See quern on Wiktionary
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"3": "quern"
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"expansion": "Middle English quern",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cweorn",
"4": "",
"5": "quern, hand-mill, mill"
},
"expansion": "Old English cweorn (“quern, hand-mill, mill”)",
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kwernō",
"4": "",
"5": "millstone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kwernō (“millstone”)",
"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷréh₂wō",
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"5": "heavy stone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”)",
"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "kärweñe"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B kärweñe",
"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "girna"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian girna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "жёрнов",
"3": "",
"4": "millstone"
},
"expansion": "Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “millstone”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English quern, cwerne, from Old English cweorn (“quern, hand-mill, mill”), from Proto-Germanic *kwernō (“millstone”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Tocharian B kärweñe, Lithuanian girna, Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “millstone”).",
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{
"form": "querns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
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],
"derived": [
{
"word": "beehive quern"
},
{
"word": "quernstone"
},
{
"word": "saddle quern"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1978, Robert Nye, Merlin:",
"text": "She is shaking in ingredients from various small bottles and querns produced from the pockets of her robes, and from the drawer in the wooden table.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Anne Crone, Ewan Campbell, A Crannog of the First Millennium, AD: Excavations by Jack Scott at Loch Gloshan, Argyll, 1960, page 100:",
"text": "MacKie has noted that querns that were in use in Scotland up to the present day were about 450mm—600mm in diameter and that the lower stone was completely perforated to make it adjustable (MacKie 1987, 5).",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Charles D. Hockensmith, The Millstone Industry, page 212:",
"text": "Not surprisingly, different cultures discovered the suitability of various rock types for manufacturing querns and millstones.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mill for grinding corn, especially a handmill made of two circular stones."
],
"id": "en-quern-en-noun-Z3nmBT7h",
"links": [
[
"mill",
"mill"
],
[
"corn",
"corn"
],
[
"handmill",
"handmill"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "erkankʻ",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "երկանք"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hromel",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хромел"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shǒutuīmó",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "手推磨"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "žernov"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kværn"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kweern"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "handmolen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "mylly"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "käsikivi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "moulin à bras"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "muíño"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Handmühle"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Querne"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bró"
},
{
"code": "sga",
"lang": "Old Irish",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "bró"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "macinatoio a mano"
},
{
"alt": "ひきうす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hikiusu",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "碾き臼"
},
{
"alt": "ひきうす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hikiusu",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "ひき臼"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "destarr",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "دەستاڕ"
},
{
"code": "lki",
"lang": "Laki",
"roman": "deseherr",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "دەسەھەڕ"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "destarr"
},
{
"code": "sdh",
"lang": "Southern Kurdish",
"roman": "desherr",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "دەسھەڕ"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "dzir̃nas"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "dzir̃nus"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "gìrnos"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "braain"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "håndkvern"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "el değirmeni",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "ال دكرمنی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "żarna"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ručnája mélʹnica",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ручна́я ме́льница"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brà"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "žarnov"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "molino de mano"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "molino portátil"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "metate"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kvarn"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "žórna",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "жо́рна"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "breuan"
}
]
}
],
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"ipa": "/kwɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "curn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "quirn"
}
],
"word": "quern"
}
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"3": "quern"
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"expansion": "Middle English quern",
"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"3": "cweorn",
"4": "",
"5": "quern, hand-mill, mill"
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{
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"1": "ru",
"2": "жёрнов",
"3": "",
"4": "millstone"
},
"expansion": "Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “millstone”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English quern, cwerne, from Old English cweorn (“quern, hand-mill, mill”), from Proto-Germanic *kwernō (“millstone”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Tocharian B kärweñe, Lithuanian girna, Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “millstone”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "querns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "querning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "querned",
"tags": [
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"past"
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "en:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1979, Poul Anderson, The Merman's Children, published 2011, unnumbered page:",
"text": "He could almost set aside the longing for Eyjan that ever querned within him—almost—in this place so utterly sundered from everything of hers.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Tina Tuohy, “9: Long Handled Weaving Combs: Problems Determining the Gender of Tool-Maker and Tool-User”, in Moira Donald, Linda Hurcombe, editors, Gender and Material Culture in Archaeological Perspective, page 141:",
"text": "For women he thought these should include combing, spinning, querning, leather and fur-working and be associated with finds of beads, bracelets and perforated teeth.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Greer Gilman, Unleaving: Cloud & Ashes: Three Winter's Tales, page 262:",
"text": "Beyond this now lay only chaos and a querning sea. Time's millstones, grinding bones for bread.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Rachel Pope, Ian Ralston, “17: Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent”, in Tom Moore, Thomas Hugh Moore, X. L. Armada, editors, Atlantic Europe in the First Millennium BC: Crossing the Divide, page 401:",
"text": "From the osteology, a supposed link between squatting facets and prehistoric women—and by extension the interpretation that women were engaged in querning activity—is not demonstrated for the Iron Age: of the thirteen with the complaint in Deal, Kent, 62 per cent were male (Anderson 1995: table 29).",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To grind; to use a quern."
],
"id": "en-quern-en-verb-vTgRAncw",
"links": [
[
"grind",
"grind"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To grind; to use a quern."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "quirn"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kwɝn/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
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}
],
"synonyms": [
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"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "curn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "quirn"
}
],
"word": "quern"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pepyrquerne"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "quern",
"3": "kern",
"4": "curn",
"5": "quirn"
},
"expansion": "English: quern, kern, curn, quirn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: quern, kern, curn, quirn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "querne",
"3": "quern",
"4": "queirn",
"5": "queern"
},
"expansion": "Scots: querne, quern, queirn, queern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: querne, quern, queirn, queern"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "querne"
},
"expansion": "Yola: querne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: querne"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷreh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
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"t": "heavy stone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English cweorn, from Proto-Germanic *kwernō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "quernes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
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"g2": "",
"g3": "",
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"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "quern (plural quernes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "enm:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A quern or quirn; a device for grinding grains."
],
"id": "en-quern-enm-noun-VjBBoQ9Q",
"links": [
[
"quern",
"quern#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A stone forming part of a quern."
],
"id": "en-quern-enm-noun-IkNTb2Nj"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kwɛrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kweːrn/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "querne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "queerne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cwerne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "quyerne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "quyrne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "qwerne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "whern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "qweryn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "qwhern"
}
],
"word": "quern"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷreh₂-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
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"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n/1 syllable",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Laki translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Old Irish translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Southern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Tools",
"enm:Tools"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "beehive quern"
},
{
"word": "quernstone"
},
{
"word": "saddle quern"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷreh₂-"
},
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"name": "root"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "quern"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cweorn",
"4": "",
"5": "quern, hand-mill, mill"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kwernō",
"4": "",
"5": "millstone"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷréh₂wō",
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"5": "heavy stone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "kärweñe"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B kärweñe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "girna"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian girna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "жёрнов",
"3": "",
"4": "millstone"
},
"expansion": "Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “millstone”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English quern, cwerne, from Old English cweorn (“quern, hand-mill, mill”), from Proto-Germanic *kwernō (“millstone”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Tocharian B kärweñe, Lithuanian girna, Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “millstone”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "querns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "quern (plural querns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1978, Robert Nye, Merlin:",
"text": "She is shaking in ingredients from various small bottles and querns produced from the pockets of her robes, and from the drawer in the wooden table.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Anne Crone, Ewan Campbell, A Crannog of the First Millennium, AD: Excavations by Jack Scott at Loch Gloshan, Argyll, 1960, page 100:",
"text": "MacKie has noted that querns that were in use in Scotland up to the present day were about 450mm—600mm in diameter and that the lower stone was completely perforated to make it adjustable (MacKie 1987, 5).",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Charles D. Hockensmith, The Millstone Industry, page 212:",
"text": "Not surprisingly, different cultures discovered the suitability of various rock types for manufacturing querns and millstones.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mill for grinding corn, especially a handmill made of two circular stones."
],
"links": [
[
"mill",
"mill"
],
[
"corn",
"corn"
],
[
"handmill",
"handmill"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kwɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-quern.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quern.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quern.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "curn"
},
{
"word": "kern"
},
{
"word": "quirn"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "erkankʻ",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "երկանք"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hromel",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хромел"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shǒutuīmó",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "手推磨"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "žernov"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kværn"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kweern"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "handmolen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "mylly"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "käsikivi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "moulin à bras"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "muíño"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Handmühle"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Querne"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bró"
},
{
"code": "sga",
"lang": "Old Irish",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "bró"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "macinatoio a mano"
},
{
"alt": "ひきうす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hikiusu",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "碾き臼"
},
{
"alt": "ひきうす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hikiusu",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "ひき臼"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "destarr",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "دەستاڕ"
},
{
"code": "lki",
"lang": "Laki",
"roman": "deseherr",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "دەسەھەڕ"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "destarr"
},
{
"code": "sdh",
"lang": "Southern Kurdish",
"roman": "desherr",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "دەسھەڕ"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "dzir̃nas"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "dzir̃nus"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "gìrnos"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "braain"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "håndkvern"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "el değirmeni",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "ال دكرمنی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "żarna"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ručnája mélʹnica",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ручна́я ме́льница"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brà"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "žarnov"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "molino de mano"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "molino portátil"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "metate"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kvarn"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "žórna",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "жо́рна"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "breuan"
}
],
"word": "quern"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
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"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n/1 syllable",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Laki translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Old Irish translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Southern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Tools",
"enm:Tools"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷreh₂-"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "quern"
},
"expansion": "Middle English quern",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cweorn",
"4": "",
"5": "quern, hand-mill, mill"
},
"expansion": "Old English cweorn (“quern, hand-mill, mill”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"3": "*kwernō",
"4": "",
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷréh₂wō",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "kärweñe"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B kärweñe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "girna"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian girna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "жёрнов",
"3": "",
"4": "millstone"
},
"expansion": "Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “millstone”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English quern, cwerne, from Old English cweorn (“quern, hand-mill, mill”), from Proto-Germanic *kwernō (“millstone”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Tocharian B kärweñe, Lithuanian girna, Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “millstone”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "querns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "querning",
"tags": [
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"present"
]
},
{
"form": "querned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "querned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "quirn"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1979, Poul Anderson, The Merman's Children, published 2011, unnumbered page:",
"text": "He could almost set aside the longing for Eyjan that ever querned within him—almost—in this place so utterly sundered from everything of hers.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Tina Tuohy, “9: Long Handled Weaving Combs: Problems Determining the Gender of Tool-Maker and Tool-User”, in Moira Donald, Linda Hurcombe, editors, Gender and Material Culture in Archaeological Perspective, page 141:",
"text": "For women he thought these should include combing, spinning, querning, leather and fur-working and be associated with finds of beads, bracelets and perforated teeth.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Greer Gilman, Unleaving: Cloud & Ashes: Three Winter's Tales, page 262:",
"text": "Beyond this now lay only chaos and a querning sea. Time's millstones, grinding bones for bread.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Rachel Pope, Ian Ralston, “17: Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent”, in Tom Moore, Thomas Hugh Moore, X. L. Armada, editors, Atlantic Europe in the First Millennium BC: Crossing the Divide, page 401:",
"text": "From the osteology, a supposed link between squatting facets and prehistoric women—and by extension the interpretation that women were engaged in querning activity—is not demonstrated for the Iron Age: of the thirteen with the complaint in Deal, Kent, 62 per cent were male (Anderson 1995: table 29).",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To grind; to use a quern."
],
"links": [
[
"grind",
"grind"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To grind; to use a quern."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kwɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-quern.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quern.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quern.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "curn"
},
{
"word": "kern"
},
{
"word": "quirn"
}
],
"word": "quern"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷreh₂-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Tools"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pepyrquerne"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "quern",
"3": "kern",
"4": "curn",
"5": "quirn"
},
"expansion": "English: quern, kern, curn, quirn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: quern, kern, curn, quirn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "querne",
"3": "quern",
"4": "queirn",
"5": "queern"
},
"expansion": "Scots: querne, quern, queirn, queern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: querne, quern, queirn, queern"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "querne"
},
"expansion": "Yola: querne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: querne"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷreh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cweorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English cweorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kwernō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kwernō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷréh₂wō",
"t": "heavy stone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English cweorn, from Proto-Germanic *kwernō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "quernes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "quern",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "quernes"
},
"expansion": "quern (plural quernes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A quern or quirn; a device for grinding grains."
],
"links": [
[
"quern",
"quern#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A stone forming part of a quern."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kwɛrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kweːrn/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "querne"
},
{
"word": "queerne"
},
{
"word": "cwerne"
},
{
"word": "quyerne"
},
{
"word": "quyrne"
},
{
"word": "qwerne"
},
{
"word": "whern"
},
{
"word": "qweryn"
},
{
"word": "qwhern"
}
],
"word": "quern"
}
Download raw JSONL data for quern meaning in All languages combined (18.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (94ba7e1 and 5dea2a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.