"sorwen" meaning in All languages combined

See sorwen on Wiktionary

Noun [Middle English]

Head templates: {{head|enm|noun form}} sorwen
  1. plural of sorwe Tags: form-of, plural Form of: sorwe
    Sense id: en-sorwen-enm-noun-1gz-RpKg Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 15 13 14 17 16 13 12 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 16 12 12 15 15 17 13
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Verb [Middle English]

IPA: /ˈsɔrwən/, /ˈsɔriu̯ən/, /ˈsɔrɔu̯ən/, /ˈzɛriu̯ən/, /ˈzɛrwən/ (note: Southwest Midland)
Etymology: Inherited from Old English sorgian, *sergian, *seorgian, from Proto-West Germanic *sorgēn, from Proto-Germanic *surgāną; by surface analysis, sorwe (“sorrow, hardship”) + -en (infinitival suffix). Etymology templates: {{root|enm|ine-pro|*swergʰ-}}, {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|sorgian|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English sorgian, {{inh+|enm|ang|sorgian}} Inherited from Old English sorgian, {{der|enm|gmw-pro|*sorgēn}} Proto-West Germanic *sorgēn, {{der|enm|gem-pro|*surgāną}} Proto-Germanic *surgāną, {{surf|enm|sorwe|-en|id2=infinitival|nocap=1|pos2=infinitival suffix|t1=sorrow, hardship}} by surface analysis, sorwe (“sorrow, hardship”) + -en (infinitival suffix) Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|head=}} sorwen, {{enm-verb|stem=sorw}} sorwen (third-person singular simple present sorweth, present participle sorwende, sorwynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle sorwed) Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|sorw|y=0}} Forms: sorweth [present, singular, third-person], sorwende [participle, present], sorwynge [participle, present], sorwed [first-person, indicative, participle, past, singular, third-person], no-table-tags [table-tags], sorwen [infinitive], to sorwen [infinitive], sorwe [infinitive], sorwe [first-person, present, singular], sorwed [first-person, past, singular], sorwest [present, second-person, singular], sorwedest [past, second-person, singular], sorweth [present, singular, third-person], sorwed [past, singular, third-person], sorwe [present, singular, subjunctive], sorwed [past, singular, subjunctive], sorwe [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], sorwen [plural, present], sorwe [plural, present], sorweden [past, plural], sorwede [past, plural], sorweth [imperative, plural, present], sorwe [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], sorwynge [participle, present], sorwende [participle, present], sorwed [participle, past], sorew [alternative], sorewe [alternative], sorewen [alternative], sorowe [alternative], sorwe [alternative], soregh [alternative, Early-Middle-English], serrȝhenn [alternative, Ormulum], sorew [alternative, Late-Middle-English], sorowȝ [alternative, Late-Middle-English], sorwy [alternative, Kent], zorȝy [alternative, Kent], sarwin [alternative, Northern], soroȝe [alternative, Northern], soroo [alternative, Northern], sorou [alternative, Northern], sorow [alternative, Northern], soru [alternative, Northern], soruu [alternative, Northern], serewe [alternative], serwe [alternative], serwen [alternative], sorewi [alternative], seorhin [alternative], seoruwen [alternative], soreȝen [alternative], sorhin [alternative]
  1. (usually intransitive) To feel sad or upset: Tags: intransitive, usually Synonyms: mornen
    Sense id: en-sorwen-enm-verb-N9--GAmz Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 15 13 14 17 16 13 12 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 16 12 12 15 15 17 13
  2. (usually intransitive) To feel sad or upset:
    To show grief or sorrow; to wail or lament.
    Tags: intransitive, usually Synonyms: mornen
    Sense id: en-sorwen-enm-verb-0hwQpqcD Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 15 13 14 17 16 13 12 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 16 12 12 15 15 17 13
  3. (usually intransitive) To feel sad or upset:
    To grieve; to feel sympathy for [transitive or with for]
    Tags: intransitive, usually Synonyms: mornen
    Sense id: en-sorwen-enm-verb-W9y3xdlD Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival), Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 16 11 12 22 15 14 10 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival): 12 13 25 19 19 12 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 15 13 14 17 16 13 12 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 16 12 12 15 15 17 13
  4. (usually intransitive) To be troubled or disturbed:
    To regret; to show contrition.
    Tags: intransitive, usually Synonyms: mornen
    Sense id: en-sorwen-enm-verb-KO6NRHnq Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Sadness Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 15 13 14 17 16 13 12 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 16 12 12 15 15 17 13 Disambiguation of Sadness: 1 1 8 14 74 0 3
  5. (usually intransitive) To be troubled or disturbed:
    To hurt; to be in or cause (usually bodily) pain.
    Tags: intransitive, usually Synonyms: mornen
    Sense id: en-sorwen-enm-verb-ivDK8NKs Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Pain Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 15 13 14 17 16 13 12 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 16 12 12 15 15 17 13 Disambiguation of Pain: 13 10 9 15 11 32 11
  6. (rare, transitive) To make upset; to sadden. Tags: rare, transitive
    Sense id: en-sorwen-enm-verb-JaN1Pa3R Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 15 13 14 17 16 13 12 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 16 12 12 15 15 17 13
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "sorrow"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "sorrow"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swergʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sorgian",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sorgian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sorgian"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English sorgian",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*sorgēn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sorgēn",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*surgāną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *surgāną",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "sorwe",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "infinitival",
        "nocap": "1",
        "pos2": "infinitival suffix",
        "t1": "sorrow, hardship"
      },
      "expansion": "by surface analysis, sorwe (“sorrow, hardship”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English sorgian, *sergian, *seorgian, from Proto-West Germanic *sorgēn, from Proto-Germanic *surgāną; by surface analysis, sorwe (“sorrow, hardship”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sorweth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwed",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to sorwen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorweth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorweden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorweth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorew",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorewe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorewen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorowe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soregh",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "serrȝhenn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorew",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorowȝ",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwy",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Kent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zorȝy",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Kent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sarwin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soroȝe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soroo",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorou",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorow",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soru",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soruu",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "serewe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "serwe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "serwen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorewi",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seorhin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seoruwen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soreȝen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorhin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "sorwen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "sorw"
      },
      "expansion": "sorwen (third-person singular simple present sorweth, present participle sorwende, sorwynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle sorwed)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sorw",
        "y": "0"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 13 14 17 16 13 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 12 12 15 15 17 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              62,
              71
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              71,
              78
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Because whenever her mate is dead, she doesn't get another, but always grieves since she can't find him anywhere.",
          "ref": "c. 1180, Orͬm, “Secundum Lucam .I. [Luke 1:5] / Secundum Lucam .II. [Luke 1:18]”, in Orͬmulum (Bodleian MS. Junius 1), Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire, folio 20, verso, column 1; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 2019 January 10:",
          "text": "Forͬ fra þatt hıre make ıſſ dæd⹎ Ne kepeþþ ᵹho nan oþerr. Acc ſerrᵹͪeþþ aᵹᵹ forͬþı ꝥ ᵹho. Ne maᵹᫌ himͫ noƿƿhar fındenn",
          "translation": "Because whenever her mate is dead, she doesn't get another, but always grieves since she can't find him anywhere.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To feel sad or upset"
      ],
      "id": "en-sorwen-enm-verb-N9--GAmz",
      "links": [
        [
          "feel",
          "feel"
        ],
        [
          "sad",
          "sad"
        ],
        [
          "upset",
          "upset"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually intransitive) To feel sad or upset:"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "mornen"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 13 14 17 16 13 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 12 12 15 15 17 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To feel sad or upset:",
        "To show grief or sorrow; to wail or lament."
      ],
      "id": "en-sorwen-enm-verb-0hwQpqcD",
      "links": [
        [
          "feel",
          "feel"
        ],
        [
          "sad",
          "sad"
        ],
        [
          "upset",
          "upset"
        ],
        [
          "show",
          "show"
        ],
        [
          "grief",
          "grief"
        ],
        [
          "sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ],
        [
          "wail",
          "wail"
        ],
        [
          "lament",
          "lament"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually intransitive) To feel sad or upset:",
        "To show grief or sorrow; to wail or lament."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "mornen"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 11 12 22 15 14 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 13 25 19 19 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 13 14 17 16 13 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 12 12 15 15 17 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To feel sad or upset:",
        "To grieve; to feel sympathy for"
      ],
      "id": "en-sorwen-enm-verb-W9y3xdlD",
      "links": [
        [
          "feel",
          "feel"
        ],
        [
          "sad",
          "sad"
        ],
        [
          "upset",
          "upset"
        ],
        [
          "grieve",
          "grieve"
        ],
        [
          "sympathy",
          "sympathy"
        ],
        [
          "for",
          "for#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually intransitive) To feel sad or upset:",
        "To grieve; to feel sympathy for [transitive or with for]"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "mornen"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 13 14 17 16 13 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 12 12 15 15 17 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 1 8 14 74 0 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Sadness",
          "orig": "enm:Sadness",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To be troubled or disturbed:",
        "To regret; to show contrition."
      ],
      "id": "en-sorwen-enm-verb-KO6NRHnq",
      "links": [
        [
          "trouble",
          "trouble"
        ],
        [
          "disturb",
          "disturb"
        ],
        [
          "regret",
          "regret"
        ],
        [
          "show",
          "show"
        ],
        [
          "contrition",
          "contrition"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually intransitive) To be troubled or disturbed:",
        "To regret; to show contrition."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "mornen"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 13 14 17 16 13 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 12 12 15 15 17 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 10 9 15 11 32 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Pain",
          "orig": "enm:Pain",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To be troubled or disturbed:",
        "To hurt; to be in or cause (usually bodily) pain."
      ],
      "id": "en-sorwen-enm-verb-ivDK8NKs",
      "links": [
        [
          "trouble",
          "trouble"
        ],
        [
          "disturb",
          "disturb"
        ],
        [
          "hurt",
          "hurt"
        ],
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ],
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "bodily",
          "bodily#English"
        ],
        [
          "pain",
          "pain"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually intransitive) To be troubled or disturbed:",
        "To hurt; to be in or cause (usually bodily) pain."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "mornen"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 13 14 17 16 13 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 12 12 15 15 17 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make upset; to sadden."
      ],
      "id": "en-sorwen-enm-verb-JaN1Pa3R",
      "links": [
        [
          "make",
          "make"
        ],
        [
          "upset",
          "upset"
        ],
        [
          "sadden",
          "sadden"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, transitive) To make upset; to sadden."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɔrwən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɔriu̯ən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɔrɔu̯ən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈzɛriu̯ən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈzɛrwən/",
      "note": "Southwest Midland"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sorwen"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun form"
      },
      "expansion": "sorwen",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 13 14 17 16 13 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 12 12 15 15 17 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "sorwe"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "plural of sorwe"
      ],
      "id": "en-sorwen-enm-noun-1gz-RpKg",
      "links": [
        [
          "sorwe",
          "sorwe#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "sorwen"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English non-lemma forms",
    "Middle English noun forms",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *swergʰ-",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Pain",
    "enm:Sadness"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "sorrow"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "sorrow"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swergʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sorgian",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sorgian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sorgian"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English sorgian",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*sorgēn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sorgēn",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*surgāną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *surgāną",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "sorwe",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "infinitival",
        "nocap": "1",
        "pos2": "infinitival suffix",
        "t1": "sorrow, hardship"
      },
      "expansion": "by surface analysis, sorwe (“sorrow, hardship”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English sorgian, *sergian, *seorgian, from Proto-West Germanic *sorgēn, from Proto-Germanic *surgāną; by surface analysis, sorwe (“sorrow, hardship”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sorweth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwed",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to sorwen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorweth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorweden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorweth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorew",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorewe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorewen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorowe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soregh",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "serrȝhenn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorew",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorowȝ",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwy",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Kent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zorȝy",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Kent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sarwin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soroȝe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soroo",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorou",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorow",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soru",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soruu",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "serewe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "serwe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "serwen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorewi",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seorhin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seoruwen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soreȝen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorhin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "sorwen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "sorw"
      },
      "expansion": "sorwen (third-person singular simple present sorweth, present participle sorwende, sorwynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle sorwed)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sorw",
        "y": "0"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English intransitive verbs",
        "Middle English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              62,
              71
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              71,
              78
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Because whenever her mate is dead, she doesn't get another, but always grieves since she can't find him anywhere.",
          "ref": "c. 1180, Orͬm, “Secundum Lucam .I. [Luke 1:5] / Secundum Lucam .II. [Luke 1:18]”, in Orͬmulum (Bodleian MS. Junius 1), Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire, folio 20, verso, column 1; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 2019 January 10:",
          "text": "Forͬ fra þatt hıre make ıſſ dæd⹎ Ne kepeþþ ᵹho nan oþerr. Acc ſerrᵹͪeþþ aᵹᵹ forͬþı ꝥ ᵹho. Ne maᵹᫌ himͫ noƿƿhar fındenn",
          "translation": "Because whenever her mate is dead, she doesn't get another, but always grieves since she can't find him anywhere.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To feel sad or upset"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "feel",
          "feel"
        ],
        [
          "sad",
          "sad"
        ],
        [
          "upset",
          "upset"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually intransitive) To feel sad or upset:"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "mornen"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To feel sad or upset:",
        "To show grief or sorrow; to wail or lament."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "feel",
          "feel"
        ],
        [
          "sad",
          "sad"
        ],
        [
          "upset",
          "upset"
        ],
        [
          "show",
          "show"
        ],
        [
          "grief",
          "grief"
        ],
        [
          "sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ],
        [
          "wail",
          "wail"
        ],
        [
          "lament",
          "lament"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually intransitive) To feel sad or upset:",
        "To show grief or sorrow; to wail or lament."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "mornen"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To feel sad or upset:",
        "To grieve; to feel sympathy for"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "feel",
          "feel"
        ],
        [
          "sad",
          "sad"
        ],
        [
          "upset",
          "upset"
        ],
        [
          "grieve",
          "grieve"
        ],
        [
          "sympathy",
          "sympathy"
        ],
        [
          "for",
          "for#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually intransitive) To feel sad or upset:",
        "To grieve; to feel sympathy for [transitive or with for]"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "mornen"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To be troubled or disturbed:",
        "To regret; to show contrition."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "trouble",
          "trouble"
        ],
        [
          "disturb",
          "disturb"
        ],
        [
          "regret",
          "regret"
        ],
        [
          "show",
          "show"
        ],
        [
          "contrition",
          "contrition"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually intransitive) To be troubled or disturbed:",
        "To regret; to show contrition."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "mornen"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To be troubled or disturbed:",
        "To hurt; to be in or cause (usually bodily) pain."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "trouble",
          "trouble"
        ],
        [
          "disturb",
          "disturb"
        ],
        [
          "hurt",
          "hurt"
        ],
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ],
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "bodily",
          "bodily#English"
        ],
        [
          "pain",
          "pain"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually intransitive) To be troubled or disturbed:",
        "To hurt; to be in or cause (usually bodily) pain."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "mornen"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses",
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make upset; to sadden."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "make",
          "make"
        ],
        [
          "upset",
          "upset"
        ],
        [
          "sadden",
          "sadden"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, transitive) To make upset; to sadden."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɔrwən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɔriu̯ən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɔrɔu̯ən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈzɛriu̯ən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈzɛrwən/",
      "note": "Southwest Midland"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sorwen"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English non-lemma forms",
    "Middle English noun forms",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Pain",
    "enm:Sadness"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun form"
      },
      "expansion": "sorwen",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "sorwe"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "plural of sorwe"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sorwe",
          "sorwe#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "sorwen"
}

Download raw JSONL data for sorwen meaning in All languages combined (10.3kB)

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    "TEMPLATE_FN"
  ],
  "section": "Middle English",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "sorwen",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.