See towkay on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ms",
"3": "tauke"
},
"expansion": "Malay tauke",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nan-hbl",
"3": "頭家",
"t": "boss",
"tr": "thâu-ke"
},
"expansion": "Hokkien 頭家／头家 (thâu-ke, “boss”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Malay tauke, from Hokkien 頭家／头家 (thâu-ke, “boss”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "towkays",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "towkay (plural towkays)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malaysian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Singapore English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hokkien translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Titles",
"orig": "en:Titles",
"parents": [
"People",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 352:",
"text": "My own experience would lead me to suggest that the Chinese immigrants should be placed under one Towkay, or head man, who would control those villages under his care.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A business owner; boss (especially a Malaysian Chinese or a Singaporean Chinese)."
],
"id": "en-towkay-en-noun-7F~oB-M2",
"links": [
[
"boss",
"boss"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Malaysia, Singapore), A business owner; boss (especially a Malaysian Chinese or a Singaporean Chinese)."
],
"tags": [
"Malaysia",
"Singapore"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "thâu-ke",
"sense": "business owner",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "头家"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "business owner",
"word": "tauke"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "business owner",
"word": "tokeh"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "business owner",
"word": "tauke"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malaysian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Singapore English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hokkien translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Term of address for such a person; sir."
],
"id": "en-towkay-en-noun-bqg9fGqH",
"links": [
[
"sir",
"sir#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Malaysia, Singapore), Term of address for such a person; sir."
],
"tags": [
"Malaysia",
"Singapore"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtaʊkeɪ/"
}
],
"word": "towkay"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Hokkien",
"English terms derived from Malay",
"English undefined derivations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of Mandarin translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Hokkien translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"en:Titles"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ms",
"3": "tauke"
},
"expansion": "Malay tauke",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nan-hbl",
"3": "頭家",
"t": "boss",
"tr": "thâu-ke"
},
"expansion": "Hokkien 頭家／头家 (thâu-ke, “boss”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Malay tauke, from Hokkien 頭家／头家 (thâu-ke, “boss”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "towkays",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "towkay (plural towkays)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Malaysian English",
"Singapore English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 352:",
"text": "My own experience would lead me to suggest that the Chinese immigrants should be placed under one Towkay, or head man, who would control those villages under his care.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A business owner; boss (especially a Malaysian Chinese or a Singaporean Chinese)."
],
"links": [
[
"boss",
"boss"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Malaysia, Singapore), A business owner; boss (especially a Malaysian Chinese or a Singaporean Chinese)."
],
"tags": [
"Malaysia",
"Singapore"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malaysian English",
"Singapore English"
],
"glosses": [
"Term of address for such a person; sir."
],
"links": [
[
"sir",
"sir#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Malaysia, Singapore), Term of address for such a person; sir."
],
"tags": [
"Malaysia",
"Singapore"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtaʊkeɪ/"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "thâu-ke",
"sense": "business owner",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "头家"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "business owner",
"word": "tauke"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "business owner",
"word": "tokeh"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "business owner",
"word": "tauke"
}
],
"word": "towkay"
}
Download raw JSONL data for towkay meaning in All languages combined (2.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.