See quern on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for quern meaning in All languages combined (16.0kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷreh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "quern"
},
"expansion": "Middle English quern",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cwerne"
},
"expansion": "cwerne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cweorn",
"4": "",
"5": "quern, hand-mill, mill"
},
"expansion": "Old English cweorn (“quern, hand-mill, mill”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kwernō",
"4": "",
"5": "millstone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kwernō (“millstone”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷréh₂wō",
"4": "",
"5": "heavy stone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷréh₂us",
"3": "",
"4": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "*gʷréh₂us (“heavy”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "kärweñe"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B kärweñe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "girna"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian girna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "жёрнов",
"3": "",
"4": "millstone"
},
"expansion": "Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “millstone”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English quern, cwerne, from Old English cweorn (“quern, hand-mill, mill”), from Proto-Germanic *kwernō (“millstone”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Tocharian B kärweñe, Lithuanian girna, Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “millstone”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "querns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "quern (plural querns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 19 36 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 26 39 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "beehive quern"
},
{
"word": "quernstone"
},
{
"word": "saddle quern"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1978, Robert Nye, Merlin",
"text": "She is shaking in ingredients from various small bottles and querns produced from the pockets of her robes, and from the drawer in the wooden table.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Anne Crone, Ewan Campbell, A Crannog of the First Millennium, AD: Excavations by Jack Scott at Loch Gloshan, Argyll, 1960, page 100",
"text": "MacKie has noted that querns that were in use in Scotland up to the present day were about 450mm—600mm in diameter and that the lower stone was completely perforated to make it adjustable (MacKie 1987, 5).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Charles D. Hockensmith, The Millstone Industry, page 212",
"text": "Not surprisingly, different cultures discovered the suitability of various rock types for manufacturing querns and millstones.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mill for grinding corn, especially a handmill made of two circular stones."
],
"id": "en-quern-en-noun-Z3nmBT7h",
"links": [
[
"mill",
"mill"
],
[
"corn",
"corn"
],
[
"handmill",
"handmill"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "erkankʻ",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "երկանք"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hromel",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хромел"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shǒutuīmó",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "手推磨"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "žernov"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kværn"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kweern"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "handmolen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "mylly"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "käsikivi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "moulin à bras"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "muíño"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Handmühle"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Querne"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bró"
},
{
"code": "sga",
"lang": "Old Irish",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "bró"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "macinatoio a mano"
},
{
"alt": "ひきうす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hikiusu",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "碾き臼"
},
{
"alt": "ひきうす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hikiusu",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "ひき臼"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "destarr",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "دەستاڕ"
},
{
"code": "lki",
"lang": "Laki",
"roman": "deseherr",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "دەسەھەڕ"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "destarr"
},
{
"code": "sdh",
"lang": "Southern Kurdish",
"roman": "desherr",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "دەسھەڕ"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "dzir̃nas"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "dzir̃nus"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "gìrnos"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "braain"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "håndkvern"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "el değirmeni",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "ال دگرمنی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "żarna"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ručnája mélʹnica",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ручна́я ме́льница"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brà"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "žarnov"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "molino de mano"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "molino portátil"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "metate"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kvarn"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "žórna",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "жо́рна"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "breuan"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kwɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "curn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "quirn"
}
],
"word": "quern"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷreh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "quern"
},
"expansion": "Middle English quern",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cwerne"
},
"expansion": "cwerne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cweorn",
"4": "",
"5": "quern, hand-mill, mill"
},
"expansion": "Old English cweorn (“quern, hand-mill, mill”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kwernō",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kwernō (“millstone”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷréh₂wō",
"4": "",
"5": "heavy stone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷréh₂us",
"3": "",
"4": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "*gʷréh₂us (“heavy”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "kärweñe"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B kärweñe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "girna"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian girna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "жёрнов",
"3": "",
"4": "millstone"
},
"expansion": "Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “millstone”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English quern, cwerne, from Old English cweorn (“quern, hand-mill, mill”), from Proto-Germanic *kwernō (“millstone”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Tocharian B kärweñe, Lithuanian girna, Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “millstone”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "querns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "querning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "querned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "querned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "quern (third-person singular simple present querns, present participle querning, simple past and past participle querned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 19 36 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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{
"_dis": "33 26 39 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "en:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1979, Poul Anderson, The Merman's Children, published 2011, unnumbered page",
"text": "He could almost set aside the longing for Eyjan that ever querned within him—almost—in this place so utterly sundered from everything of hers.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Tina Tuohy, “9: Long Handled Weaving Combs: Problems Determining the Gender of Tool-Maker and Tool-User”, in Moira Donald, Linda Hurcombe, editors, Gender and Material Culture in Archaeological Perspective, page 141",
"text": "For women he thought these should include combing, spinning, querning, leather and fur-working and be associated with finds of beads, bracelets and perforated teeth.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Greer Gilman, Unleaving: Cloud & Ashes: Three Winter's Tales, page 262",
"text": "Beyond this now lay only chaos and a querning sea. Time's millstones, grinding bones for bread.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Rachel Pope, Ian Ralston, “17: Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent”, in Tom Moore, Thomas Hugh Moore, X. L. Armada, editors, Atlantic Europe in the First Millennium BC: Crossing the Divide, page 401",
"text": "From the osteology, a supposed link between squatting facets and prehistoric women—and by extension the interpretation that women were engaged in querning activity—is not demonstrated for the Iron Age: of the thirteen with the complaint in Deal, Kent, 62 per cent were male (Anderson 1995: table 29).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To grind; to use a quern."
],
"id": "en-quern-en-verb-vTgRAncw",
"links": [
[
"grind",
"grind"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To grind; to use a quern."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "quirn"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kwɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "curn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "quirn"
}
],
"word": "quern"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pepyrquerne"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "quern",
"3": "kern",
"4": "curn",
"5": "quirn"
},
"expansion": "English: quern, kern, curn, quirn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: quern, kern, curn, quirn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "querne",
"3": "quern",
"4": "queirn",
"5": "queern"
},
"expansion": "Scots: querne, quern, queirn, queern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: querne, quern, queirn, queern"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "querne"
},
"expansion": "Yola: querne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: querne"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cweorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English cweorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kwernō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kwernō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷréh₂wō",
"t": "heavy stone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
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"t": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "*gʷréh₂us (“heavy”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English cweorn, from Proto-Germanic *kwernō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "quernes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "quern",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "quernes"
},
"expansion": "quern (plural quernes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 19 36 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
"_dis": "33 26 39 2",
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"Entry maintenance"
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{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "topical",
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"name": "Tools",
"orig": "enm:Tools",
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A quern or quirn; a device for grinding grains."
],
"id": "en-quern-enm-noun-VjBBoQ9Q",
"links": [
[
"quern",
"quern#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A stone forming part of a quern."
],
"id": "en-quern-enm-noun-IkNTb2Nj"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kwɛrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kweːrn/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "querne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "queerne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cwerne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "quyerne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "quyrne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "qwerne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "whern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "qweryn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "qwhern"
}
],
"word": "quern"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷreh₂-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷreh₂-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n/1 syllable",
"en:Tools",
"enm:Tools"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "beehive quern"
},
{
"word": "quernstone"
},
{
"word": "saddle quern"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷreh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "quern"
},
"expansion": "Middle English quern",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cwerne"
},
"expansion": "cwerne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cweorn",
"4": "",
"5": "quern, hand-mill, mill"
},
"expansion": "Old English cweorn (“quern, hand-mill, mill”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kwernō",
"4": "",
"5": "millstone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kwernō (“millstone”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷréh₂wō",
"4": "",
"5": "heavy stone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷréh₂us",
"3": "",
"4": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "*gʷréh₂us (“heavy”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "kärweñe"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B kärweñe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "girna"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian girna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "жёрнов",
"3": "",
"4": "millstone"
},
"expansion": "Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “millstone”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English quern, cwerne, from Old English cweorn (“quern, hand-mill, mill”), from Proto-Germanic *kwernō (“millstone”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Tocharian B kärweñe, Lithuanian girna, Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “millstone”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "querns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "quern (plural querns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1978, Robert Nye, Merlin",
"text": "She is shaking in ingredients from various small bottles and querns produced from the pockets of her robes, and from the drawer in the wooden table.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Anne Crone, Ewan Campbell, A Crannog of the First Millennium, AD: Excavations by Jack Scott at Loch Gloshan, Argyll, 1960, page 100",
"text": "MacKie has noted that querns that were in use in Scotland up to the present day were about 450mm—600mm in diameter and that the lower stone was completely perforated to make it adjustable (MacKie 1987, 5).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Charles D. Hockensmith, The Millstone Industry, page 212",
"text": "Not surprisingly, different cultures discovered the suitability of various rock types for manufacturing querns and millstones.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mill for grinding corn, especially a handmill made of two circular stones."
],
"links": [
[
"mill",
"mill"
],
[
"corn",
"corn"
],
[
"handmill",
"handmill"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kwɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-quern.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quern.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quern.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "curn"
},
{
"word": "kern"
},
{
"word": "quirn"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "erkankʻ",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "երկանք"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hromel",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хромел"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shǒutuīmó",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "手推磨"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "žernov"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kværn"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kweern"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "handmolen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "mylly"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "käsikivi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "moulin à bras"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "muíño"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Handmühle"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Querne"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bró"
},
{
"code": "sga",
"lang": "Old Irish",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "bró"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "macinatoio a mano"
},
{
"alt": "ひきうす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hikiusu",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "碾き臼"
},
{
"alt": "ひきうす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hikiusu",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "ひき臼"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "destarr",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "دەستاڕ"
},
{
"code": "lki",
"lang": "Laki",
"roman": "deseherr",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "دەسەھەڕ"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "destarr"
},
{
"code": "sdh",
"lang": "Southern Kurdish",
"roman": "desherr",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "دەسھەڕ"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "dzir̃nas"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "dzir̃nus"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "gìrnos"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "braain"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "håndkvern"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "el değirmeni",
"sense": "mill",
"word": "ال دگرمنی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "żarna"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ručnája mélʹnica",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ручна́я ме́льница"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brà"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "žarnov"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "molino de mano"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "molino portátil"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "metate"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kvarn"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "žórna",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "жо́рна"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "mill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "breuan"
}
],
"word": "quern"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷreh₂-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷreh₂-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n/1 syllable",
"en:Tools",
"enm:Tools"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷreh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "quern"
},
"expansion": "Middle English quern",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cwerne"
},
"expansion": "cwerne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cweorn",
"4": "",
"5": "quern, hand-mill, mill"
},
"expansion": "Old English cweorn (“quern, hand-mill, mill”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kwernō",
"4": "",
"5": "millstone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kwernō (“millstone”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷréh₂wō",
"4": "",
"5": "heavy stone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷréh₂us",
"3": "",
"4": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "*gʷréh₂us (“heavy”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "kärweñe"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B kärweñe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "girna"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian girna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "жёрнов",
"3": "",
"4": "millstone"
},
"expansion": "Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “millstone”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English quern, cwerne, from Old English cweorn (“quern, hand-mill, mill”), from Proto-Germanic *kwernō (“millstone”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Tocharian B kärweñe, Lithuanian girna, Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “millstone”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "querns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "querning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "querned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "querned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "quern (third-person singular simple present querns, present participle querning, simple past and past participle querned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "quirn"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1979, Poul Anderson, The Merman's Children, published 2011, unnumbered page",
"text": "He could almost set aside the longing for Eyjan that ever querned within him—almost—in this place so utterly sundered from everything of hers.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Tina Tuohy, “9: Long Handled Weaving Combs: Problems Determining the Gender of Tool-Maker and Tool-User”, in Moira Donald, Linda Hurcombe, editors, Gender and Material Culture in Archaeological Perspective, page 141",
"text": "For women he thought these should include combing, spinning, querning, leather and fur-working and be associated with finds of beads, bracelets and perforated teeth.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Greer Gilman, Unleaving: Cloud & Ashes: Three Winter's Tales, page 262",
"text": "Beyond this now lay only chaos and a querning sea. Time's millstones, grinding bones for bread.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Rachel Pope, Ian Ralston, “17: Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent”, in Tom Moore, Thomas Hugh Moore, X. L. Armada, editors, Atlantic Europe in the First Millennium BC: Crossing the Divide, page 401",
"text": "From the osteology, a supposed link between squatting facets and prehistoric women—and by extension the interpretation that women were engaged in querning activity—is not demonstrated for the Iron Age: of the thirteen with the complaint in Deal, Kent, 62 per cent were male (Anderson 1995: table 29).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To grind; to use a quern."
],
"links": [
[
"grind",
"grind"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To grind; to use a quern."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kwɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kwɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-quern.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quern.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quern.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quern.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "curn"
},
{
"word": "kern"
},
{
"word": "quirn"
}
],
"word": "quern"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷreh₂-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Tools"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pepyrquerne"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "quern",
"3": "kern",
"4": "curn",
"5": "quirn"
},
"expansion": "English: quern, kern, curn, quirn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: quern, kern, curn, quirn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "querne",
"3": "quern",
"4": "queirn",
"5": "queern"
},
"expansion": "Scots: querne, quern, queirn, queern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: querne, quern, queirn, queern"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "querne"
},
"expansion": "Yola: querne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: querne"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷreh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cweorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English cweorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kwernō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kwernō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷréh₂wō",
"t": "heavy stone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷréh₂us",
"t": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "*gʷréh₂us (“heavy”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English cweorn, from Proto-Germanic *kwernō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "quernes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "quern",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "quernes"
},
"expansion": "quern (plural quernes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A quern or quirn; a device for grinding grains."
],
"links": [
[
"quern",
"quern#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A stone forming part of a quern."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kwɛrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kweːrn/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "querne"
},
{
"word": "queerne"
},
{
"word": "cwerne"
},
{
"word": "quyerne"
},
{
"word": "quyrne"
},
{
"word": "qwerne"
},
{
"word": "whern"
},
{
"word": "qweryn"
},
{
"word": "qwhern"
}
],
"word": "quern"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.