See samizdat on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for samizdat meaning in All languages combined (24.6kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "самизда́т",
"4": "",
"5": "self-publishing"
},
"expansion": "Russian самизда́т (samizdát, “self-publishing”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "сам",
"3": "",
"4": "self"
},
"expansion": "сам (sam, “self”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "изда́т"
},
"expansion": "изда́т (izdát)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "изда́тельство",
"3": "",
"4": "publishing house, publishing"
},
"expansion": "изда́тельство (izdátelʹstvo, “publishing house, publishing”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "Госизда́т",
"3": "",
"4": "State Publisher"
},
"expansion": "Russian Госизда́т (Gosizdát, “State Publisher”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian самизда́т (samizdát, “self-publishing”), from сам (sam, “self”) + изда́т (izdát), an abbreviation of изда́тельство (izdátelʹstvo, “publishing house, publishing”) (compare Russian Госизда́т (Gosizdát, “State Publisher”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "samizdats",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "samizdat (countable and uncountable, plural samizdats)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sa‧miz‧dat"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "samizdatchik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tamizdat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "booklegging"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Publishing",
"orig": "en:Publishing",
"parents": [
"Industries",
"Mass media",
"Business",
"Culture",
"Media",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Communication",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Russia",
"orig": "en:Russia",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Soviet Union",
"orig": "en:Soviet Union",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1975, F[erdinand] J[oseph] M[aria] Feldbrugge, “Samizdat: Origins and Organization”, in Samizdat and Political Dissent in the Soviet Union, Leiden: A[lbertus] W[illem] Sijthoff, pages 1 and 3",
"text": "[page 1] In a general sense any copy of a document which has been produced in the Soviet Union outside the chain of state publishing houses may be referred to as samizdat. […] [page 3] This term is modeled on the shortened form—gosizdat—of State Publishing House (Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel'stvo). […] According to Julius Telesin, a Russian writer who emigrated to Israel in 1970, the word samizdat occurs first in the late fifties when a Moscow poet, exasperated with the operation of the censorship system, bound together the typewritten sheets of his poems and wrote Samsebiaizdate (\"Publishing House for Oneself\") in the place where the name of the publishing house would normally appear. He also used the term samizdat with the same meaning but, as Telesin observes, samizdat (\"self-publishing house\") subsequently acquired a wider meaning.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1992, Igor Hajek, “Samizdat Literature: An Introduction”, in Marketa Goetz-Stankiewicz, editor, Good-bye, Samizdat: Twenty Years of Czechoslovak Underground Writing, Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, page 4",
"text": "From a clandestine network of friends passing to each other typed copies of their new work, the initiative developed over the years into a parallel publishing system. […] [I]n cities the inquisitive reader did not have much difficulty in obtaining access to what was in fact a banned literature. Samizdat was also an important source of new writing for the equally active and enterprising publishers of Czech (and some Slovak) books in exile.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2015, James P. Scanlan, “From Samizdat to Perestroika: The Soviet Marxist Critique of Soviet Society”, in Raymond C. Taras, editor, The Road to Disillusion: From Critical Marxism to Post-communism in Eastern Europe, London: Routledge",
"text": "Indeed, internal criticism of the USSR from a Marxist perspective has been a continuing fact of Soviet life for decades. While [Joseph] Stalin held sway, this criticism was limited to clandestine and fugitive expressions, circulated orally or in samizdat.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019, William Poundstone, The Doomsday Calculation […], Little, Brown",
"text": "Carter chose not to publish on doomsday, discussing it only in seminars where he thought it could get a fair hearing. In this way the doomsday argument began as a secret, almost samizdat doctrine, known to a few as the “Carter catastrophe.”",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2021 March 7, Ross Douthat, “Do Liberals Care if Books Disappear?”, in The New York Times",
"text": "Now liberal cultural power has increased, the ACLU doesn’t seem very interested in the liberties of non-progressives anymore, and Dr. Seuss sells as pricey samizdat.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The secret copying and sharing of illegal publications, chiefly in the Soviet Union; underground publishing and its publications."
],
"id": "en-samizdat-en-noun-yhb~q8IJ",
"links": [
[
"secret",
"secret"
],
[
"copying",
"copying"
],
[
"sharing",
"sharing"
],
[
"illegal",
"illegal"
],
[
"Soviet Union",
"Soviet Union"
],
[
"underground",
"underground"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, often attributive) The secret copying and sharing of illegal publications, chiefly in the Soviet Union; underground publishing and its publications."
],
"tags": [
"attributive",
"often",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sāmīzdāt",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "سَامِيزْدَات"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "inkʻnahrat",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "ինքնահրատ"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "samizdat",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "սամիզդատ"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "samvydát",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "самвыда́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "samvýd",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "самвы́д"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "samizdát",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "самизда́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dìxià chūbǎn",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "地下出版"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "samizdaṭi",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "სამიზდატი"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Samisdat"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "samizdat",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "סָאמִיזְדָאט"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "szamizdat"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "samizudāto",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "サミズダート"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "samizdat",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "самиздат"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "samijeudateu",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "사미즈다트"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "samizdat",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "самиздат"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdats"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdatas"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "samizdat",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "самиздат"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sâmizdât",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "سامیزدات"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "samizdát",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "самизда́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "са̏миздат"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sȁmizdat"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "samizdat",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "самиздат"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "samvydáv",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "самвида́в"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "samizdat"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1986, The Portable Lower East Side, [New York, N.Y.]: [The Portable Lower East Side], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 4",
"text": "In Poland, some samizdats are different: they are professionally produced and are sold for money. But the money that these Polish consumers pay for these illegal samizdats is not dissipated in the domain of individual or corporate profits, nor does it help support the government and its publishing monopoly. The money acquired through sales is used for – and this the consumer is well aware of – the advancement of the Solidarity movement.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, W[illiam] R. Clement, “Culture in Hyperspace: This is Not a Computer Game”, in Quantum Jump: A Survival Guide for the New Renaissance, Toronto: Insomniac Press, page 257",
"text": "Samizdats were unauthorized books reproduced with a typewriter and as many as seven carbon copies. They were the product of the country's artistic elite and were critical of the government. Possession of, writing, or typing a samizdat could and occasionally did result in arrest and the perpetrator being sentenced to a gulag. This was mostly an illusion. The writers and distributors of samizdats were seldom at risk after the death of Stalin.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Friederike Kind-Kovács, Jessie Labov, “Introduction: Samizdat and Tamizdat”, in Friederike Kind-Kovács, Jessie Labov, editors, Samizdat, Tamizdat, and Beyond: Transnational Media during and after Socialism (Studies in Contemporary European History; 13), New York, N.Y.: Berghahn Books, page 3",
"text": "The fact that samizdat/tamizdat were written symbols of the human suffering in the Eastern bloc encouraged a less critical and often naive reading of the texts both then and now. Thus, we hope here to critically view some of the inherent dangers of samizdat/tamizdat publication, without diminishing its relevance as visualizations of human experience.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Rosemary Sullivan, Stalin's Daughter, page 305",
"text": "This was the first time she was reading it, for she'd never managed to get a samizdat copy in Moscow.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A samizdat publication."
],
"id": "en-samizdat-en-noun-en:publication",
"links": [
[
"publication",
"publication"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A samizdat publication."
],
"senseid": [
"en:publication"
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "inkʻnahrat",
"sense": "a samizdat publication",
"word": "ինքնահրատ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "samizdat",
"sense": "a samizdat publication",
"word": "սամիզդատ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "samvýd",
"sense": "a samizdat publication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "самвы́д"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "samvydát",
"sense": "a samizdat publication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "самвыда́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dìxià chūbǎn",
"sense": "a samizdat publication",
"word": "地下出版"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a samizdat publication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a samizdat publication",
"word": "szamizdat"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a samizdat publication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a samizdat publication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bibuła"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a samizdat publication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "samizdát",
"sense": "a samizdat publication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "самизда́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "samvydáv",
"sense": "a samizdat publication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "самвида́в"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsæmɪzdæt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/səmɪzˈdæt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-samizdat.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-samizdat.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-samizdat.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-samizdat.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-samizdat.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "samvydav"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "zine"
}
],
"word": "samizdat"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ru",
"3": "самизда́т",
"4": "",
"5": "self-publishing",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Russian самизда́т (samizdát, “self-publishing”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ru",
"3": "самизда́т",
"4": "",
"5": "self-publishing"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian самизда́т (samizdát, “self-publishing”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "сам",
"3": "",
"4": "self"
},
"expansion": "сам (sam, “self”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "изда́т"
},
"expansion": "изда́т (izdát)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "изда́тельство",
"3": "",
"4": "publishing house, publishing"
},
"expansion": "изда́тельство (izdátelʹstvo, “publishing house, publishing”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian самизда́т (samizdát, “self-publishing”), from сам (sam, “self”) + изда́т (izdát), an abbreviation of изда́тельство (izdátelʹstvo, “publishing house, publishing”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdaty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdatu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdatów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdatowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdatom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
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},
{
"form": "samizdatem",
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"instrumental",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "samizdatami",
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"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdacie",
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"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdatach",
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"locative",
"plural"
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},
{
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},
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],
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"rhymes": "-izdat"
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{
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},
{
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"plural"
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{
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{
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"indefinite",
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},
{
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},
{
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"indefinite",
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},
{
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"indefinite",
"nominative",
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},
{
"form": "samizdaturile",
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"definite",
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},
{
"form": "samizdat",
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},
{
"form": "unui samizdat",
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"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdatului",
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"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdaturi",
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},
{
"form": "unor samizdaturi",
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"genitive",
"indefinite",
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]
},
{
"form": "samizdaturilor",
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"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdatule",
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},
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"vocative"
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}
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],
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}
],
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}
{
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
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"en:Russia",
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"4": "State Publisher"
},
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"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian самизда́т (samizdát, “self-publishing”), from сам (sam, “self”) + изда́т (izdát), an abbreviation of изда́тельство (izdátelʹstvo, “publishing house, publishing”) (compare Russian Госизда́т (Gosizdát, “State Publisher”)).",
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"pos": "noun",
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{
"word": "samizdatchik"
},
{
"word": "tamizdat"
},
{
"word": "booklegging"
}
],
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{
"categories": [
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"English uncountable nouns"
],
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{
"ref": "1975, F[erdinand] J[oseph] M[aria] Feldbrugge, “Samizdat: Origins and Organization”, in Samizdat and Political Dissent in the Soviet Union, Leiden: A[lbertus] W[illem] Sijthoff, pages 1 and 3",
"text": "[page 1] In a general sense any copy of a document which has been produced in the Soviet Union outside the chain of state publishing houses may be referred to as samizdat. […] [page 3] This term is modeled on the shortened form—gosizdat—of State Publishing House (Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel'stvo). […] According to Julius Telesin, a Russian writer who emigrated to Israel in 1970, the word samizdat occurs first in the late fifties when a Moscow poet, exasperated with the operation of the censorship system, bound together the typewritten sheets of his poems and wrote Samsebiaizdate (\"Publishing House for Oneself\") in the place where the name of the publishing house would normally appear. He also used the term samizdat with the same meaning but, as Telesin observes, samizdat (\"self-publishing house\") subsequently acquired a wider meaning.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1992, Igor Hajek, “Samizdat Literature: An Introduction”, in Marketa Goetz-Stankiewicz, editor, Good-bye, Samizdat: Twenty Years of Czechoslovak Underground Writing, Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, page 4",
"text": "From a clandestine network of friends passing to each other typed copies of their new work, the initiative developed over the years into a parallel publishing system. […] [I]n cities the inquisitive reader did not have much difficulty in obtaining access to what was in fact a banned literature. Samizdat was also an important source of new writing for the equally active and enterprising publishers of Czech (and some Slovak) books in exile.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2015, James P. Scanlan, “From Samizdat to Perestroika: The Soviet Marxist Critique of Soviet Society”, in Raymond C. Taras, editor, The Road to Disillusion: From Critical Marxism to Post-communism in Eastern Europe, London: Routledge",
"text": "Indeed, internal criticism of the USSR from a Marxist perspective has been a continuing fact of Soviet life for decades. While [Joseph] Stalin held sway, this criticism was limited to clandestine and fugitive expressions, circulated orally or in samizdat.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019, William Poundstone, The Doomsday Calculation […], Little, Brown",
"text": "Carter chose not to publish on doomsday, discussing it only in seminars where he thought it could get a fair hearing. In this way the doomsday argument began as a secret, almost samizdat doctrine, known to a few as the “Carter catastrophe.”",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2021 March 7, Ross Douthat, “Do Liberals Care if Books Disappear?”, in The New York Times",
"text": "Now liberal cultural power has increased, the ACLU doesn’t seem very interested in the liberties of non-progressives anymore, and Dr. Seuss sells as pricey samizdat.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The secret copying and sharing of illegal publications, chiefly in the Soviet Union; underground publishing and its publications."
],
"links": [
[
"secret",
"secret"
],
[
"copying",
"copying"
],
[
"sharing",
"sharing"
],
[
"illegal",
"illegal"
],
[
"Soviet Union",
"Soviet Union"
],
[
"underground",
"underground"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, often attributive) The secret copying and sharing of illegal publications, chiefly in the Soviet Union; underground publishing and its publications."
],
"tags": [
"attributive",
"often",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1986, The Portable Lower East Side, [New York, N.Y.]: [The Portable Lower East Side], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 4",
"text": "In Poland, some samizdats are different: they are professionally produced and are sold for money. But the money that these Polish consumers pay for these illegal samizdats is not dissipated in the domain of individual or corporate profits, nor does it help support the government and its publishing monopoly. The money acquired through sales is used for – and this the consumer is well aware of – the advancement of the Solidarity movement.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, W[illiam] R. Clement, “Culture in Hyperspace: This is Not a Computer Game”, in Quantum Jump: A Survival Guide for the New Renaissance, Toronto: Insomniac Press, page 257",
"text": "Samizdats were unauthorized books reproduced with a typewriter and as many as seven carbon copies. They were the product of the country's artistic elite and were critical of the government. Possession of, writing, or typing a samizdat could and occasionally did result in arrest and the perpetrator being sentenced to a gulag. This was mostly an illusion. The writers and distributors of samizdats were seldom at risk after the death of Stalin.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Friederike Kind-Kovács, Jessie Labov, “Introduction: Samizdat and Tamizdat”, in Friederike Kind-Kovács, Jessie Labov, editors, Samizdat, Tamizdat, and Beyond: Transnational Media during and after Socialism (Studies in Contemporary European History; 13), New York, N.Y.: Berghahn Books, page 3",
"text": "The fact that samizdat/tamizdat were written symbols of the human suffering in the Eastern bloc encouraged a less critical and often naive reading of the texts both then and now. Thus, we hope here to critically view some of the inherent dangers of samizdat/tamizdat publication, without diminishing its relevance as visualizations of human experience.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Rosemary Sullivan, Stalin's Daughter, page 305",
"text": "This was the first time she was reading it, for she'd never managed to get a samizdat copy in Moscow.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A samizdat publication."
],
"links": [
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"publication",
"publication"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A samizdat publication."
],
"senseid": [
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],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsæmɪzdæt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/səmɪzˈdæt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-samizdat.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-samizdat.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-samizdat.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "samvydav"
},
{
"word": "zine"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sāmīzdāt",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "سَامِيزْدَات"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "inkʻnahrat",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "ինքնահրատ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "samizdat",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "սամիզդատ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "samvydát",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "самвыда́т"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "samvýd",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "самвы́д"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "samizdát",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "самизда́т"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dìxià chūbǎn",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "地下出版"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "samizdaṭi",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "სამიზდატი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Samisdat"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "samizdat",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "סָאמִיזְדָאט"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "szamizdat"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "samizudāto",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "サミズダート"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "samizdat",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "самиздат"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "samijeudateu",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "사미즈다트"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "samizdat",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "самиздат"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdats"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdatas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "samizdat",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "самиздат"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sâmizdât",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "سامیزدات"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "samizdát",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "самизда́т"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "са̏миздат"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sȁmizdat"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "samizdat",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "самиздат"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "samvydáv",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "самвида́в"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "underground publishing",
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "inkʻnahrat",
"sense": "a samizdat publication",
"word": "ինքնահրատ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "samizdat",
"sense": "a samizdat publication",
"word": "սամիզդատ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "samvýd",
"sense": "a samizdat publication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "самвы́д"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "samvydát",
"sense": "a samizdat publication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "самвыда́т"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dìxià chūbǎn",
"sense": "a samizdat publication",
"word": "地下出版"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a samizdat publication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a samizdat publication",
"word": "szamizdat"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a samizdat publication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a samizdat publication",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bibuła"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a samizdat publication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samizdat"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "samizdát",
"sense": "a samizdat publication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "самизда́т"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "samvydáv",
"sense": "a samizdat publication",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "самвида́в"
}
],
"word": "samizdat"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "samizdatowy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ru",
"3": "самизда́т",
"4": "",
"5": "self-publishing",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Russian самизда́т (samizdát, “self-publishing”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ru",
"3": "самизда́т",
"4": "",
"5": "self-publishing"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian самизда́т (samizdát, “self-publishing”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "сам",
"3": "",
"4": "self"
},
"expansion": "сам (sam, “self”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "изда́т"
},
"expansion": "изда́т (izdát)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "изда́тельство",
"3": "",
"4": "publishing house, publishing"
},
"expansion": "изда́тельство (izdátelʹstvo, “publishing house, publishing”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian самизда́т (samizdát, “self-publishing”), from сам (sam, “self”) + изда́т (izdát), an abbreviation of изда́тельство (izdátelʹstvo, “publishing house, publishing”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdaty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdatu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdatów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdatowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdatom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdaty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdatem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdatami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdacie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdatach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdacie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdaty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "samizdat m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sa‧miz‧dat"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from Russian",
"Polish terms derived from Russian",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with historical senses",
"Rhymes:Polish/izdat",
"Rhymes:Polish/izdat/3 syllables",
"pl:Publishing",
"pl:Soviet Union"
],
"glosses": [
"samizdat (underground publishing)"
],
"links": [
[
"samizdat",
"samizdat#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) samizdat (underground publishing)"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/saˈmiz.dat/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-izdat"
}
],
"word": "samizdat"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine nouns",
"Portuguese nouns",
"pt:Publishing",
"pt:Soviet Union"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "samizdats",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "#s"
},
"expansion": "samizdat m (plural samizdats)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"samizdat (underground publishing in the Soviet Union)"
],
"links": [
[
"samizdat",
"samizdat#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) samizdat (underground publishing in the Soviet Union)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"samizdat (a samizdat publication)"
],
"links": [
[
"samizdat",
"samizdat#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "samizdat"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "samizdat",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French samizdat",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "samizdat"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French samizdat",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "en",
"3": "samizdat"
},
"expansion": "English samizdat",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French samizdat or English samizdat.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "samizdaturi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un samizdat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdatul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdaturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște samizdaturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdaturile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui samizdat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdatului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdaturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor samizdaturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdaturilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdatule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "samizdaturilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "samizdaturi"
},
"expansion": "samizdat n (plural samizdaturi)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "samizdaturilor",
"gpi": "samizdaturi",
"gsd": "samizdatului",
"gsi": "samizdat",
"n": "",
"npd": "samizdaturile",
"npi": "samizdaturi",
"nsd": "samizdatul",
"nsi": "samizdat",
"vp": "samizdaturilor",
"vs": "samizdatule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Romanian terms borrowed from English",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from English",
"Romanian terms derived from French"
],
"glosses": [
"samizdat"
],
"links": [
[
"samizdat",
"samizdat#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "samizdat"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.