See tāĺ on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-ogr",
"2": "*tāl"
},
"expansion": "Oghur: *tāl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oghur: *tāl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv-old",
"2": "*ti̯ål"
},
"expansion": "Old Chuvash: *ti̯ål",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Chuvash: *ti̯ål"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv-mid",
"2": "*čål"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chuvash: *čål",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Chuvash: *čål"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "чул"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash: чул (čul)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chuvash: чул (čul)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv-vir",
"2": "чол"
},
"expansion": "Viryal: чол (čol)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Viryal: чол (čol)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv-ana",
"2": "чул"
},
"expansion": "Anatri: чул (čul)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Anatri: чул (čul)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"alt": "*čïla-",
"bor": "1",
"pos": "an unknown verb",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Mongolic: *čïla- (an unknown verb)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Mongolic: *čïla- (an unknown verb) > *čïlaxun (“stone”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "чулуу"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian: чулуу (čuluu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongolian: чулуу (čuluu)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh-fyu",
"2": "",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "čʰolo"
},
"expansion": "→ Fuyu Kyrgyz: [script needed] (čʰolo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Fuyu Kyrgyz: [script needed] (čʰolo)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-cmn",
"2": "*tāš"
},
"expansion": "Common Turkic: *tāš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Common Turkic: *tāš"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klj-arg"
},
"expansion": "Arghu:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Arghu:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "tâaş"
},
"expansion": "Khalaj: tâaş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khalaj: tâaş"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-ogz"
},
"expansion": "Oghuz:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "daş"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: daş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: daş"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "طاش",
"tr": "taş"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: طاش (taş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: طاش (taş)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "taş"
},
"expansion": "Gagauz: taş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gagauz: taş"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "taş"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: taş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: taş"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slr",
"2": "daş"
},
"expansion": "Salar: daş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Salar: daş"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "daş",
"alt": "dāş"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: dāş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: dāş"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-kar"
},
"expansion": "Karluk:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "تاشْ",
"tr": "tāš"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: تاشْ (tāš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: تاشْ (tāš)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zkh",
"2": "تشْ",
"tr": "taš"
},
"expansion": "Khorezmian Turkic: تشْ (taš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khorezmian Turkic: تشْ (taš)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"2": "تاش",
"tr": "taš"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai: تاش (taš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai: تاش (taš)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "تاش"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: تاش (tash)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: تاش (tash)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ili",
"2": "taş"
},
"expansion": "Ili Turki: taş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ili Turki: taş"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "tosh"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: tosh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: tosh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-kip"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qwm",
"2": "tas",
"tr": "tāš"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak: tas (tāš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kipchak: tas (tāš) (Codex Cumanicus)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qwm-mam",
"2": "تاش",
"3": "طاش",
"tr": "tāš",
"tr2": "ṭāš"
},
"expansion": "Mamluk-Kipchak: تاش (tāš), طاش (ṭāš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mamluk-Kipchak: تاش (tāš), طاش (ṭāš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-kbu"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak-Bulgar:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kipchak-Bulgar:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "таш"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: таш (taş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: таш (taş)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tatar:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "таш",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: таш (taş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: таш (taş)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "taş",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: taş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: taş"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-kcu"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak-Cuman:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kipchak-Cuman:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "taş"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar: taş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Tatar: taş"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": "таш"
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar: таш (taş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karachay-Balkar: таш (taş)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kdr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karaim:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karaim:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kdr",
"2": "таш",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: таш",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: таш"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kdr",
"2": "taš",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: taš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: taš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "таш"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk: таш (taş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kumyk: таш (taş)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uum",
"2": "таш",
"3": "даш",
"tr": "taš",
"tr2": "daš"
},
"expansion": "Urum: таш (taš), даш (daš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Urum: таш (taš), даш (daš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-kno"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak-Nogai:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kipchak-Nogai:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakalpak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "tas",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: tas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: tas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "тас",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: тас",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: тас"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "тас"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: тас (tas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: тас (tas)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": "тас"
},
"expansion": "Nogai: тас (tas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nogai: тас (tas)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-kkp"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "таш"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: таш (taş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: таш (taş)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "таш"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: таш (taš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: таш (taš)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-sib"
},
"expansion": "Siberian Turkic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Siberian Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "𐱃𐱁",
"tr": "taš"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic: 𐱃𐱁 (taš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Turkic: 𐱃𐱁 (taš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk-kir",
"2": "𐱄𐰗𐱀",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Kirghiz: 𐱄𐰗𐱀 (t¹y¹š)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Kirghiz: 𐱄𐰗𐱀 (t¹y¹š) (Scribal error, should be 𐱄𐱀* (t¹š); found in Qara-bulun I (e-65) Inscription https://bitig.kz/show_big.php?fn=sizes/2894.gif)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾅",
"tr": "taš"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾅 (taš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾅 (taš)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"2": "das",
"3": "dahs"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur: das, dahs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Yugur: das, dahs"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-nsb"
},
"expansion": "North Siberian Turkic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Siberian Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlg",
"2": "таас",
"tr": "taas"
},
"expansion": "Dolgan: таас (taas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dolgan: таас (taas)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "таас"
},
"expansion": "Yakut: таас (taas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakut: таас (taas)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-ssb"
},
"expansion": "South Siberian Turkic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "South Siberian Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "тас"
},
"expansion": "Khakas: тас (tas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khakas: тас (tas)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh-fyu",
"2": "",
"tr": "daš"
},
"expansion": "Fuyu Kyrgyz: [script needed] (daš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Fuyu Kyrgyz: [script needed] (daš)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": "таш"
},
"expansion": "Shor: таш",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shor: таш"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "atv",
"2": "таш"
},
"expansion": "Northern Altai: таш (taš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Altai: таш (taš)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kim",
"2": "даш",
"tr": "daş"
},
"expansion": "Tofa: даш (daş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tofa: даш (daş)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "даш"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan: даш (daş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuvan: даш (daş)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Soyot: даш (daş)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tuha: дааш (daaş)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-sou",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Southern Mongolic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Southern Mongolic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yuy",
"2": "tash"
},
"expansion": "East Yugur: tash",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "East Yugur: tash"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-shr"
},
"expansion": "Shirongolic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shirongolic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peh",
"2": "tasri"
},
"expansion": "Bonan: tasri",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bonan: tasri"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sce",
"2": "tashi"
},
"expansion": "Dongxiang: tashi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dongxiang: tashi"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kxs",
"2": "txashi"
},
"expansion": "Kangjia: txashi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kangjia: txashi"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mjg"
},
"expansion": "Monguor:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Monguor:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mjg-mgr",
"2": "tashi"
},
"expansion": "Mangghuer: tashi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mangghuer: tashi"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mjg-mgl",
"2": "taashi"
},
"expansion": "Mongghul: taashi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongghul: taashi"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "чулуу",
"t": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian чулуу (čuluu, “stone”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "돌",
"t": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Korean 돌 (dol, “stone”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*čïlaxun"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *čïlaxun",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn-kha",
"2": "яилагун"
},
"expansion": "Khalkha Mongolian яилагун (jailagun)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bua",
"2": "шулуун"
},
"expansion": "Buryat шулуун (šuluun)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xal",
"2": "чолун"
},
"expansion": "Kalmyk чолун (çolun)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*ʒola",
"t": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *ʒola (“stone”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "evn",
"2": "дёло"
},
"expansion": "Evenki дёло (ʒolo)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "*esoi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *esoi",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "石",
"tr": "ishi"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 石 (ishi)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Possibly onomatopoeic.\nEtymological links to other \"Altaic Languages\", especially with Mongolian чулуу (čuluu, “stone”) and Korean 돌 (dol, “stone”) have been proposed by several authors, giving Chuvash чул (čul) as evidence. However, Turkic, Mongolic and Koreanic words for stone are most likely not related.\nDoerfer (1965) presents the potential problems with problems with Poppe's (1927) and Räsänen's (1949) proposals that give way to a Mongolic cognate. He adds at the end that Proto-Mongolic *čïlaxun (earlier *čïlapun, which would point to a verb instead) may simply be an ancient loanword from Proto-Turkic, rather than a cognate. Vovin (2005) seconds this, giving that while a relation between Mongolic *čïlapun and Turkic *tāĺ definitely exists, it is most likely a loaning into Mongolic, rather than of shared inheritance.\n* In his book, Yegorov (1964) traces back the Chuvash чул (čul) to Khalkha Mongolian яилагун (jailagun) and чулун (čulun), Buryat шулуун (šuluun) and Kalmyk чолун (çolun) (cf. теермин чолун (teermin çolun, “millstone”), as given by his entry).\n* In their rebuttal against Vovin, Dybo and Starostin (2008) reposit that basic vocabulary like 'stone' are usually not loaned into other languages, and when they do, it is often the result of heavy contact. Following this line of thought, they suppose that any Bulgar-Proto-Mongolic contact would be limited at best, and even so, add that \"this gives [Proto-Mongolic] a very small amount of time to make *čilaɣu out of [Bulgar] *čol or *čul.\"\nRäsänen (1969) also compares Koreanic *tol (< *tal) (cf. 돌 (dol)), following Ramstedt (1952-1957), which is also called into doubt by Vovin (2005), giving accentological and historical data to support his contrary claim.\nAltaicists compare this word with the ones above, but also with Proto-Tungusic *ʒola (“stone”) (cf. Evenki дёло (ʒolo)) and Proto-Japonic *esoi (actually *(d)isi, according to the authors; cf. Japanese 石 (ishi).) Needless to say, such comparisons are not accepted by mainstream comparative linguistics.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "trk-pro-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tāĺ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tāĺïg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tāĺnï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tāĺnïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tāĺka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tāĺta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tāĺtan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tāĺgaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tāĺïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tāĺča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tāĺlayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tāĺlïgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*tāĺ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a"
},
"name": "trk-pro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tāĺ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ili Turki terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkmen links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stone"
],
"id": "en-tāĺ-trk-pro-noun-3D1Q2o2s",
"links": [
[
"stone",
"stone"
]
],
"related": [
{
"topics": [
"stone",
"masonry",
"construction",
"manufacturing",
"business"
],
"word": "tiāĺ"
},
{
"sense": "iron",
"word": "temür"
},
{
"sense": "silver",
"word": "kümüĺ"
},
{
"sense": "gold",
"word": "altun"
},
{
"sense": "copper",
"word": "bakïr"
},
{
"sense": "chalk or earth",
"word": "bōr"
},
{
"sense": "coal",
"word": "kömür"
},
{
"sense": "salt",
"word": "tūŕ"
},
{
"sense": "lead",
"word": "korguĺčïn"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Alexander Vovin",
"Altaic Languages",
"Anna Dybo",
"Codex Cumanicus",
"Georgiy_Starostin",
"Gerhard Doerfer",
"Gustaf_John_Ramstedt",
"Martti Räsänen",
"Nicholas Poppe",
"cv:Егоров Василий Георгиевич"
]
}
],
"word": "tāĺ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-ogr",
"2": "*tāl"
},
"expansion": "Oghur: *tāl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oghur: *tāl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv-old",
"2": "*ti̯ål"
},
"expansion": "Old Chuvash: *ti̯ål",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Chuvash: *ti̯ål"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv-mid",
"2": "*čål"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chuvash: *čål",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Chuvash: *čål"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "чул"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash: чул (čul)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chuvash: чул (čul)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv-vir",
"2": "чол"
},
"expansion": "Viryal: чол (čol)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Viryal: чол (čol)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv-ana",
"2": "чул"
},
"expansion": "Anatri: чул (čul)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Anatri: чул (čul)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"alt": "*čïla-",
"bor": "1",
"pos": "an unknown verb",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Mongolic: *čïla- (an unknown verb)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Mongolic: *čïla- (an unknown verb) > *čïlaxun (“stone”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "чулуу"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian: чулуу (čuluu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongolian: чулуу (čuluu)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh-fyu",
"2": "",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "čʰolo"
},
"expansion": "→ Fuyu Kyrgyz: [script needed] (čʰolo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Fuyu Kyrgyz: [script needed] (čʰolo)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-cmn",
"2": "*tāš"
},
"expansion": "Common Turkic: *tāš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Common Turkic: *tāš"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klj-arg"
},
"expansion": "Arghu:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Arghu:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "tâaş"
},
"expansion": "Khalaj: tâaş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khalaj: tâaş"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-ogz"
},
"expansion": "Oghuz:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "daş"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: daş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: daş"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "طاش",
"tr": "taş"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: طاش (taş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: طاش (taş)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "taş"
},
"expansion": "Gagauz: taş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gagauz: taş"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "taş"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: taş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: taş"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slr",
"2": "daş"
},
"expansion": "Salar: daş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Salar: daş"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "daş",
"alt": "dāş"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: dāş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: dāş"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-kar"
},
"expansion": "Karluk:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "تاشْ",
"tr": "tāš"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: تاشْ (tāš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: تاشْ (tāš)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zkh",
"2": "تشْ",
"tr": "taš"
},
"expansion": "Khorezmian Turkic: تشْ (taš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khorezmian Turkic: تشْ (taš)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"2": "تاش",
"tr": "taš"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai: تاش (taš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai: تاش (taš)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "تاش"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: تاش (tash)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: تاش (tash)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ili",
"2": "taş"
},
"expansion": "Ili Turki: taş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ili Turki: taş"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "tosh"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: tosh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: tosh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-kip"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qwm",
"2": "tas",
"tr": "tāš"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak: tas (tāš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kipchak: tas (tāš) (Codex Cumanicus)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qwm-mam",
"2": "تاش",
"3": "طاش",
"tr": "tāš",
"tr2": "ṭāš"
},
"expansion": "Mamluk-Kipchak: تاش (tāš), طاش (ṭāš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mamluk-Kipchak: تاش (tāš), طاش (ṭāš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-kbu"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak-Bulgar:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kipchak-Bulgar:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "таш"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: таш (taş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: таш (taş)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tatar:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "таш",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: таш (taş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: таш (taş)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "taş",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: taş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: taş"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-kcu"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak-Cuman:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kipchak-Cuman:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "taş"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar: taş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Tatar: taş"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": "таш"
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar: таш (taş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karachay-Balkar: таш (taş)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kdr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karaim:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karaim:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kdr",
"2": "таш",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: таш",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: таш"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kdr",
"2": "taš",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: taš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: taš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "таш"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk: таш (taş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kumyk: таш (taş)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uum",
"2": "таш",
"3": "даш",
"tr": "taš",
"tr2": "daš"
},
"expansion": "Urum: таш (taš), даш (daš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Urum: таш (taš), даш (daš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-kno"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak-Nogai:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kipchak-Nogai:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakalpak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "tas",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: tas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: tas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "тас",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: тас",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: тас"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "тас"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: тас (tas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: тас (tas)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": "тас"
},
"expansion": "Nogai: тас (tas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nogai: тас (tas)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-kkp"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "таш"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: таш (taş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: таш (taş)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "таш"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: таш (taš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: таш (taš)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-sib"
},
"expansion": "Siberian Turkic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Siberian Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "𐱃𐱁",
"tr": "taš"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic: 𐱃𐱁 (taš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Turkic: 𐱃𐱁 (taš)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk-kir",
"2": "𐱄𐰗𐱀",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Kirghiz: 𐱄𐰗𐱀 (t¹y¹š)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Kirghiz: 𐱄𐰗𐱀 (t¹y¹š) (Scribal error, should be 𐱄𐱀* (t¹š); found in Qara-bulun I (e-65) Inscription https://bitig.kz/show_big.php?fn=sizes/2894.gif)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾅",
"tr": "taš"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾅 (taš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾅 (taš)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"2": "das",
"3": "dahs"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur: das, dahs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Yugur: das, dahs"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-nsb"
},
"expansion": "North Siberian Turkic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Siberian Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlg",
"2": "таас",
"tr": "taas"
},
"expansion": "Dolgan: таас (taas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dolgan: таас (taas)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "таас"
},
"expansion": "Yakut: таас (taas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakut: таас (taas)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-ssb"
},
"expansion": "South Siberian Turkic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "South Siberian Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "тас"
},
"expansion": "Khakas: тас (tas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khakas: тас (tas)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh-fyu",
"2": "",
"tr": "daš"
},
"expansion": "Fuyu Kyrgyz: [script needed] (daš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Fuyu Kyrgyz: [script needed] (daš)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": "таш"
},
"expansion": "Shor: таш",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shor: таш"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "atv",
"2": "таш"
},
"expansion": "Northern Altai: таш (taš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Altai: таш (taš)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kim",
"2": "даш",
"tr": "daş"
},
"expansion": "Tofa: даш (daş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tofa: даш (daş)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "даш"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan: даш (daş)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuvan: даш (daş)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Soyot: даш (daş)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tuha: дааш (daaş)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-sou",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Southern Mongolic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Southern Mongolic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yuy",
"2": "tash"
},
"expansion": "East Yugur: tash",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "East Yugur: tash"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-shr"
},
"expansion": "Shirongolic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shirongolic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peh",
"2": "tasri"
},
"expansion": "Bonan: tasri",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bonan: tasri"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sce",
"2": "tashi"
},
"expansion": "Dongxiang: tashi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dongxiang: tashi"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kxs",
"2": "txashi"
},
"expansion": "Kangjia: txashi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kangjia: txashi"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mjg"
},
"expansion": "Monguor:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Monguor:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mjg-mgr",
"2": "tashi"
},
"expansion": "Mangghuer: tashi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mangghuer: tashi"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mjg-mgl",
"2": "taashi"
},
"expansion": "Mongghul: taashi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongghul: taashi"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "чулуу",
"t": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian чулуу (čuluu, “stone”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "돌",
"t": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Korean 돌 (dol, “stone”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*čïlaxun"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *čïlaxun",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn-kha",
"2": "яилагун"
},
"expansion": "Khalkha Mongolian яилагун (jailagun)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bua",
"2": "шулуун"
},
"expansion": "Buryat шулуун (šuluun)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xal",
"2": "чолун"
},
"expansion": "Kalmyk чолун (çolun)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*ʒola",
"t": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *ʒola (“stone”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "evn",
"2": "дёло"
},
"expansion": "Evenki дёло (ʒolo)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "*esoi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *esoi",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "石",
"tr": "ishi"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 石 (ishi)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Possibly onomatopoeic.\nEtymological links to other \"Altaic Languages\", especially with Mongolian чулуу (čuluu, “stone”) and Korean 돌 (dol, “stone”) have been proposed by several authors, giving Chuvash чул (čul) as evidence. However, Turkic, Mongolic and Koreanic words for stone are most likely not related.\nDoerfer (1965) presents the potential problems with problems with Poppe's (1927) and Räsänen's (1949) proposals that give way to a Mongolic cognate. He adds at the end that Proto-Mongolic *čïlaxun (earlier *čïlapun, which would point to a verb instead) may simply be an ancient loanword from Proto-Turkic, rather than a cognate. Vovin (2005) seconds this, giving that while a relation between Mongolic *čïlapun and Turkic *tāĺ definitely exists, it is most likely a loaning into Mongolic, rather than of shared inheritance.\n* In his book, Yegorov (1964) traces back the Chuvash чул (čul) to Khalkha Mongolian яилагун (jailagun) and чулун (čulun), Buryat шулуун (šuluun) and Kalmyk чолун (çolun) (cf. теермин чолун (teermin çolun, “millstone”), as given by his entry).\n* In their rebuttal against Vovin, Dybo and Starostin (2008) reposit that basic vocabulary like 'stone' are usually not loaned into other languages, and when they do, it is often the result of heavy contact. Following this line of thought, they suppose that any Bulgar-Proto-Mongolic contact would be limited at best, and even so, add that \"this gives [Proto-Mongolic] a very small amount of time to make *čilaɣu out of [Bulgar] *čol or *čul.\"\nRäsänen (1969) also compares Koreanic *tol (< *tal) (cf. 돌 (dol)), following Ramstedt (1952-1957), which is also called into doubt by Vovin (2005), giving accentological and historical data to support his contrary claim.\nAltaicists compare this word with the ones above, but also with Proto-Tungusic *ʒola (“stone”) (cf. Evenki дёло (ʒolo)) and Proto-Japonic *esoi (actually *(d)isi, according to the authors; cf. Japanese 石 (ishi).) Needless to say, such comparisons are not accepted by mainstream comparative linguistics.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "trk-pro-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tāĺ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tāĺïg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tāĺnï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tāĺnïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tāĺka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tāĺta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tāĺtan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tāĺgaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tāĺïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tāĺča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tāĺlayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tāĺlïgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*tāĺ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a"
},
"name": "trk-pro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tāĺ",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"topics": [
"stone",
"masonry",
"construction",
"manufacturing",
"business"
],
"word": "tiāĺ"
},
{
"sense": "iron",
"word": "temür"
},
{
"sense": "silver",
"word": "kümüĺ"
},
{
"sense": "gold",
"word": "altun"
},
{
"sense": "copper",
"word": "bakïr"
},
{
"sense": "chalk or earth",
"word": "bōr"
},
{
"sense": "coal",
"word": "kömür"
},
{
"sense": "salt",
"word": "tūŕ"
},
{
"sense": "lead",
"word": "korguĺčïn"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ili Turki terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic nouns",
"Proto-Turkic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Requests for native script for Fuyu Kyrgyz terms",
"Turkmen links with redundant target parameters",
"trk-pro:Rocks"
],
"glosses": [
"stone"
],
"links": [
[
"stone",
"stone"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Alexander Vovin",
"Altaic Languages",
"Anna Dybo",
"Codex Cumanicus",
"Georgiy_Starostin",
"Gerhard Doerfer",
"Gustaf_John_Ramstedt",
"Martti Räsänen",
"Nicholas Poppe",
"cv:Егоров Василий Георгиевич"
]
}
],
"word": "tāĺ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tāĺ meaning in All languages combined (17.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d49d402 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.