See sam- on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for sam- meaning in All languages combined (17.7kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "prefix",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "da-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"co-, con-"
],
"id": "en-sam--da-prefix-ic7I9yxp",
"links": [
[
"co-",
"co-#English"
],
[
"con-",
"con-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "non",
"3": "sam-"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse sam-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "samur"
},
"expansion": "samur",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse sam-. Related to the adjective samur.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"co-, fellow, collective"
],
"id": "en-sam--fo-prefix-3c1as6jr",
"links": [
[
"co-",
"co-"
],
[
"fellow",
"fellow"
],
[
"collective",
"collective"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Faroese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"homo-"
],
"id": "en-sam--fo-prefix-c65DSx0x",
"links": [
[
"homo-",
"homo-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grt",
"2": "classifier"
},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Garo",
"lang_code": "grt",
"pos": "classifier",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Garo classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Garo entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"classifier for bilateral body parts like eyes and ears."
],
"id": "en-sam--grt-classifier-4rg9ZFFM"
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "prefixes"
},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"co-, fellow, collective"
],
"id": "en-sam--is-prefix-3c1as6jr",
"links": [
[
"co-",
"co-"
],
[
"fellow",
"fellow"
],
[
"collective",
"collective"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "40 60",
"word": "samfangi"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 60",
"word": "samhjálp"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 60",
"word": "samlínuleiki"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 60",
"word": "samskeiða"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 60",
"roman": "homomorphism",
"word": "sammótun"
}
],
"glosses": [
"homo-"
],
"id": "en-sam--is-prefix-c65DSx0x",
"links": [
[
"homo-",
"homo-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "sam-"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse sam-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "samme"
},
"expansion": "samme",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse sam-, related to samme.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"co-"
],
"id": "en-sam--nb-prefix-oviqcDbl",
"links": [
[
"co-",
"co-#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "generally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(generally) co-"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sem-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "sam-"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse sam-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "same"
},
"expansion": "same",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse sam-, related to same.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"co-"
],
"id": "en-sam--nn-prefix-oviqcDbl",
"links": [
[
"co-",
"co-#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "generally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(generally) co-"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sam-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: sam-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: sam-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sam"
},
"expansion": "English: sam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: sam"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sāmi-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sāmi-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sēmi-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sēmi-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sēmi-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sēmi-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "sām-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon sām-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "sāmi-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German sāmi-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "semi-"
},
"expansion": "semi-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "healf-"
},
"expansion": "healf-",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *sāmi-, from Proto-Germanic *sēmi-, from Proto-Indo-European *sēmi-. Cognate with Old Saxon sām-, Old High German sāmi-. Compare semi-.\nSince the i-umlaut of /ɑ̃:/ is /e:/ and unstressed short high vowels were lost after a heavy syllable, the expected outcome would have been *sēm- (sometimes *sem-; see below). Two developments interfered. First, lack of i-umlaut shows that the final *-i was replaced with *-a in this prefix, perhaps by analogy with its synonym *halba- (later healf-). Second, the root vowel shows shortening, since without i-umlaut the regular outcome of /ɑ̃:/ is /o:/.\nIn most compounds of sam- this shortening is expected, since a prehistoric sound change shortened long vowels before (1) clusters of three consonants, (2) two consonants plus two syllables, or (3) geminates. This shortening could have been eliminated by analogy in many cases (there is no way to know how often, as Old English manuscripts do not normally mark vowel length), but it was apparently maintained in sam-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "ang-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"half-"
],
"id": "en-sam--ang-prefix-qWlC3F3h",
"links": [
[
"half-",
"half-"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literally) half-"
],
"tags": [
"literally",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"partially"
],
"id": "en-sam--ang-prefix-S1bqjq4t",
"links": [
[
"partially",
"partially"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) partially"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɑm/"
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*samaz",
"4": "",
"5": "together"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *samaz (“together”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*somHós",
"4": "",
"5": "same"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sem-",
"4": "",
"5": "one, together"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one, together”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "samen",
"3": "",
"4": "together"
},
"expansion": "Old English samen (“together”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "same",
"3": "",
"4": "manner, similitude"
},
"expansion": "Old English same (“manner, similitude”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *samaz (“together”), from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”), Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one, together”). Compare Old English samen (“together”), Old English same (“manner, similitude”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "ang-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "unanimous, \"same-hearted\"",
"text": "samheort",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"union, combination, agreement; together, con-"
],
"id": "en-sam--ang-prefix-I0Htv7r5",
"links": [
[
"union",
"union"
],
[
"combination",
"combination"
],
[
"agreement",
"agreement"
],
[
"together",
"together"
],
[
"con-",
"con-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɑm/"
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "sam-"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: sam-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: sam-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "sam-"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: sam-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: sam-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "sam-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: sam-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: sam-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "sam-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: sam-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: sam-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "sam-"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: sam-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: sam-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "sam-"
},
"expansion": "Danish: sam-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: sam-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sem-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*samaz",
"4": "",
"5": "same, alike"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *samaz (“same, alike”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*somHós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *somHós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *samaz (“same, alike”), from Proto-Indo-European *somHós.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"together, con-"
],
"id": "en-sam--non-prefix-xTUfKIAq",
"links": [
[
"together",
"together"
],
[
"con-",
"con-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "sär-"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"together, co-, con-"
],
"id": "en-sam--sv-prefix-kgSj3LWH",
"links": [
[
"together",
"together"
],
[
"co-",
"co-"
],
[
"con-",
"con-"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "samla"
},
{
"word": "samma"
},
{
"word": "samman"
},
{
"word": "sams"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᜐᜋ᜔",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix form",
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "sam- (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜋ᜔)",
"name": "tl-head"
}
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "b⟩ or ⟨p",
"word": "sang-"
},
{
"extra": "b⟩ or ⟨p",
"word": "with roots that begin with"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of sang-, with roots that begin with ⟨b⟩ or ⟨p⟩."
],
"id": "en-sam--tl-prefix-Q91oBTiX",
"links": [
[
"sang-",
"sang-#Tagalog"
],
[
"root",
"root word"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "/sam/"
},
{
"other": "[sɐm]"
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-gzn-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Georgian-Zan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Georgian-Zan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oge",
"2": "სამი"
},
"expansion": "Old Georgian: სამი (sami)\nGeorgian: სამი (sami)\n→? Old Armenian: սահմի (sahmi)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Georgian: სამი (sami)\nGeorgian: სამი (sami)\n→? Old Armenian: սահմի (sahmi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Zan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "სუმ",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Laz: სუმ (sum), სუმი (sumi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Laz: სუმ (sum), სუმი (sumi)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xmf",
"2": "სუმი"
},
"expansion": "Mingrelian: სუმი (sumi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mingrelian: სუმი (sumi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sva",
"2": "სემი"
},
"expansion": "Svan: სემი (semi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Svan: სემი (semi)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-pro",
"2": "numeral"
},
"expansion": "*sam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Kartvelian",
"lang_code": "ccs-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/sam-",
"pos": "num",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Kartvelian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"three"
],
"id": "en-sam--ccs-pro-num-i1udsME9",
"links": [
[
"three",
"three"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"alt": "*sam-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sam-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sam-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "सम्-"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: सम्- (sam-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: सम्- (sam-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*ham-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *ham-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *ham- (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sem-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*som-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *som-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*sem-"
},
"expansion": "*sem-",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *som-, from *sem-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*sam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/sam-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"together, joint, paired"
],
"id": "en-sam--iir-pro-prefix-KC0EvEUA",
"links": [
[
"together",
"together"
],
[
"joint",
"joint"
],
[
"paired",
"paired"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Baltic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "sam-"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: sam-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: sam-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "so-"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: so-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: so-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Baltic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "sen-"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: sen-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: sen-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sǫ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *sǫ-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *sǫ- (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*som-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *som-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*sem-",
"3": "",
"4": "together, one"
},
"expansion": "*sem- (“together, one”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *som-, from *sem- (“together, one”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*sam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/sam-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Balto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"together"
],
"id": "en-sam--ine-bsl-pro-prefix-DCRzTXv1",
"links": [
[
"together",
"together"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "prefix",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "da-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish prefixes"
],
"glosses": [
"co-, con-"
],
"links": [
[
"co-",
"co-#English"
],
[
"con-",
"con-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Faroese entries with incorrect language header",
"Faroese lemmas",
"Faroese prefixes",
"Faroese terms derived from Old Norse",
"Faroese terms inherited from Old Norse"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "non",
"3": "sam-"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse sam-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "samur"
},
"expansion": "samur",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse sam-. Related to the adjective samur.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"co-, fellow, collective"
],
"links": [
[
"co-",
"co-"
],
[
"fellow",
"fellow"
],
[
"collective",
"collective"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"homo-"
],
"links": [
[
"homo-",
"homo-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grt",
"2": "classifier"
},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Garo",
"lang_code": "grt",
"pos": "classifier",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Garo classifiers",
"Garo entries with incorrect language header",
"Garo lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"classifier for bilateral body parts like eyes and ears."
]
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Icelandic lemmas",
"Icelandic prefixes"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "samfangi"
},
{
"word": "samhjálp"
},
{
"word": "samlínuleiki"
},
{
"word": "samskeiða"
},
{
"roman": "homomorphism",
"word": "sammótun"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "prefixes"
},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"co-, fellow, collective"
],
"links": [
[
"co-",
"co-"
],
[
"fellow",
"fellow"
],
[
"collective",
"collective"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"homo-"
],
"links": [
[
"homo-",
"homo-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "sam-"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse sam-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "samme"
},
"expansion": "samme",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse sam-, related to samme.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål lemmas",
"Norwegian Bokmål prefixes",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Old Norse"
],
"glosses": [
"co-"
],
"links": [
[
"co-",
"co-#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "generally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(generally) co-"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sem-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "sam-"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse sam-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "same"
},
"expansion": "same",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse sam-, related to same.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas",
"Norwegian Nynorsk prefixes",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sem-",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse"
],
"glosses": [
"co-"
],
"links": [
[
"co-",
"co-#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "generally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(generally) co-"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English prefixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sam-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: sam-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: sam-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sam"
},
"expansion": "English: sam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: sam"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sāmi-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sāmi-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sēmi-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sēmi-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sēmi-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sēmi-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "sām-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon sām-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "sāmi-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German sāmi-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "semi-"
},
"expansion": "semi-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "healf-"
},
"expansion": "healf-",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *sāmi-, from Proto-Germanic *sēmi-, from Proto-Indo-European *sēmi-. Cognate with Old Saxon sām-, Old High German sāmi-. Compare semi-.\nSince the i-umlaut of /ɑ̃:/ is /e:/ and unstressed short high vowels were lost after a heavy syllable, the expected outcome would have been *sēm- (sometimes *sem-; see below). Two developments interfered. First, lack of i-umlaut shows that the final *-i was replaced with *-a in this prefix, perhaps by analogy with its synonym *halba- (later healf-). Second, the root vowel shows shortening, since without i-umlaut the regular outcome of /ɑ̃:/ is /o:/.\nIn most compounds of sam- this shortening is expected, since a prehistoric sound change shortened long vowels before (1) clusters of three consonants, (2) two consonants plus two syllables, or (3) geminates. This shortening could have been eliminated by analogy in many cases (there is no way to know how often, as Old English manuscripts do not normally mark vowel length), but it was apparently maintained in sam-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "ang-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"half-"
],
"links": [
[
"half-",
"half-"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literally) half-"
],
"tags": [
"literally",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"partially"
],
"links": [
[
"partially",
"partially"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) partially"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɑm/"
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English prefixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*samaz",
"4": "",
"5": "together"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *samaz (“together”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*somHós",
"4": "",
"5": "same"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sem-",
"4": "",
"5": "one, together"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one, together”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "samen",
"3": "",
"4": "together"
},
"expansion": "Old English samen (“together”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "same",
"3": "",
"4": "manner, similitude"
},
"expansion": "Old English same (“manner, similitude”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *samaz (“together”), from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”), Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one, together”). Compare Old English samen (“together”), Old English same (“manner, similitude”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "ang-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "unanimous, \"same-hearted\"",
"text": "samheort",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"union, combination, agreement; together, con-"
],
"links": [
[
"union",
"union"
],
[
"combination",
"combination"
],
[
"agreement",
"agreement"
],
[
"together",
"together"
],
[
"con-",
"con-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɑm/"
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "sam-"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: sam-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: sam-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "sam-"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: sam-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: sam-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "sam-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: sam-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: sam-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "sam-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: sam-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: sam-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "sam-"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: sam-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: sam-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "sam-"
},
"expansion": "Danish: sam-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: sam-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sem-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*samaz",
"4": "",
"5": "same, alike"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *samaz (“same, alike”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*somHós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *somHós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *samaz (“same, alike”), from Proto-Indo-European *somHós.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse lemmas",
"Old Norse prefixes",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Norse terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sem-",
"Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"together, con-"
],
"links": [
[
"together",
"together"
],
[
"con-",
"con-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Baltic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "sam-"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: sam-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: sam-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "so-"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: so-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: so-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Baltic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "sen-"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: sen-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: sen-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sǫ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *sǫ-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *sǫ- (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*som-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *som-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*sem-",
"3": "",
"4": "together, one"
},
"expansion": "*sem- (“together, one”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *som-, from *sem- (“together, one”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*sam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/sam-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Balto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Balto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Balto-Slavic prefixes",
"Proto-Balto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Balto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"together"
],
"links": [
[
"together",
"together"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"alt": "*sam-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sam-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sam-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "सम्-"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: सम्- (sam-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: सम्- (sam-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*ham-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *ham-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *ham- (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sem-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*som-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *som-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*sem-"
},
"expansion": "*sem-",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *som-, from *sem-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*sam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/sam-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian prefixes",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sem-",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"together, joint, paired"
],
"links": [
[
"together",
"together"
],
[
"joint",
"joint"
],
[
"paired",
"paired"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-gzn-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Georgian-Zan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Georgian-Zan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oge",
"2": "სამი"
},
"expansion": "Old Georgian: სამი (sami)\nGeorgian: სამი (sami)\n→? Old Armenian: սահմի (sahmi)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Georgian: სამი (sami)\nGeorgian: სამი (sami)\n→? Old Armenian: սահմի (sahmi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Zan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "სუმ",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Laz: სუმ (sum), სუმი (sumi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Laz: სუმ (sum), სუმი (sumi)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xmf",
"2": "სუმი"
},
"expansion": "Mingrelian: სუმი (sumi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mingrelian: სუმი (sumi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sva",
"2": "სემი"
},
"expansion": "Svan: სემი (semi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Svan: სემი (semi)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-pro",
"2": "numeral"
},
"expansion": "*sam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Kartvelian",
"lang_code": "ccs-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/sam-",
"pos": "num",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Kartvelian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Kartvelian lemmas",
"Proto-Kartvelian numerals"
],
"glosses": [
"three"
],
"links": [
[
"three",
"three"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "sam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "samla"
},
{
"word": "samma"
},
{
"word": "samman"
},
{
"word": "sams"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "sär-"
}
],
"categories": [
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish prefixes"
],
"glosses": [
"together, co-, con-"
],
"links": [
[
"together",
"together"
],
[
"co-",
"co-"
],
[
"con-",
"con-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᜐᜋ᜔",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix form",
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "sam- (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜋ᜔)",
"name": "tl-head"
}
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "b⟩ or ⟨p",
"word": "sang-"
},
{
"extra": "b⟩ or ⟨p",
"word": "with roots that begin with"
}
],
"categories": [
"Tagalog 1-syllable words",
"Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"Tagalog non-lemma forms",
"Tagalog prefix forms",
"Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of sang-, with roots that begin with ⟨b⟩ or ⟨p⟩."
],
"links": [
[
"sang-",
"sang-#Tagalog"
],
[
"root",
"root word"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "/sam/"
},
{
"other": "[sɐm]"
}
],
"word": "sam-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.