See ruza on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "fr",
"3": "ruse"
},
"expansion": "French ruse",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "la",
"3": "recūsāre"
},
"expansion": "Latin recūsāre",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French ruse, perhaps derived from Latin recūsāre, from recūsō (“to decline, refuse; to object to, protest, reject”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruzan",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzaj",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzajn",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruza (accusative singular ruzan, plural ruzaj, accusative plural ruzajn)",
"name": "eo-head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧za"
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ruzaĵo"
},
{
"word": "ruzeco"
},
{
"word": "ruzi"
},
{
"word": "ruzo"
},
{
"word": "ruzulo"
},
{
"word": "senruza"
},
{
"word": "superruzi"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ruse; cunning, sly"
],
"id": "en-ruza-eo-adj-BHzYbgH5",
"links": [
[
"ruse",
"ruse#English"
],
[
"cunning",
"cunning#English"
],
[
"sly",
"sly#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈruza]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uza"
}
],
"word": "ruza"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vep-decl-kuva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruza",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruziden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive-instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive-instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzaks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzikš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruziš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzaspäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzišpäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzaha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzihe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzal",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzalpäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzilpäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzale",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzile",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzata",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzanke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzidenke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzadme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"prolative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzidme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prolative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzanno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-i",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzidenno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-i",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzannoks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-ii",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzidennoks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-ii",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzannopäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzidennopäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzahasai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-i"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzhasai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-i"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzihesai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative",
"terminative-i"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzalesai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzilesai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative",
"terminative-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzassai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-iii"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative",
"terminative-iii"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzahapäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-i",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzhapäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-i",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzihepäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-i",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzalepäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-ii",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzilepäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-ii",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "adjectives",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "kaikiš",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ruza",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruza",
"name": "vep-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruza"
},
"name": "vep-decl-kuva"
}
],
"lang": "Veps",
"lang_code": "vep",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Veps entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Veps kuva-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "vep",
"name": "Colors",
"orig": "vep:Colors",
"parents": [
"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pink"
],
"id": "en-ruza-vep-adj-pnpByLx5",
"links": [
[
"pink",
"pink"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ruza"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "ruzaĵo"
},
{
"word": "ruzeco"
},
{
"word": "ruzi"
},
{
"word": "ruzo"
},
{
"word": "ruzulo"
},
{
"word": "senruza"
},
{
"word": "superruzi"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "fr",
"3": "ruse"
},
"expansion": "French ruse",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "la",
"3": "recūsāre"
},
"expansion": "Latin recūsāre",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French ruse, perhaps derived from Latin recūsāre, from recūsō (“to decline, refuse; to object to, protest, reject”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruzan",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzaj",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzajn",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruza (accusative singular ruzan, plural ruzaj, accusative plural ruzajn)",
"name": "eo-head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧za"
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Esperanto adjectives",
"Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"Esperanto lemmas",
"Esperanto terms borrowed from French",
"Esperanto terms derived from French",
"Esperanto terms derived from Latin",
"Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Esperanto terms with audio pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Esperanto/uza"
],
"glosses": [
"ruse; cunning, sly"
],
"links": [
[
"ruse",
"ruse#English"
],
[
"cunning",
"cunning#English"
],
[
"sly",
"sly#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈruza]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uza"
}
],
"word": "ruza"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vep-decl-kuva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruza",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruziden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive-instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive-instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzaks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzikš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruziš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzaspäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzišpäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzaha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzihe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzal",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzalpäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzilpäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzale",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzile",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzata",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzanke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzidenke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzadme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"prolative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzidme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prolative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzanno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-i",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzidenno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-i",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzannoks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-ii",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzidennoks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-ii",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzannopäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzidennopäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzahasai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-i"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzhasai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-i"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzihesai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative",
"terminative-i"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzalesai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzilesai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative",
"terminative-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzassai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-iii"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative",
"terminative-iii"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzahapäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-i",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzhapäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-i",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzihepäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-i",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzalepäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-ii",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruzilepäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-ii",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "adjectives",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "kaikiš",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ruza",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruza",
"name": "vep-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruza"
},
"name": "vep-decl-kuva"
}
],
"lang": "Veps",
"lang_code": "vep",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Veps adjectives",
"Veps entries with incorrect language header",
"Veps kuva-type nominals",
"Veps lemmas",
"vep:Colors"
],
"glosses": [
"pink"
],
"links": [
[
"pink",
"pink"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ruza"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ruza meaning in All languages combined (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.