See topolect on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for topolect meaning in All languages combined (6.0kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "topo",
"3": "lect",
"gloss1": "place",
"gloss2": "language variety"
},
"expansion": "topo- (“place”) + -lect (“[language] variety”)",
"name": "confix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "方言",
"tr": "fāngyán"
},
"expansion": "方言 (fāngyán)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dialect"
},
"expansion": "dialect",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Combination of topo- (“place”) + -lect (“[language] variety”). Attested since the 1960s, but rare until its introduction by sinologist Victor Mair in 1991 to distinguish Chinese 方言 (fāngyán) from English dialect.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "topolects",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "topolect (plural topolects)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chronolect"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dialect"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sociolinguistics",
"orig": "en:Sociolinguistics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Sociology",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: see sociolect § Coordinate terms"
},
{
"ref": "1964, University of South Florida Language Quarterly, 2, page iii",
"text": "We can then establish and name further categories by means of the word \"group\" and the prefix \"sub-\", thus obtaining SUBDIALECT (\"Untermundart\") between topolect and dialect, DIALECT GROUP (\"Mundartengruppe\") between dialect and language, SUBFAMILY (\"Unterfamilie\") between language and family,",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1985, Jewish Language Review, 5:155",
"text": "The degree to which Yahudic lects differ from coterritorial non-Jewish lects varies spatially, chronologically, stylistically, and idiolectically (for this reason it is important to study each Yahudic topolect together with its coterritorial Arabic topolect if it has one).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The speech form, variety (lect) of a particular place or region."
],
"id": "en-topolect-en-noun-dhx2FkUx",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"sociolinguistics",
"sociolinguistics"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
],
[
"variety",
"variety"
],
[
"lect",
"lect"
],
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"region",
"region"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics, sociolinguistics) The speech form, variety (lect) of a particular place or region."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "geolect"
},
{
"word": "regiolect"
},
{
"word": "regionalect"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences",
"social-science",
"sociolinguistics",
"sociology"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fāngyán",
"sense": "speech-form or lect of a particular place",
"word": "方言"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "speech-form or lect of a particular place",
"word": "paikallismurre"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "speech-form or lect of a particular place",
"word": "aluemurre"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "speech-form or lect of a particular place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "topolecte"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "speech-form or lect of a particular place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Topolekt"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"alt": "ほうげん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hōgen",
"sense": "speech-form or lect of a particular place",
"word": "方言"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bang'eon",
"sense": "speech-form or lect of a particular place",
"word": "방언"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "topolékt",
"sense": "speech-form or lect of a particular place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "тополе́кт"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "of Chinese topolects",
"roman": "fanʺjánʹ",
"sense": "speech-form or lect of a particular place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фанъя́нь"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "speech-form or lect of a particular place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "topolecto"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with topo-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -lect",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007, Samuel Cole, “Learning Putonghua as an adult: a study of four Hong Kong teachers' experiences”, in The University of Hong Kong (Thesis), archived from the original on 2018-06-02",
"text": "Imminent Chinese linguist Zhou Youguang has said that everyone’s mother tongue is a topolect, whereas China’s standard spoken language has long been the “teacher tongue.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A regional variety of Chinese; especially a lect other than Standard Mandarin."
],
"id": "en-topolect-en-noun-fPF0Rgi3",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"regional",
"regional"
],
[
"Chinese",
"Chinese"
],
[
"Standard Mandarin",
"Standard Mandarin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) A regional variety of Chinese; especially a lect other than Standard Mandarin."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fangyan"
},
{
"word": "regionalect"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "topolect"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms prefixed with topo-",
"English terms suffixed with -lect"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "topo",
"3": "lect",
"gloss1": "place",
"gloss2": "language variety"
},
"expansion": "topo- (“place”) + -lect (“[language] variety”)",
"name": "confix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "方言",
"tr": "fāngyán"
},
"expansion": "方言 (fāngyán)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dialect"
},
"expansion": "dialect",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Combination of topo- (“place”) + -lect (“[language] variety”). Attested since the 1960s, but rare until its introduction by sinologist Victor Mair in 1991 to distinguish Chinese 方言 (fāngyán) from English dialect.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "topolects",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "topolect (plural topolects)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "chronolect"
},
{
"word": "dialect"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Linguistics",
"en:Sociolinguistics"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: see sociolect § Coordinate terms"
},
{
"ref": "1964, University of South Florida Language Quarterly, 2, page iii",
"text": "We can then establish and name further categories by means of the word \"group\" and the prefix \"sub-\", thus obtaining SUBDIALECT (\"Untermundart\") between topolect and dialect, DIALECT GROUP (\"Mundartengruppe\") between dialect and language, SUBFAMILY (\"Unterfamilie\") between language and family,",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1985, Jewish Language Review, 5:155",
"text": "The degree to which Yahudic lects differ from coterritorial non-Jewish lects varies spatially, chronologically, stylistically, and idiolectically (for this reason it is important to study each Yahudic topolect together with its coterritorial Arabic topolect if it has one).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The speech form, variety (lect) of a particular place or region."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"sociolinguistics",
"sociolinguistics"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
],
[
"variety",
"variety"
],
[
"lect",
"lect"
],
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"region",
"region"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics, sociolinguistics) The speech form, variety (lect) of a particular place or region."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "geolect"
},
{
"word": "regiolect"
},
{
"word": "regionalect"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences",
"social-science",
"sociolinguistics",
"sociology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Linguistics"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007, Samuel Cole, “Learning Putonghua as an adult: a study of four Hong Kong teachers' experiences”, in The University of Hong Kong (Thesis), archived from the original on 2018-06-02",
"text": "Imminent Chinese linguist Zhou Youguang has said that everyone’s mother tongue is a topolect, whereas China’s standard spoken language has long been the “teacher tongue.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A regional variety of Chinese; especially a lect other than Standard Mandarin."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"regional",
"regional"
],
[
"Chinese",
"Chinese"
],
[
"Standard Mandarin",
"Standard Mandarin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) A regional variety of Chinese; especially a lect other than Standard Mandarin."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fangyan"
},
{
"word": "regionalect"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fāngyán",
"sense": "speech-form or lect of a particular place",
"word": "方言"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "speech-form or lect of a particular place",
"word": "paikallismurre"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "speech-form or lect of a particular place",
"word": "aluemurre"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "speech-form or lect of a particular place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "topolecte"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "speech-form or lect of a particular place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Topolekt"
},
{
"alt": "ほうげん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hōgen",
"sense": "speech-form or lect of a particular place",
"word": "方言"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bang'eon",
"sense": "speech-form or lect of a particular place",
"word": "방언"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "topolékt",
"sense": "speech-form or lect of a particular place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "тополе́кт"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "of Chinese topolects",
"roman": "fanʺjánʹ",
"sense": "speech-form or lect of a particular place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фанъя́нь"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "speech-form or lect of a particular place",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "topolecto"
}
],
"word": "topolect"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.