"tipper" meaning in All languages combined

See tipper on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈtɪpɚ/ [General-American], /ˈtɪpə(ɹ)/ [UK] Audio: En-au-tipper.ogg Forms: tippers [plural]
Rhymes: -ɪpə(ɹ) Etymology: From tip + -er. Etymology templates: {{suffix|en|tip|er}} tip + -er Head templates: {{en-noun}} tipper (plural tippers)
  1. Someone who tips; someone who gives a gratuity.
    Sense id: en-tipper-en-noun-e7gTCTI4 Categories (other): People Disambiguation of People: 36 0 0 0 33 0 31 0
  2. (slang) A small moustache. Tags: slang
    Sense id: en-tipper-en-noun-gpsNLcUI Categories (other): Moustaches Disambiguation of Moustaches: 2 29 15 2 5 14 5 28
  3. (UK) A goods vehicle with a tippable body, used for carrying loose materials such as gravel or rubble; a tipper truck, tipper lorry, or dump truck. Tags: UK Synonyms (goods vehicle): dump truck, dumper truck, tipper truck, tip truck
    Sense id: en-tipper-en-noun-8HH5WaFg Categories (other): British English, Moustaches Disambiguation of Moustaches: 2 29 15 2 5 14 5 28 Disambiguation of 'goods vehicle': 3 1 55 29 3 3 7
  4. A device for loading goods such as coal by tipping them.
    Sense id: en-tipper-en-noun-LlLZ6Lix
  5. One who gives private hints about racing or financial speculation, etc.; a tipster.
    Sense id: en-tipper-en-noun-D8YuwEfU Categories (other): People Disambiguation of People: 36 0 0 0 33 0 31 0
  6. (also in plural form) A cutting tool used to cut off or trim the horns of livestock; a horn tipper.
    Sense id: en-tipper-en-noun-JFaYeHGm Categories (other): English terms suffixed with -er, Moustaches Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -er: 9 2 25 7 10 35 12 Disambiguation of Moustaches: 2 29 15 2 5 14 5 28
  7. A person who tips or discharges a load, or dumps waste (especially illegally with the latter).
    Sense id: en-tipper-en-noun-Qfgq1jS8 Categories (other): People Disambiguation of People: 36 0 0 0 33 0 31 0
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: bin tipper, fly-tipper, flytipper, Tipper and See-Saw Time Related terms: tipping, dumpcart, dumper, tumbril
Etymology number: 1

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈtɪpɚ/ [General-American], /ˈtɪpə(ɹ)/ [UK] Audio: En-au-tipper.ogg
Rhymes: -ɪpə(ɹ) Etymology: So called from the first brewer of it, one Thomas Tipper. Head templates: {{en-noun|?}} tipper
  1. A kind of ale brewed with brackish water obtained from a particular well.
    Sense id: en-tipper-en-noun-YsToarPC Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Beer, Construction vehicles, Moustaches Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 3 5 23 2 8 23 7 29 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 4 2 22 3 9 23 7 30 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 2 1 24 1 9 24 7 32 Disambiguation of Beer: 1 0 3 1 1 2 1 91 Disambiguation of Construction vehicles: 2 4 24 3 9 16 6 36 Disambiguation of Moustaches: 2 29 15 2 5 14 5 28
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Verb [Norwegian Bokmål]

Head templates: {{head|nb|verbf}} tipper
  1. present tense of tippe Tags: form-of, present Form of: tippe

Inflected forms

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “gratuity”",
      "word": "nontipper"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bin tipper"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "fly-tipper"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "flytipper"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Tipper and See-Saw Time"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "tip",
        "3": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "tip + -er",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From tip + -er.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tippers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "tipper (plural tippers)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tipping"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dumpcart"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dumper"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tumbril"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "36 0 0 0 33 0 31 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              42,
              49
            ]
          ],
          "text": "The Americans are among the most generous tippers in the world.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Someone who tips; someone who gives a gratuity."
      ],
      "id": "en-tipper-en-noun-e7gTCTI4",
      "links": [
        [
          "tip",
          "tip"
        ],
        [
          "gratuity",
          "gratuity"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 29 15 2 5 14 5 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Moustaches",
          "orig": "en:Moustaches",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A small moustache."
      ],
      "id": "en-tipper-en-noun-gpsNLcUI",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang) A small moustache."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "slang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "British English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 29 15 2 5 14 5 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Moustaches",
          "orig": "en:Moustaches",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A goods vehicle with a tippable body, used for carrying loose materials such as gravel or rubble; a tipper truck, tipper lorry, or dump truck."
      ],
      "id": "en-tipper-en-noun-8HH5WaFg",
      "links": [
        [
          "tippable",
          "tippable"
        ],
        [
          "tipper truck",
          "tipper truck"
        ],
        [
          "tipper lorry",
          "tipper lorry"
        ],
        [
          "dump truck",
          "dump truck"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(UK) A goods vehicle with a tippable body, used for carrying loose materials such as gravel or rubble; a tipper truck, tipper lorry, or dump truck."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 55 29 3 3 7",
          "sense": "goods vehicle",
          "word": "dump truck"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 55 29 3 3 7",
          "sense": "goods vehicle",
          "word": "dumper truck"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 55 29 3 3 7",
          "sense": "goods vehicle",
          "word": "tipper truck"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 55 29 3 3 7",
          "sense": "goods vehicle",
          "word": "tip truck"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A device for loading goods such as coal by tipping them."
      ],
      "id": "en-tipper-en-noun-LlLZ6Lix",
      "links": [
        [
          "coal",
          "coal"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "36 0 0 0 33 0 31 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One who gives private hints about racing or financial speculation, etc.; a tipster."
      ],
      "id": "en-tipper-en-noun-D8YuwEfU",
      "links": [
        [
          "tipster",
          "tipster"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 2 25 7 10 35 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 29 15 2 5 14 5 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Moustaches",
          "orig": "en:Moustaches",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A cutting tool used to cut off or trim the horns of livestock; a horn tipper."
      ],
      "id": "en-tipper-en-noun-JFaYeHGm",
      "links": [
        [
          "tool",
          "tool"
        ],
        [
          "horn",
          "horn"
        ],
        [
          "livestock",
          "livestock"
        ],
        [
          "horn tipper",
          "horn tipper"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "also in plural form",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(also in plural form) A cutting tool used to cut off or trim the horns of livestock; a horn tipper."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "36 0 0 0 33 0 31 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              70,
              77
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1945 January and February, T. F. Cameron, “Dock Working”, in Railway Magazine, page 11:",
          "text": "The staff discharging the coal from the wagons is known as teemers or tippers; they are employed by the dock-owners.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A person who tips or discharges a load, or dumps waste (especially illegally with the latter)."
      ],
      "id": "en-tipper-en-noun-Qfgq1jS8"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtɪpɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtɪpə(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-au-tipper.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-au-tipper.ogg/En-au-tipper.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-au-tipper.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪpə(ɹ)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "tipper"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_text": "So called from the first brewer of it, one Thomas Tipper.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "?"
      },
      "expansion": "tipper",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 5 23 2 8 23 7 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 2 22 3 9 23 7 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 1 24 1 9 24 7 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 0 3 1 1 2 1 91",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Beer",
          "orig": "en:Beer",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 4 24 3 9 16 6 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Construction vehicles",
          "orig": "en:Construction vehicles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 29 15 2 5 14 5 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Moustaches",
          "orig": "en:Moustaches",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              61,
              67
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1842 December – 1844 July, Charles Dickens, The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1844, →OCLC:",
          "text": "a pint of the celebrated staggering ale or Real Old Brighton Tipper at supper",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A kind of ale brewed with brackish water obtained from a particular well."
      ],
      "id": "en-tipper-en-noun-YsToarPC",
      "links": [
        [
          "ale",
          "ale"
        ],
        [
          "brackish",
          "brackish"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtɪpɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtɪpə(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-au-tipper.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-au-tipper.ogg/En-au-tipper.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-au-tipper.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪpə(ɹ)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "tipper"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "verbf"
      },
      "expansion": "tipper",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
  "lang_code": "nb",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "tippe"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "present tense of tippe"
      ],
      "id": "en-tipper-nb-verb-PxaWPKp~",
      "links": [
        [
          "tippe",
          "tippe#Norwegian_Bokmål"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "present"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "tipper"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “gratuity”",
      "word": "nontipper"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "English agent nouns",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English eponyms",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with unknown or uncertain plurals",
    "English terms suffixed with -er",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪpə(ɹ)",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪpə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
    "en:Beer",
    "en:Construction vehicles",
    "en:Moustaches",
    "en:People"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "bin tipper"
    },
    {
      "word": "fly-tipper"
    },
    {
      "word": "flytipper"
    },
    {
      "word": "Tipper and See-Saw Time"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "tip",
        "3": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "tip + -er",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From tip + -er.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tippers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "tipper (plural tippers)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "tipping"
    },
    {
      "word": "dumpcart"
    },
    {
      "word": "dumper"
    },
    {
      "word": "tumbril"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              42,
              49
            ]
          ],
          "text": "The Americans are among the most generous tippers in the world.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Someone who tips; someone who gives a gratuity."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tip",
          "tip"
        ],
        [
          "gratuity",
          "gratuity"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English slang"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A small moustache."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang) A small moustache."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "slang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "British English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A goods vehicle with a tippable body, used for carrying loose materials such as gravel or rubble; a tipper truck, tipper lorry, or dump truck."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tippable",
          "tippable"
        ],
        [
          "tipper truck",
          "tipper truck"
        ],
        [
          "tipper lorry",
          "tipper lorry"
        ],
        [
          "dump truck",
          "dump truck"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(UK) A goods vehicle with a tippable body, used for carrying loose materials such as gravel or rubble; a tipper truck, tipper lorry, or dump truck."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A device for loading goods such as coal by tipping them."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "coal",
          "coal"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "One who gives private hints about racing or financial speculation, etc.; a tipster."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tipster",
          "tipster"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A cutting tool used to cut off or trim the horns of livestock; a horn tipper."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tool",
          "tool"
        ],
        [
          "horn",
          "horn"
        ],
        [
          "livestock",
          "livestock"
        ],
        [
          "horn tipper",
          "horn tipper"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "also in plural form",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(also in plural form) A cutting tool used to cut off or trim the horns of livestock; a horn tipper."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              70,
              77
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1945 January and February, T. F. Cameron, “Dock Working”, in Railway Magazine, page 11:",
          "text": "The staff discharging the coal from the wagons is known as teemers or tippers; they are employed by the dock-owners.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A person who tips or discharges a load, or dumps waste (especially illegally with the latter)."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtɪpɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtɪpə(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-au-tipper.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-au-tipper.ogg/En-au-tipper.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-au-tipper.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪpə(ɹ)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "goods vehicle",
      "word": "dump truck"
    },
    {
      "sense": "goods vehicle",
      "word": "dumper truck"
    },
    {
      "sense": "goods vehicle",
      "word": "tipper truck"
    },
    {
      "sense": "goods vehicle",
      "word": "tip truck"
    }
  ],
  "word": "tipper"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English agent nouns",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English eponyms",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with unknown or uncertain plurals",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪpə(ɹ)",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪpə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
    "en:Beer",
    "en:Construction vehicles",
    "en:Moustaches",
    "en:People"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_text": "So called from the first brewer of it, one Thomas Tipper.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "?"
      },
      "expansion": "tipper",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              61,
              67
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1842 December – 1844 July, Charles Dickens, The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1844, →OCLC:",
          "text": "a pint of the celebrated staggering ale or Real Old Brighton Tipper at supper",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A kind of ale brewed with brackish water obtained from a particular well."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ale",
          "ale"
        ],
        [
          "brackish",
          "brackish"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtɪpɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtɪpə(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-au-tipper.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-au-tipper.ogg/En-au-tipper.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-au-tipper.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪpə(ɹ)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "tipper"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "verbf"
      },
      "expansion": "tipper",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
  "lang_code": "nb",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
        "Norwegian Bokmål non-lemma forms",
        "Norwegian Bokmål verb forms",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "tippe"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "present tense of tippe"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tippe",
          "tippe#Norwegian_Bokmål"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "present"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "tipper"
}

Download raw JSONL data for tipper meaning in All languages combined (5.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (887c61b and 3d4dee6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.