See standan on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "romanization",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "standan",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "standan",
"name": "got-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gothic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gothic romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽"
],
"id": "en-standan-got-romanization-B0pGGUFR",
"links": [
[
"𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽",
"𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽#Gothic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "standan"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ætstandan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "āgenstandan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "āstandan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bestandan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "forestandan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "forstandan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ġestandan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "oferstandan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ofstandan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ōþstandan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "understandan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "wiþstandan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ymbstandan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stonden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: stonden, stande, standen, stonde\nEnglish: stand\n→ Ido: standar\n→ Norman: stanner, sténer\nSranan Tongo: tan\nMiddle Scots: stand\nScots: staund, staand, stan, stand, staun, stawn\nYola: sthoane, sthone, sthoan, stoane",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: stonden, stande, standen, stonde\nEnglish: stand\n→ Ido: standar\n→ Norman: stanner, sténer\nSranan Tongo: tan\nMiddle Scots: stand\nScots: staund, staand, stan, stand, staun, stawn\nYola: sthoane, sthone, sthoan, stoane"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*standan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *standan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*standaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *standaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "stonda"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian stonda",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "standan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon standan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "stantan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German stantan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "standa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse standa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (standan)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "stare"
},
"expansion": "Latin stare",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἵστημι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἵστημι (hístēmi)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *standan, from Proto-Germanic *standaną, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-.\nCognate with Old Frisian stonda, Old Saxon standan, Old High German stantan, Old Norse standa, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (standan). The Germanic source is cognate with Latin stare and Ancient Greek ἵστημι (hístēmi).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "6",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "standan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "standenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stande",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stenst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stentst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stōd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "standaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stōdon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stande",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "standen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stōden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stand",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "standaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "standende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "standen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġestanden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stondan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "standan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "standan<s6>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"english": "The town stood by the sea.",
"text": "Sēo burg stōd bī þǣre sǣ.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
77,
83
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
83,
90
]
],
"english": "A wise man must understand how spiritual it is\nwhen all wealth of this world stands empty;",
"ref": "10th century, The Wanderer:",
"text": "Onġietan sċeal glēaw hæle · hū gǣstlīċ bið,\nþonne ealle þisse worulde wela · wēste stondeð;",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to stand"
],
"id": "en-standan-ang-verb-M5TgKh6g",
"links": [
[
"stand",
"stand"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The southwestern limit of Europe is in Hispania at the western ocean, and the westernmost part is at the island known as Gades, where the Mediterranean flows into the ocean and where the Pillars of Hercules stand.",
"text": "late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans\nSē westsūþende Europe landġemirce is in Ispania westeweardum et ðǣm garseċġe, and mǣst æt þǣm iġlande, þætte Gaðes hātte, þǣr scīet sē Wendelsǣ up of þǣm garseċġe; þǣr ēac Ercoles sȳla standað.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be positioned, located"
],
"id": "en-standan-ang-verb-IR2YRTCf",
"links": [
[
"positioned",
"positioned"
],
[
"located",
"located"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɑn.dɑn/"
}
],
"word": "standan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "standen",
"3": "*stenden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: standen, *stenden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: standen, *stenden (attested in imperative stant)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "*bîstanden",
"3": "bîstenden",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: *bîstanden, bîstenden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: *bîstanden, bîstenden"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "entweistanden",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: entweistanden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: entweistanden"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "standinge",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: standinge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: standinge"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "ümmestanden",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: ümmestanden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: ümmestanden"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "understanden",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: understanden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: understanden"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "upstanden",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: upstanden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: upstanden"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "vörstenden",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: vörstenden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: vörstenden"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "wedderstanden",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: wedderstanden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: wedderstanden"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*standan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *standan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*standaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *standaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *standan, from Proto-Germanic *standaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "6",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "standan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "standu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stendis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōdi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stendid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stōd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "standad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stōdun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stande",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōdi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "standes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōdis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stande",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stōdi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "standen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stōdin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stand",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "standandi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gistandan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "standan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "standan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stand",
"2": "stand",
"3": "stōd",
"4": "stōd",
"5": "stand",
"class": "6",
"irr": "1",
"mutstem": "stend"
},
"name": "osx-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "afstandan"
},
{
"word": "andstandan"
},
{
"word": "anstandan"
},
{
"word": "astandan"
},
{
"word": "*bistandan"
},
{
"word": "farstandan"
},
{
"word": "gistandan"
},
{
"word": "uppstandan"
},
{
"word": "witharstandan"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to stand"
],
"id": "en-standan-osx-verb-M5TgKh6g",
"links": [
[
"stand",
"stand"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "stān"
}
]
}
],
"word": "standan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "standan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: standan, stondan\nMiddle English: stonden, stande, standen, stonde\nEnglish: stand\n→ Ido: standar\n→ Norman: stanner, sténer\nSranan Tongo: tan\nMiddle Scots: stand\nScots: staund, staand, stan, stand, staun, stawn\nYola: sthoane, sthone, sthoan, stoane",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: standan, stondan\nMiddle English: stonden, stande, standen, stonde\nEnglish: stand\n→ Ido: standar\n→ Norman: stanner, sténer\nSranan Tongo: tan\nMiddle Scots: stand\nScots: staund, staand, stan, stand, staun, stawn\nYola: sthoane, sthone, sthoan, stoane"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "standa"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: standa, stonda\nNorth Frisian: stun, stuun, stönje\nSaterland Frisian: stounde",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: standa, stonda\nNorth Frisian: stun, stuun, stönje\nSaterland Frisian: stounde"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "standan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: standan\nMiddle Low German: standen, *stenden (attested in imperative stant)\n⇒ Middle Low German: *bîstanden, bîstenden\n⇒ Middle Low German: entweistanden\n⇒ Middle Low German: standinge\n⇒ Middle Low German: ümmestanden\n⇒ Middle Low German: understanden\n⇒ Middle Low German: upstanden\n⇒ Middle Low German: vörstenden\n⇒ Middle Low German: wedderstanden",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: standan\nMiddle Low German: standen, *stenden (attested in imperative stant)\n⇒ Middle Low German: *bîstanden, bîstenden\n⇒ Middle Low German: entweistanden\n⇒ Middle Low German: standinge\n⇒ Middle Low German: ümmestanden\n⇒ Middle Low German: understanden\n⇒ Middle Low German: upstanden\n⇒ Middle Low German: vörstenden\n⇒ Middle Low German: wedderstanden"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*standan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *standan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *standan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "standen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: standen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: standen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "standen",
"qq": "archaic or dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: standen (archaic or dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: standen (archaic or dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "stantan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: stantan, standan\nMiddle High German: standen\nGerman: standen (dialectal)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: stantan, standan\nMiddle High German: standen\nGerman: standen (dialectal)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*standaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *standaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *standaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "standan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "standannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "standannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "standannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "standu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōnd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "standiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "standidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stōnd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "standum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stōndum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "standid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stōndud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "standand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stōndun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "standē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "standēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "standē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stōndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "standēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stōndīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "standēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stōndīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "standēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stōndīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "standid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "standandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "standan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*standan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"class": "6"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/standan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "frastandan"
},
{
"word": "standā"
},
{
"word": "standannassī"
},
{
"word": "undarstandan"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to stand"
],
"id": "en-standan-gmw-pro-verb-M5TgKh6g",
"links": [
[
"stand",
"stand"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "standan"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "romanization",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "standan",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "standan",
"name": "got-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽"
}
],
"categories": [
"Gothic entries with incorrect language header",
"Gothic non-lemma forms",
"Gothic romanizations",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽"
],
"links": [
[
"𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽",
"𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽#Gothic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "standan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 6 strong verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ætstandan"
},
{
"word": "āgenstandan"
},
{
"word": "āstandan"
},
{
"word": "bestandan"
},
{
"word": "forestandan"
},
{
"word": "forstandan"
},
{
"word": "ġestandan"
},
{
"word": "oferstandan"
},
{
"word": "ofstandan"
},
{
"word": "ōþstandan"
},
{
"word": "understandan"
},
{
"word": "wiþstandan"
},
{
"word": "ymbstandan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stonden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: stonden, stande, standen, stonde\nEnglish: stand\n→ Ido: standar\n→ Norman: stanner, sténer\nSranan Tongo: tan\nMiddle Scots: stand\nScots: staund, staand, stan, stand, staun, stawn\nYola: sthoane, sthone, sthoan, stoane",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: stonden, stande, standen, stonde\nEnglish: stand\n→ Ido: standar\n→ Norman: stanner, sténer\nSranan Tongo: tan\nMiddle Scots: stand\nScots: staund, staand, stan, stand, staun, stawn\nYola: sthoane, sthone, sthoan, stoane"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*standan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *standan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*standaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *standaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "stonda"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian stonda",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "standan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon standan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "stantan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German stantan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "standa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse standa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (standan)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "stare"
},
"expansion": "Latin stare",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἵστημι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἵστημι (hístēmi)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *standan, from Proto-Germanic *standaną, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-.\nCognate with Old Frisian stonda, Old Saxon standan, Old High German stantan, Old Norse standa, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (standan). The Germanic source is cognate with Latin stare and Ancient Greek ἵστημι (hístēmi).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "6",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "standan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "standenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stande",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stenst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stentst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stōd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "standaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stōdon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stande",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "standen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stōden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stand",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "standaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "standende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "standen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġestanden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stondan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "standan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "standan<s6>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations",
"Old English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"english": "The town stood by the sea.",
"text": "Sēo burg stōd bī þǣre sǣ.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
77,
83
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
83,
90
]
],
"english": "A wise man must understand how spiritual it is\nwhen all wealth of this world stands empty;",
"ref": "10th century, The Wanderer:",
"text": "Onġietan sċeal glēaw hæle · hū gǣstlīċ bið,\nþonne ealle þisse worulde wela · wēste stondeð;",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to stand"
],
"links": [
[
"stand",
"stand"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The southwestern limit of Europe is in Hispania at the western ocean, and the westernmost part is at the island known as Gades, where the Mediterranean flows into the ocean and where the Pillars of Hercules stand.",
"text": "late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans\nSē westsūþende Europe landġemirce is in Ispania westeweardum et ðǣm garseċġe, and mǣst æt þǣm iġlande, þætte Gaðes hātte, þǣr scīet sē Wendelsǣ up of þǣm garseċġe; þǣr ēac Ercoles sȳla standað.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be positioned, located"
],
"links": [
[
"positioned",
"positioned"
],
[
"located",
"located"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɑn.dɑn/"
}
],
"word": "standan"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "afstandan"
},
{
"word": "andstandan"
},
{
"word": "anstandan"
},
{
"word": "astandan"
},
{
"word": "*bistandan"
},
{
"word": "farstandan"
},
{
"word": "gistandan"
},
{
"word": "uppstandan"
},
{
"word": "witharstandan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "standen",
"3": "*stenden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: standen, *stenden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: standen, *stenden (attested in imperative stant)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "*bîstanden",
"3": "bîstenden",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: *bîstanden, bîstenden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: *bîstanden, bîstenden"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "entweistanden",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: entweistanden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: entweistanden"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "standinge",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: standinge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: standinge"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "ümmestanden",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: ümmestanden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: ümmestanden"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "understanden",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: understanden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: understanden"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "upstanden",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: upstanden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: upstanden"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "vörstenden",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: vörstenden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: vörstenden"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "wedderstanden",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: wedderstanden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: wedderstanden"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*standan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *standan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*standaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *standaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *standan, from Proto-Germanic *standaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "6",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "standan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "standu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stendis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōdi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stendid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stōd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "standad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stōdun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stande",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōdi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "standes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōdis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stande",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stōdi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "standen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stōdin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stand",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "standandi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gistandan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "standan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "standan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stand",
"2": "stand",
"3": "stōd",
"4": "stōd",
"5": "stand",
"class": "6",
"irr": "1",
"mutstem": "stend"
},
"name": "osx-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Saxon class 6 strong verbs",
"Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Saxon irregular verbs",
"Old Saxon lemmas",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Saxon verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to stand"
],
"links": [
[
"stand",
"stand"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "stān"
}
]
}
],
"word": "standan"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "frastandan"
},
{
"word": "standā"
},
{
"word": "standannassī"
},
{
"word": "undarstandan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "standan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: standan, stondan\nMiddle English: stonden, stande, standen, stonde\nEnglish: stand\n→ Ido: standar\n→ Norman: stanner, sténer\nSranan Tongo: tan\nMiddle Scots: stand\nScots: staund, staand, stan, stand, staun, stawn\nYola: sthoane, sthone, sthoan, stoane",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: standan, stondan\nMiddle English: stonden, stande, standen, stonde\nEnglish: stand\n→ Ido: standar\n→ Norman: stanner, sténer\nSranan Tongo: tan\nMiddle Scots: stand\nScots: staund, staand, stan, stand, staun, stawn\nYola: sthoane, sthone, sthoan, stoane"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "standa"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: standa, stonda\nNorth Frisian: stun, stuun, stönje\nSaterland Frisian: stounde",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: standa, stonda\nNorth Frisian: stun, stuun, stönje\nSaterland Frisian: stounde"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "standan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: standan\nMiddle Low German: standen, *stenden (attested in imperative stant)\n⇒ Middle Low German: *bîstanden, bîstenden\n⇒ Middle Low German: entweistanden\n⇒ Middle Low German: standinge\n⇒ Middle Low German: ümmestanden\n⇒ Middle Low German: understanden\n⇒ Middle Low German: upstanden\n⇒ Middle Low German: vörstenden\n⇒ Middle Low German: wedderstanden",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: standan\nMiddle Low German: standen, *stenden (attested in imperative stant)\n⇒ Middle Low German: *bîstanden, bîstenden\n⇒ Middle Low German: entweistanden\n⇒ Middle Low German: standinge\n⇒ Middle Low German: ümmestanden\n⇒ Middle Low German: understanden\n⇒ Middle Low German: upstanden\n⇒ Middle Low German: vörstenden\n⇒ Middle Low German: wedderstanden"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*standan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *standan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *standan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "standen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: standen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: standen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "standen",
"qq": "archaic or dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: standen (archaic or dialectal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: standen (archaic or dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "stantan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: stantan, standan\nMiddle High German: standen\nGerman: standen (dialectal)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: stantan, standan\nMiddle High German: standen\nGerman: standen (dialectal)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*standaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *standaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *standaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "standan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "standannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "standannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "standannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "standu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōnd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "standiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "standidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stōnd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "standum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stōndum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "standid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stōndud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "standand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stōndun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "standē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "standēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "standē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stōndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "standēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stōndīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "standēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stōndīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "standēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stōndīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "standid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "standandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "standan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*standan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"class": "6"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/standan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 6 strong verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to stand"
],
"links": [
[
"stand",
"stand"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "standan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for standan meaning in All languages combined (18.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (5d527b9 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.