See ruffe on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "striped ruffe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sea ruffe"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ruff, referring to the dorsal spines.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruffes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruffe (plural ruffes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Perch and darters",
"orig": "en:Perch and darters",
"parents": [
"Percoid fish",
"Fish",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Gymnocephalus cernua, a small Eurasian freshwater fish."
],
"id": "en-ruffe-en-noun-bvsDOOp6",
"links": [
[
"Gymnocephalus cernua",
"Gymnocephalus cernua#Translingual"
],
[
"small",
"small"
],
[
"Eurasian",
"Eurasian"
],
[
"freshwater",
"freshwater"
],
[
"fish",
"fish"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
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},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ingrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kashubian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kildin Sami translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latgalian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Votic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Perch and darters",
"orig": "en:Perch and darters",
"parents": [
"Percoid fish",
"Fish",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Other species in the same genus."
],
"id": "en-ruffe-en-noun-1VWrMtfd",
"links": [
[
"Other",
"other"
],
[
"species",
"species"
],
[
"same",
"same"
],
[
"genus",
"genus"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "džhir",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "джгір"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bopan",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бопан"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ropec",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ропец"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ježdík"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"word": "kiisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"word": "kiiski"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grémille"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kaulbarsch"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "perkáki",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "περκάκι"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"word": "durbincs"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"word": "joršši"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"word": "kiiski"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "acerina"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "csb",
"lang": "Kashubian",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"word": "jôżdż"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"word": "keiss"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"word": "ķīsis"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Steepiisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "jazgarz"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jorš",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ёрш"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "sjd",
"lang": "Kildin Sami",
"roman": "jår̥r̥’š",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"word": "ёаҏҏьш"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "gärs"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "snorgärs"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "gers"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "jorž",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"word": "йорж"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 76",
"code": "vot",
"lang": "Votic",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"word": "joršši"
}
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ruff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pope"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "G. cernua",
"word": "Eurasian ruffe"
}
],
"word": "ruffe"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ruffe",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "rof"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of rof"
],
"id": "en-ruffe-enm-noun-Q4S4hlXU",
"links": [
[
"rof",
"rof#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "ruffe"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Kashubian translations",
"Terms with Kildin Sami translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Votic translations",
"en:Perch and darters"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "striped ruffe"
},
{
"word": "sea ruffe"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ruff, referring to the dorsal spines.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruffes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
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],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Gymnocephalus cernua, a small Eurasian freshwater fish."
],
"links": [
[
"Gymnocephalus cernua",
"Gymnocephalus cernua#Translingual"
],
[
"small",
"small"
],
[
"Eurasian",
"Eurasian"
],
[
"freshwater",
"freshwater"
],
[
"fish",
"fish"
]
]
},
{
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],
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"other"
],
[
"species",
"species"
],
[
"same",
"same"
],
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]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ruff"
},
{
"word": "pope"
},
{
"alt": "G. cernua",
"word": "Eurasian ruffe"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "džhir",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "джгір"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bopan",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бопан"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ropec",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ропец"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ježdík"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"word": "kiisk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"word": "kiiski"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grémille"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kaulbarsch"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "perkáki",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "περκάκι"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"word": "durbincs"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"word": "joršši"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"word": "kiiski"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "acerina"
},
{
"code": "csb",
"lang": "Kashubian",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"word": "jôżdż"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"word": "keiss"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"word": "ķīsis"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Steepiisch"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "jazgarz"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jorš",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ёрш"
},
{
"code": "sjd",
"lang": "Kildin Sami",
"roman": "jår̥r̥’š",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"word": "ёаҏҏьш"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "gärs"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "snorgärs"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "gers"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "jorž",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"word": "йорж"
},
{
"code": "vot",
"lang": "Votic",
"sense": "fish of the genus Gymnocephalus",
"word": "joršši"
}
],
"word": "ruffe"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ruffe",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "rof"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of rof"
],
"links": [
[
"rof",
"rof#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "ruffe"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ruffe meaning in All languages combined (5.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.