See rotten borough on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "historical"
},
"expansion": "sense 1",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hrew-",
"4": "*bʰerǵʰ-",
"5": "*bʰergʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rotten",
"3": "borough",
"notext": "1",
"t1": "in a state of decay",
"t2": "type of administrative district",
"type": "endocentric"
},
"expansion": "rotten (“in a state of decay”) + borough (“type of administrative district”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rotten (“in a state of decay”) + borough (“type of administrative district”), because such boroughs were regarded as having “decayed” due to their voters moving away to other places.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rotten boroughs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rotten borough (plural rotten boroughs)",
"name": "en-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chiefly",
"3": "UK",
"4": "politics"
},
"expansion": "(chiefly UK, politics)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"rot‧ten"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "59 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English endocentric compounds",
"parents": [
"Endocentric compounds",
"Compound terms",
"Terms by etymology"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "88 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "88 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "88 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "88 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "92 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Administrative divisions",
"orig": "en:Administrative divisions",
"parents": [
"Government",
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "en:Politics",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"word": "close borough"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"word": "pocket borough"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, “Crawley of Queen’s Crawley”, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC, page 57:",
"text": "[…] Queen's Crawley was no longer so populous a place as it had been in Queen Bess's time—nay, was come down to that condition of borough which used to be denominated rotten–yet, as Sir Pitt Crawley would say with perfect justice in his elegant way, \"Rotten! be hanged—it produces me a good fifteen hundred a year.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A parliamentary borough that was represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly that they were largely controlled by the main landowner; such boroughs were abolished in the 19th century."
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"word": "nomination borough"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"word": "proprietorial borough"
}
],
"id": "en-rotten_borough-en-noun-en:historical",
"links": [
[
"parliamentary",
"parliamentary"
],
[
"borough",
"borough"
],
[
"represent",
"represent"
],
[
"Parliament",
"parliament"
],
[
"number",
"number#Noun"
],
[
"voter",
"voter"
],
[
"diminish",
"diminish"
],
[
"greatly",
"greatly"
],
[
"largely",
"largely"
],
[
"controlled",
"control#Verb"
],
[
"main",
"main#Adjective"
],
[
"landowner",
"landowner"
],
[
"abolish",
"abolish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A parliamentary borough that was represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly that they were largely controlled by the main landowner; such boroughs were abolished in the 19th century."
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"word": "safe seat"
}
],
"senseid": [
"en:historical"
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"word": "burgu usteldu"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gnil rajon",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гнил район"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"word": "腐敗選區"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fǔbàixuǎnqū",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"word": "腐败选区"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"word": "lahonnut kauppala"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bourg pourri"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"word": "מחוז רקוב ומחוז כיס"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "borgo putrido"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"alt": "ふはいせんきょく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fuhaisenkyoku",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"word": "腐敗選挙区"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "gnil réon",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гнил ре́он"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "råtten valgkrets"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lommevalgkrets"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zgniłe miasteczko"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gnilóje mestéčko",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"word": "гнило́е месте́чко"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "burgo podrido"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation."
],
"id": "en-rotten_borough-en-noun-8r8LhAnb",
"links": [
[
"constituency",
"constituency"
],
[
"electoral district",
"electoral district"
],
[
"similar",
"similar#Adjective"
],
[
"situation",
"situation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) A parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"broadly"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌɹɒtn̩ ˈbʌɹə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌɹɑtn̩ ˈbʌɹoʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˈbɜ-/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˌɹɑʔn̩-]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rotten borough.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/En-us-rotten_borough.ogg/En-us-rotten_borough.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/En-us-rotten_borough.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɹə"
}
],
"word": "rotten borough"
}
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English adjective-noun compound nouns",
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English endocentric compounds",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hrew-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰergʰ-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerǵʰ-",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for gender in Hebrew entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɹə",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɹə/4 syllables",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Administrative divisions",
"en:Politics"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "close borough"
},
{
"word": "pocket borough"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "historical"
},
"expansion": "sense 1",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hrew-",
"4": "*bʰerǵʰ-",
"5": "*bʰergʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rotten",
"3": "borough",
"notext": "1",
"t1": "in a state of decay",
"t2": "type of administrative district",
"type": "endocentric"
},
"expansion": "rotten (“in a state of decay”) + borough (“type of administrative district”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rotten (“in a state of decay”) + borough (“type of administrative district”), because such boroughs were regarded as having “decayed” due to their voters moving away to other places.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rotten boroughs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rotten borough (plural rotten boroughs)",
"name": "en-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chiefly",
"3": "UK",
"4": "politics"
},
"expansion": "(chiefly UK, politics)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "nomination borough"
},
{
"word": "proprietorial borough"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"rot‧ten"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "safe seat"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, “Crawley of Queen’s Crawley”, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC, page 57:",
"text": "[…] Queen's Crawley was no longer so populous a place as it had been in Queen Bess's time—nay, was come down to that condition of borough which used to be denominated rotten–yet, as Sir Pitt Crawley would say with perfect justice in his elegant way, \"Rotten! be hanged—it produces me a good fifteen hundred a year.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A parliamentary borough that was represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly that they were largely controlled by the main landowner; such boroughs were abolished in the 19th century."
],
"links": [
[
"parliamentary",
"parliamentary"
],
[
"borough",
"borough"
],
[
"represent",
"represent"
],
[
"Parliament",
"parliament"
],
[
"number",
"number#Noun"
],
[
"voter",
"voter"
],
[
"diminish",
"diminish"
],
[
"greatly",
"greatly"
],
[
"largely",
"largely"
],
[
"controlled",
"control#Verb"
],
[
"main",
"main#Adjective"
],
[
"landowner",
"landowner"
],
[
"abolish",
"abolish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A parliamentary borough that was represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly that they were largely controlled by the main landowner; such boroughs were abolished in the 19th century."
],
"senseid": [
"en:historical"
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation."
],
"links": [
[
"constituency",
"constituency"
],
[
"electoral district",
"electoral district"
],
[
"similar",
"similar#Adjective"
],
[
"situation",
"situation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) A parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"broadly"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌɹɒtn̩ ˈbʌɹə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌɹɑtn̩ ˈbʌɹoʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˈbɜ-/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˌɹɑʔn̩-]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rotten borough.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/En-us-rotten_borough.ogg/En-us-rotten_borough.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/En-us-rotten_borough.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɹə"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"word": "burgu usteldu"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gnil rajon",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гнил район"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"word": "腐敗選區"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fǔbàixuǎnqū",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"word": "腐败选区"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"word": "lahonnut kauppala"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bourg pourri"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"word": "מחוז רקוב ומחוז כיס"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "borgo putrido"
},
{
"alt": "ふはいせんきょく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fuhaisenkyoku",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"word": "腐敗選挙区"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "gnil réon",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гнил ре́он"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "råtten valgkrets"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lommevalgkrets"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zgniłe miasteczko"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gnilóje mestéčko",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"word": "гнило́е месте́чко"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "parliamentary borough represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly they were largely controlled by the main landowner; parliamentary constituency or electoral district in a similar situation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "burgo podrido"
}
],
"word": "rotten borough"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rotten borough meaning in All languages combined (9.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.