance; unimportant, vain, worthless."
],
"links": [
[
"Having",
"have#Verb"
],
[
"real",
"real#Adjective"
],
[
"substance",
"substance#Noun"
],
[
"unimportant",
"unimportant"
],
[
"vain",
"vain"
],
[
"worthless",
"worthless"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Having no real substance; unimportant, vain, worthless."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɹuːənt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɹuənt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːənt"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-truant.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-truant.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-truant.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-truant.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-truant.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "shirking or wandering from business or duty",
"word": "vastuistaan laistava"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mutaḡayyib",
"sense": "of a student: absent from school without permission",
"word": "مُتَغَيِّب"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "of a student: absent from school without permission",
"word": "za školou"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of a student: absent from school without permission",
"word": "spijbelend"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a student: absent from school without permission",
"word": "luvattomasti poissaoleva"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a student: absent from school without permission",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "pinnaava"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a student: absent from school without permission",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "lintsaava"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of a student: absent from school without permission",
"word": "am Schwänzen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of a student: absent from school without permission",
"word": "pigro"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "progúlivajuščij",
"sense": "of a student: absent from school without permission",
"word": "прогу́ливающий"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of a student: absent from school without permission",
"word": "truante"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "prohuljujučyj",
"sense": "of a student: absent from school without permission",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прогулюючий"
}
],
"word": "truant"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Breton",
"English terms derived from Celtic languages",
"English terms derived from Gaulish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *terh₁-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/uːənt",
"Rhymes:English/uːənt/2 syllables",
"en:Education",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "play truant"
},
{
"word": "truancy"
},
{
"word": "truantism"
},
{
"word": "truantlike"
},
{
"word": "truantly"
},
{
"word": "truant officer"
},
{
"word": "truantry"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "truantship"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "truant"
},
"expansion": "Middle English truant",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "truand"
},
"expansion": "truand",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "truaund",
"t": "(adjective) idle; tending to vagrancy (uncertain; may be a use of the noun); (noun) beggar; mendicant friar; vagrant, wanderer; worthless person, rogue, scoundrel; one who is absent without leave, truant; one who shirks duties"
},
"expansion": "truaund (“(adjective) idle; tending to vagrancy (uncertain; may be a use of the noun); (noun) beggar; mendicant friar; vagrant, wanderer; worthless person, rogue, scoundrel; one who is absent without leave, truant; one who shirks duties”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "truant"
},
"expansion": "Old French truant",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "truand",
"t": "(adjective) beggarly; roguish; (noun) a beggar, vagabond; a rogue"
},
"expansion": "truand (“(adjective) beggarly; roguish; (noun) a beggar, vagabond; a rogue”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "truand"
},
"expansion": "French truand",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Celtic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*trugan"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *trugan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "br",
"3": "truan",
"t": "wretched"
},
"expansion": "Breton truan (“wretched”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*térh₁-tro-m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *térh₁-tro-m",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terh₁-",
"t": "to drill, pierce; to rub; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to drill, pierce; to rub; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "truc",
"t": "beggar"
},
"expansion": "Breton truc (“beggar”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "trogán"
},
"expansion": "Irish trogán",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "trogha",
"t": "destitute"
},
"expansion": "trogha (“destitute”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "trawant"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch trawant",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "trouwant"
},
"expansion": "trouwant",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "truwant"
},
"expansion": "truwant",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "truan"
},
"expansion": "Occitan truan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "truão"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese truão",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "trudanach",
"t": "vagabond"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic trudanach (“vagabond”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "truaghan",
"t": "wretched"
},
"expansion": "truaghan (“wretched”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "truhan"
},
"expansion": "Spanish truhan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "tru"
},
"expansion": "Welsh tru",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "truan",
"t": "wretched"
},
"expansion": "truan (“wretched”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective and noun are derived from Middle English truant, truand, truaund (“(adjective) idle; tending to vagrancy (uncertain; may be a use of the noun); (noun) beggar; mendicant friar; vagrant, wanderer; worthless person, rogue, scoundrel; one who is absent without leave, truant; one who shirks duties”), from Old French truant, truand (“(adjective) beggarly; roguish; (noun) a beggar, vagabond; a rogue”) (modern French truand), probably of Celtic origin, possibly from Gaulish *trugan, or from Breton truan (“wretched”), from Proto-Celtic *térh₁-tro-m, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to drill, pierce; to rub; to turn”).\ncognates\n* Breton truc (“beggar”)\n* Irish trogán, trogha (“destitute”)\n* Middle Dutch trawant, trouwant, truwant\n* Occitan truan\n* Portuguese truão\n* Scottish Gaelic trudanach (“vagabond”), truaghan (“wretched”)\n* Spanish truhan\n* Welsh tru, truan (“wretched”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "truants",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "truant (plural truants)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tru‧ant"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An idle or lazy person; an idler."
],
"links": [
[
"idle",
"idle#Adjective"
],
[
"lazy",
"lazy#Adjective"
],
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"idler",
"idler"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "idler"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A student who is absent from school without permission; hence (figurative), a person who shirks or wanders from business or duty."
],
"links": [
[
"student",
"student"
],
[
"absent",
"absent#Adjective"
],
[
"school",
"school#Noun"
],
[
"permission",
"permission#Noun"
],
[
"shirks",
"shirk#Verb"
],
[
"wanders",
"wander#Verb"
],
[
"business",
"business#Noun"
],
[
"duty",
"duty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(specifically) A student who is absent from school without permission; hence (figurative), a person who shirks or wanders from business or duty."
],
"tags": [
"specifically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of sturdy beggar (“a person who was fit and able to work, but lived as a beggar or vagrant instead”); hence, a worthless person; a rogue, a scoundrel."
],
"links": [
[
"sturdy beggar",
"sturdy beggar#English"
],
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"fit",
"fit#Adjective"
],
[
"able",
"able#Adjective"
],
[
"work",
"work#Verb"
],
[
"lived",
"live#Verb"
],
[
"beggar",
"beggar#Noun"
],
[
"vagrant",
"vagrant#Noun"
],
[
"worthless",
"worthless"
],
[
"rogue",
"rogue#Noun"
],
[
"scoundrel",
"scoundrel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Synonym of sturdy beggar (“a person who was fit and able to work, but lived as a beggar or vagrant instead”); hence, a worthless person; a rogue, a scoundrel."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vagabond"
},
{
"word": "worthless person"
},
{
"extra": "(“a person who was fit and able to work, but lived as a beggar or vagrant instead”); hence, a worthless person; a rogue, a scoundrel",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "sturdy beggar"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɹuːənt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɹuənt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːənt"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-truant.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-truant.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-truant.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-truant.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-truant.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"word": "stokkiesdraaier"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "krǎškač",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кръшкач"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"word": "曠課者"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kuàngkèzhě",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"word": "旷课者"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ulejvák"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"note": "from school",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "záškolák"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spijbelaar"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"word": "verzuimen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"word": "lintsari"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"word": "pinnari"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schwänzer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schwänzerin"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schulschwänzer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schulschwänzerin"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "múitseálaí"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wagarowicz"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "progúlʹščik",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прогу́льщик"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "progúlʹščica",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прогу́льщица"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "absentista"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "novillero"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "novillera"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "prohulʹnyk",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прогульник"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sačok",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сачок"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "triwant"
}
],
"word": "truant"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/uːənt",
"Rhymes:English/uːənt/2 syllables",
"en:Education",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "truanting"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "truaunten",
"t": "to obtain alms fraudulently; to behave like a rogue or scoundrel; to neglect a duty; to be idle or lazy"
},
"expansion": "Middle English truaunten (“to obtain alms fraudulently; to behave like a rogue or scoundrel; to neglect a duty; to be idle or lazy”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "truander"
},
"expansion": "Old French truander",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "truander",
"t": "to cheat, to con"
},
"expansion": "French truander (“to cheat, to con”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "truand",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "truand (noun)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "infinitive"
},
"expansion": "infinitive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "conjugation"
},
"expansion": "conjugation",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-er",
"pos": "suffix forming infinitives of first-conjugation verbs"
},
"expansion": "-er (suffix forming infinitives of first-conjugation verbs)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "truaunt",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English truaunt (noun)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-en",
"pos": "suffix forming infinitives of verbs"
},
"expansion": "-en (suffix forming infinitives of verbs)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English truaunten (“to obtain alms fraudulently; to behave like a rogue or scoundrel; to neglect a duty; to be idle or lazy”), and then partly:\n* from Old French truander (modern French truander (“to cheat, to con”)), from truand (noun) (see etymology 1) + -er (suffix forming infinitives of first-conjugation verbs); and\n* from Middle English truaunt (noun) (see etymology 1) + -en (suffix forming infinitives of verbs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "truants",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "truanting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "truanted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "truanted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "truant (third-person singular simple present truants, present participle truanting, simple past and past participle truanted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tru‧ant"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The number of schoolchildren known to have truanted from this school has been unusually high.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1690, J[ohn] Garretson, “Exercises Fitted to Lilly’s Concords, and Rules, together with Observations upon Them”, in English Exercises for School-boys to Translate into Latin. […], 3rd edition, London: […] Tho[mas] Cockerill, […], →OCLC, page 30",
"text": "Thou Truantest much, and art very idle, which are moſt pernicious things.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Also used with the impersonal pronoun it (dated): to shirk or wander from business or duty; (specifically) of a student: to be absent from school without permission; to play truant."
],
"links": [
[
"it",
"it#Pronoun"
],
[
"shirk",
"shirk#Verb"
],
[
"wander",
"wander#Verb"
],
[
"business",
"business#Noun"
],
[
"duty",
"duty"
],
[
"student",
"student"
],
[
"absent",
"absent#Adjective"
],
[
"school",
"school#Noun"
],
[
"permission",
"permission#Noun"
],
[
"play truant",
"play truant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Also used with the impersonal pronoun it (dated): to shirk or wander from business or duty; (specifically) of a student: to be absent from school without permission; to play truant."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To idle away or waste (time)."
],
"links": [
[
"idle",
"idle#Verb"
],
[
"waste",
"waste#Verb"
],
[
"time",
"time#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To idle away or waste (time)."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɹuːənt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɹuənt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːənt"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-truant.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-truant.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-truant.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-truant.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-truant.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "to shirk or wander from business or duty",
"word": "stokkies draai"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to shirk or wander from business or duty",
"word": "laistaa"
}
],
"word": "truant"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.