See rivel on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rivelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rivelen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rifelan"
},
"expansion": "Old English rifelan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ribjōną",
"t": "to wrap; wind; roll; twist; coil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ribjōną (“to wrap; wind; roll; twist; coil”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rive",
"3": "-le",
"alt2": "-el",
"pos2": "frequentative suffix"
},
"expansion": "rive + -el (frequentative suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rifja",
"t": "to rake (hay) into rows or furrows"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rifja (“to rake (hay) into rows or furrows”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rivelen, from Old English rifelan, riflian (“to wrinkle”), from a frequentative form of Proto-Germanic *ribjōną (“to wrap; wind; roll; twist; coil”), equivalent to rive + -el (frequentative suffix). Related to Old Norse rifja (“to rake (hay) into rows or furrows”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rivels",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rivelling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rivelled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rivelled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "++"
},
"expansion": "rivel (third-person singular simple present rivels, present participle rivelling, simple past and past participle rivelled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 33 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -le",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To shrivel, wrinkle (up)."
],
"id": "en-rivel-en-verb-BFO62kc-",
"links": [
[
"shrivel",
"shrivel"
],
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To shrivel, wrinkle (up)."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 33 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -le",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": ", New York Review of Books, 2001, p.279",
"text": "they crucify the soul of man, attenuate our bodies, dry them, wither them, rivel them up like old apples, make them as so many anatomies […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to be wrinkled, to shrivel."
],
"id": "en-rivel-en-verb-2CLNOYX-",
"links": [
[
"shrivel",
"shrivel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cause to be wrinkled, to shrivel."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɪvəl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
}
],
"word": "rivel"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rivelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rivelen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rifelan"
},
"expansion": "Old English rifelan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ribjōną",
"t": "to wrap; wind; roll; twist; coil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ribjōną (“to wrap; wind; roll; twist; coil”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rive",
"3": "-le",
"alt2": "-el",
"pos2": "frequentative suffix"
},
"expansion": "rive + -el (frequentative suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rifja",
"t": "to rake (hay) into rows or furrows"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rifja (“to rake (hay) into rows or furrows”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rivelen, from Old English rifelan, riflian (“to wrinkle”), from a frequentative form of Proto-Germanic *ribjōną (“to wrap; wind; roll; twist; coil”), equivalent to rive + -el (frequentative suffix). Related to Old Norse rifja (“to rake (hay) into rows or furrows”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rivels",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rivel (plural rivels)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 33 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -le",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XII.]”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], (please specify |tome=1 or 2), London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC:",
"text": "It wanteth the due parching and ripening against the sunne: and by that meanes commeth short of the rivels and blacknesse that the outlandish pepper hath.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A wrinkle; a rimple."
],
"id": "en-rivel-en-noun-CHZYIQRW",
"links": [
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
],
[
"rimple",
"rimple"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A wrinkle; a rimple."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɪvəl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
}
],
"word": "rivel"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pdc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Pennsylvania German",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-rfr",
"3": "Riwwel"
},
"expansion": "Rhine Franconian Riwwel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-vog",
"2": "Rievel"
},
"expansion": "Volga German Rievel",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from (Pennsylvania German, from) Palatine Rhine Franconian Riwwel, Ribbel, Riebel (compare Volga German Rievel, Ribel, Riebel).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rivels",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rivel (plural rivels)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 75 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 71 8 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 78 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 85 4 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Foods",
"orig": "en:Foods",
"parents": [
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A kind of small dumpling made from egg and wheat flour, often eaten in soup, especially among the Pennsylvania Dutch and other Germans."
],
"id": "en-rivel-en-noun-GjxoB9R9",
"links": [
[
"dumpling",
"dumpling"
],
[
"egg",
"egg"
],
[
"wheat flour",
"wheat flour"
],
[
"soup",
"soup"
],
[
"Pennsylvania Dutch",
"Pennsylvania Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US) A kind of small dumpling made from egg and wheat flour, often eaten in soup, especially among the Pennsylvania Dutch and other Germans."
],
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"word": "rivel"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Pennsylvania German",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Rhine Franconian",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms suffixed with -le",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Foods"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rivelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rivelen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rifelan"
},
"expansion": "Old English rifelan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ribjōną",
"t": "to wrap; wind; roll; twist; coil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ribjōną (“to wrap; wind; roll; twist; coil”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rive",
"3": "-le",
"alt2": "-el",
"pos2": "frequentative suffix"
},
"expansion": "rive + -el (frequentative suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rifja",
"t": "to rake (hay) into rows or furrows"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rifja (“to rake (hay) into rows or furrows”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rivelen, from Old English rifelan, riflian (“to wrinkle”), from a frequentative form of Proto-Germanic *ribjōną (“to wrap; wind; roll; twist; coil”), equivalent to rive + -el (frequentative suffix). Related to Old Norse rifja (“to rake (hay) into rows or furrows”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rivels",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rivelling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rivelled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rivelled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "++"
},
"expansion": "rivel (third-person singular simple present rivels, present participle rivelling, simple past and past participle rivelled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To shrivel, wrinkle (up)."
],
"links": [
[
"shrivel",
"shrivel"
],
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To shrivel, wrinkle (up)."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": ", New York Review of Books, 2001, p.279",
"text": "they crucify the soul of man, attenuate our bodies, dry them, wither them, rivel them up like old apples, make them as so many anatomies […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to be wrinkled, to shrivel."
],
"links": [
[
"shrivel",
"shrivel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cause to be wrinkled, to shrivel."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɪvəl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
}
],
"word": "rivel"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Pennsylvania German",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Rhine Franconian",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms suffixed with -le",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Foods"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rivelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rivelen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rifelan"
},
"expansion": "Old English rifelan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ribjōną",
"t": "to wrap; wind; roll; twist; coil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ribjōną (“to wrap; wind; roll; twist; coil”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rive",
"3": "-le",
"alt2": "-el",
"pos2": "frequentative suffix"
},
"expansion": "rive + -el (frequentative suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rifja",
"t": "to rake (hay) into rows or furrows"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rifja (“to rake (hay) into rows or furrows”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rivelen, from Old English rifelan, riflian (“to wrinkle”), from a frequentative form of Proto-Germanic *ribjōną (“to wrap; wind; roll; twist; coil”), equivalent to rive + -el (frequentative suffix). Related to Old Norse rifja (“to rake (hay) into rows or furrows”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rivels",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rivel (plural rivels)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XII.]”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], (please specify |tome=1 or 2), London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC:",
"text": "It wanteth the due parching and ripening against the sunne: and by that meanes commeth short of the rivels and blacknesse that the outlandish pepper hath.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A wrinkle; a rimple."
],
"links": [
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
],
[
"rimple",
"rimple"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A wrinkle; a rimple."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɪvəl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
}
],
"word": "rivel"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Pennsylvania German",
"English terms derived from Rhine Franconian",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Foods"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pdc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Pennsylvania German",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-rfr",
"3": "Riwwel"
},
"expansion": "Rhine Franconian Riwwel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-vog",
"2": "Rievel"
},
"expansion": "Volga German Rievel",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from (Pennsylvania German, from) Palatine Rhine Franconian Riwwel, Ribbel, Riebel (compare Volga German Rievel, Ribel, Riebel).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rivels",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rivel (plural rivels)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"American English"
],
"glosses": [
"A kind of small dumpling made from egg and wheat flour, often eaten in soup, especially among the Pennsylvania Dutch and other Germans."
],
"links": [
[
"dumpling",
"dumpling"
],
[
"egg",
"egg"
],
[
"wheat flour",
"wheat flour"
],
[
"soup",
"soup"
],
[
"Pennsylvania Dutch",
"Pennsylvania Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US) A kind of small dumpling made from egg and wheat flour, often eaten in soup, especially among the Pennsylvania Dutch and other Germans."
],
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"word": "rivel"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rivel meaning in All languages combined (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.