"rovinare" meaning in All languages combined

See rovinare on Wiktionary

Verb [Italian]

IPA: /ro.viˈna.re/
Rhymes: -are Etymology: From Latin ruīnāre (“to ruin”). By surface analysis, rovina + -are. Compare Spanish ruinar, arruinar, French ruiner, Piedmontese ruiné, ruviné. Etymology templates: {{uder|it|la|ruino|ruīnāre|t=to ruin}} Latin ruīnāre (“to ruin”), {{surf|it|rovina|-are}} By surface analysis, rovina + -are, {{cog|es|ruinar}} Spanish ruinar, {{cog|fr|ruiner}} French ruiner, {{cog|pms|ruiné}} Piedmontese ruiné Head templates: {{it-verb|a􂀿transitive􂁀:e􂀿intransitive􂁀/ì}} rovinàre (first-person singular present rovìno, first-person singular past historic rovinài, past participle rovinàto, auxiliary (transitive) avére or (intransitive) èssere) Inflection templates: {{it-conj|a􂀿transitive􂁀:e􂀿intransitive􂁀/ì}} Forms: rovinàre [canonical], rovìno [first-person, present, singular], rovinài [first-person, historic, past, singular], rovinàto [participle, past], avére [auxiliary, transitive], èssere [auxiliary, intransitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], rovinàre [infinitive], avére [auxiliary, transitive], èssere [auxiliary, intransitive], rovinàndo [gerund], rovinànte [participle, present], rovinàto [participle, past], rovìno [first-person, indicative, present, singular], rovìni [indicative, present, second-person, singular], rovìna [indicative, present, singular, third-person], roviniàmo [first-person, indicative, plural, present], rovinàte [indicative, plural, present, second-person], rovìnano [indicative, plural, present, third-person], rovinàvo [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], rovinàvi [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], rovinàva [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], rovinavàmo [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], rovinavàte [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], rovinàvano [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], rovinài [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], rovinàsti [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], rovinò [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], rovinàmmo [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], rovinàste [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], rovinàrono [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], rovinerò [first-person, future, indicative, singular], rovinerài [future, indicative, second-person, singular], rovinerà [future, indicative, singular, third-person], rovinerémo [first-person, future, indicative, plural], rovineréte [future, indicative, plural, second-person], rovinerànno [future, indicative, plural, third-person], rovinerèi [conditional, first-person, present, singular], rovinerésti [conditional, present, second-person, singular], rovinerèbbe [conditional, present, singular, third-person], rovinerébbe [conditional, present, singular, third-person], rovinerémmo [conditional, first-person, plural, present], rovineréste [conditional, plural, present, second-person], rovinerèbbero [conditional, plural, present, third-person], rovinerébbero [conditional, plural, present, third-person], rovìni [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], rovìni [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], rovìni [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], roviniàmo [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], roviniàte [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], rovìnino [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], rovinàssi [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], rovinàssi [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], rovinàsse [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], rovinàssimo [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], rovinàste [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], rovinàssero [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], rovìna [imperative, second-person, singular], rovìni [formal, imperative, second-person-semantically, singular, third-person], roviniàmo [first-person, imperative, plural], rovinàte [imperative, plural, second-person], rovìnino [formal, imperative, plural, second-person-semantically, third-person], rovinàre [imperative, negative, second-person, singular], rovìni [formal, imperative, negative, second-person-semantically, singular, third-person], roviniàmo [first-person, imperative, negative, plural], rovinàte [imperative, negative, plural, second-person], rovìnino [formal, imperative, negative, plural, second-person-semantically, third-person]
  1. (transitive) to ruin, to wreck, to spoil, to botch Tags: transitive Synonyms: sciupare
    Sense id: en-rovinare-it-verb-OqzXme4y Categories (other): Italian entries with incorrect language header, Italian links with redundant wikilinks, Italian terms suffixed with -are, Italian undefined derivations, Italian verbs ending in -are, Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary, Italian verbs taking essere as auxiliary, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Italian entries with incorrect language header: 20 35 35 9 Disambiguation of Italian links with redundant wikilinks: 31 32 32 5 Disambiguation of Italian terms suffixed with -are: 27 27 27 20 Disambiguation of Italian undefined derivations: 31 34 34 2 Disambiguation of Italian verbs ending in -are: 28 27 29 17 Disambiguation of Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary: 28 23 23 25 Disambiguation of Italian verbs taking essere as auxiliary: 28 23 23 25 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 20 31 31 18 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 23 24 27 26
  2. (intransitive) to collapse, to fall, to hurtle down, to crash down, to tumble [auxiliary essere] Tags: intransitive Synonyms: crollare, precipitare
    Sense id: en-rovinare-it-verb-S-MEiDBb Categories (other): Italian entries with incorrect language header, Italian links with redundant wikilinks, Italian terms suffixed with -are, Italian undefined derivations, Italian verbs ending in -are, Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary, Italian verbs taking essere as auxiliary, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Italian entries with incorrect language header: 20 35 35 9 Disambiguation of Italian links with redundant wikilinks: 31 32 32 5 Disambiguation of Italian terms suffixed with -are: 27 27 27 20 Disambiguation of Italian undefined derivations: 31 34 34 2 Disambiguation of Italian verbs ending in -are: 28 27 29 17 Disambiguation of Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary: 28 23 23 25 Disambiguation of Italian verbs taking essere as auxiliary: 28 23 23 25 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 20 31 31 18 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 23 24 27 26
  3. (intransitive) to collapse, to fall, to hurtle down, to crash down, to tumble [auxiliary essere]
    (rare) of people     Tags: intransitive, rare Synonyms: crollare, precipitare
    Sense id: en-rovinare-it-verb-DoSwlfbm Categories (other): Italian entries with incorrect language header, Italian links with redundant wikilinks, Italian terms suffixed with -are, Italian undefined derivations, Italian verbs ending in -are, Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary, Italian verbs taking essere as auxiliary, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Italian entries with incorrect language header: 20 35 35 9 Disambiguation of Italian links with redundant wikilinks: 31 32 32 5 Disambiguation of Italian terms suffixed with -are: 27 27 27 20 Disambiguation of Italian undefined derivations: 31 34 34 2 Disambiguation of Italian verbs ending in -are: 28 27 29 17 Disambiguation of Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary: 28 23 23 25 Disambiguation of Italian verbs taking essere as auxiliary: 28 23 23 25 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 20 31 31 18 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 23 24 27 26
  4. (reflexive) See rovinarsi. Tags: reflexive
    Sense id: en-rovinare-it-verb-SPKLbKQG Categories (other): Italian terms suffixed with -are, Italian verbs ending in -are, Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary, Italian verbs taking essere as auxiliary, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Italian terms suffixed with -are: 27 27 27 20 Disambiguation of Italian verbs ending in -are: 28 27 29 17 Disambiguation of Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary: 28 23 23 25 Disambiguation of Italian verbs taking essere as auxiliary: 28 23 23 25 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 20 31 31 18 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 23 24 27 26
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: ruinare, ruvinare [archaic] Related terms: rovina, rovinaccio, rovinamento, rovinaticcio, rovinato, rovinatore, rovinio, rovinismo, rovinista, rovinoso

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "ruino",
        "4": "ruīnāre",
        "t": "to ruin"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ruīnāre (“to ruin”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "rovina",
        "3": "-are"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, rovina + -are",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "ruinar"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish ruinar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ruiner"
      },
      "expansion": "French ruiner",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pms",
        "2": "ruiné"
      },
      "expansion": "Piedmontese ruiné",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin ruīnāre (“to ruin”). By surface analysis, rovina + -are. Compare Spanish ruinar, arruinar, French ruiner, Piedmontese ruiné, ruviné.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rovinàre",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìno",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinài",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàto",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avére",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "èssere",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "it-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avére",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "èssere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàndo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinànte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìno",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìna",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roviniàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìnano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàvo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàvi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàva",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinavàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinavàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàvano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinài",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàsti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinò",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàmmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàrono",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinerò",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinerài",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinerà",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinerémo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovineréte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinerànno",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinerèi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinerésti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinerèbbe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinerébbe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinerémmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovineréste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinerèbbero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinerébbero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roviniàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roviniàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìnino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàssi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàssi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàsse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàssimo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàssero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìna",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roviniàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìnino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roviniàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìnino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a􂀿transitive􂁀:e􂀿intransitive􂁀/ì"
      },
      "expansion": "rovinàre (first-person singular present rovìno, first-person singular past historic rovinài, past participle rovinàto, auxiliary (transitive) avére or (intransitive) èssere)",
      "name": "it-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ro‧vi‧nà‧re"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a􂀿transitive􂁀:e􂀿intransitive􂁀/ì"
      },
      "name": "it-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "rovina"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "rovinaccio"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "rovinamento"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "rovinaticcio"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "rovinato"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "rovinatore"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "rovinio"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "rovinismo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "rovinista"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "rovinoso"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 35 35 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 32 32 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 27 27 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian terms suffixed with -are",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 34 34 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian undefined derivations",
          "parents": [
            "Undefined derivations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 27 29 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs ending in -are",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 23 23 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 23 23 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs taking essere as auxiliary",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 31 31 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 24 27 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to ruin, to wreck, to spoil, to botch"
      ],
      "id": "en-rovinare-it-verb-OqzXme4y",
      "links": [
        [
          "ruin",
          "ruin"
        ],
        [
          "wreck",
          "wreck"
        ],
        [
          "spoil",
          "spoil"
        ],
        [
          "botch",
          "botch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to ruin, to wreck, to spoil, to botch"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "sciupare"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 35 35 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 32 32 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 27 27 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian terms suffixed with -are",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 34 34 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian undefined derivations",
          "parents": [
            "Undefined derivations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 27 29 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs ending in -are",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 23 23 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 23 23 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs taking essere as auxiliary",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 31 31 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 24 27 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "the avalanche tumbled on the mountain retreat",
          "text": "la valanga rovinò sul rifugio",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to collapse, to fall, to hurtle down, to crash down, to tumble"
      ],
      "id": "en-rovinare-it-verb-S-MEiDBb",
      "links": [
        [
          "collapse",
          "collapse"
        ],
        [
          "fall",
          "fall"
        ],
        [
          "hurtle",
          "hurtle"
        ],
        [
          "crash",
          "crash"
        ],
        [
          "tumble",
          "tumble"
        ],
        [
          "essere",
          "essere#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to collapse, to fall, to hurtle down, to crash down, to tumble [auxiliary essere]"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "crollare"
        },
        {
          "word": "precipitare"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 35 35 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 32 32 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 27 27 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian terms suffixed with -are",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 34 34 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian undefined derivations",
          "parents": [
            "Undefined derivations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 27 29 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs ending in -are",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 23 23 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 23 23 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs taking essere as auxiliary",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 31 31 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 24 27 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "While I was rushing downward to the lowland, before my eyes presented himself he who looked dim due to long-continued silence.",
          "ref": "1300s–1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto I”, in Inferno [Hell], lines 61–63; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate], 2ⁿᵈ revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:",
          "text": "Mentre ch’i’ rovinava in basso loco, ¶ dinanzi a li occhi mi si fu offerto ¶ chi per lungo silenzio parea fioco.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to collapse, to fall, to hurtle down, to crash down, to tumble",
        "of people"
      ],
      "id": "en-rovinare-it-verb-DoSwlfbm",
      "links": [
        [
          "collapse",
          "collapse"
        ],
        [
          "fall",
          "fall"
        ],
        [
          "hurtle",
          "hurtle"
        ],
        [
          "crash",
          "crash"
        ],
        [
          "tumble",
          "tumble"
        ],
        [
          "essere",
          "essere#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to collapse, to fall, to hurtle down, to crash down, to tumble [auxiliary essere]",
        "(rare) of people"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "crollare"
        },
        {
          "word": "precipitare"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 27 27 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian terms suffixed with -are",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 27 29 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs ending in -are",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 23 23 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 23 23 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs taking essere as auxiliary",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 31 31 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 24 27 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "See rovinarsi."
      ],
      "id": "en-rovinare-it-verb-SPKLbKQG",
      "links": [
        [
          "rovinarsi",
          "rovinarsi#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive) See rovinarsi."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ro.viˈna.re/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-are"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ruinare"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "ruvinare"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rovinare"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Italian 4-syllable words",
    "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Italian lemmas",
    "Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Italian terms derived from Latin",
    "Italian terms suffixed with -are",
    "Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Italian undefined derivations",
    "Italian verbs",
    "Italian verbs ending in -are",
    "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
    "Italian verbs taking essere as auxiliary",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Italian/are",
    "Rhymes:Italian/are/4 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "ruino",
        "4": "ruīnāre",
        "t": "to ruin"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ruīnāre (“to ruin”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "rovina",
        "3": "-are"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, rovina + -are",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "ruinar"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish ruinar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ruiner"
      },
      "expansion": "French ruiner",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pms",
        "2": "ruiné"
      },
      "expansion": "Piedmontese ruiné",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin ruīnāre (“to ruin”). By surface analysis, rovina + -are. Compare Spanish ruinar, arruinar, French ruiner, Piedmontese ruiné, ruviné.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rovinàre",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìno",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinài",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàto",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avére",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "èssere",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "it-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avére",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "èssere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàndo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinànte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìno",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìna",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roviniàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìnano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàvo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàvi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàva",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinavàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinavàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàvano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinài",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàsti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinò",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàmmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàrono",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinerò",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinerài",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinerà",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinerémo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovineréte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinerànno",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinerèi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinerésti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinerèbbe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinerébbe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinerémmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovineréste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinerèbbero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinerébbero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roviniàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roviniàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìnino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàssi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàssi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàsse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàssimo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàssero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìna",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roviniàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìnino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roviniàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovinàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rovìnino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a􂀿transitive􂁀:e􂀿intransitive􂁀/ì"
      },
      "expansion": "rovinàre (first-person singular present rovìno, first-person singular past historic rovinài, past participle rovinàto, auxiliary (transitive) avére or (intransitive) èssere)",
      "name": "it-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ro‧vi‧nà‧re"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a􂀿transitive􂁀:e􂀿intransitive􂁀/ì"
      },
      "name": "it-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "rovina"
    },
    {
      "word": "rovinaccio"
    },
    {
      "word": "rovinamento"
    },
    {
      "word": "rovinaticcio"
    },
    {
      "word": "rovinato"
    },
    {
      "word": "rovinatore"
    },
    {
      "word": "rovinio"
    },
    {
      "word": "rovinismo"
    },
    {
      "word": "rovinista"
    },
    {
      "word": "rovinoso"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to ruin, to wreck, to spoil, to botch"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ruin",
          "ruin"
        ],
        [
          "wreck",
          "wreck"
        ],
        [
          "spoil",
          "spoil"
        ],
        [
          "botch",
          "botch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to ruin, to wreck, to spoil, to botch"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "sciupare"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian intransitive verbs",
        "Italian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "the avalanche tumbled on the mountain retreat",
          "text": "la valanga rovinò sul rifugio",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to collapse, to fall, to hurtle down, to crash down, to tumble"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "collapse",
          "collapse"
        ],
        [
          "fall",
          "fall"
        ],
        [
          "hurtle",
          "hurtle"
        ],
        [
          "crash",
          "crash"
        ],
        [
          "tumble",
          "tumble"
        ],
        [
          "essere",
          "essere#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to collapse, to fall, to hurtle down, to crash down, to tumble [auxiliary essere]"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "crollare"
        },
        {
          "word": "precipitare"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian intransitive verbs",
        "Italian terms with quotations",
        "Italian terms with rare senses",
        "Italian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "While I was rushing downward to the lowland, before my eyes presented himself he who looked dim due to long-continued silence.",
          "ref": "1300s–1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto I”, in Inferno [Hell], lines 61–63; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate], 2ⁿᵈ revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:",
          "text": "Mentre ch’i’ rovinava in basso loco, ¶ dinanzi a li occhi mi si fu offerto ¶ chi per lungo silenzio parea fioco.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to collapse, to fall, to hurtle down, to crash down, to tumble",
        "of people"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "collapse",
          "collapse"
        ],
        [
          "fall",
          "fall"
        ],
        [
          "hurtle",
          "hurtle"
        ],
        [
          "crash",
          "crash"
        ],
        [
          "tumble",
          "tumble"
        ],
        [
          "essere",
          "essere#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to collapse, to fall, to hurtle down, to crash down, to tumble [auxiliary essere]",
        "(rare) of people"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "crollare"
        },
        {
          "word": "precipitare"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "See rovinarsi."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rovinarsi",
          "rovinarsi#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive) See rovinarsi."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ro.viˈna.re/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-are"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "ruinare"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "ruvinare"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rovinare"
}

Download raw JSONL data for rovinare meaning in All languages combined (11.4kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.