See pyrь on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for pyrь meaning in All languages combined (13.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to combust, to melt, to fan a fire",
"word": "pyriti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to ferment",
"word": ">? *pyrovati"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 68",
"english": "part of furnace",
"roman": "pýrej",
"sense": "→ East Slavic",
"tags": [
"Russian",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "пы́рей"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 47",
"english": "cinder",
"roman": "pyréj",
"sense": "→ East Slavic; Ukrainian",
"word": "пире́й"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пуры́нь",
"3": "пурина",
"t2": "ash"
},
"expansion": "Russian: пуры́нь (purýnʹ), пурина (purina, “ash”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Russian: пуры́нь (purýnʹ), пурина (purina, “ash”) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "фир",
"3": "фур",
"t2": "acrid, bitter substance",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Bulgarian: фир (fir), фур (fur, “acrid, bitter substance”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dated",
"2": "in modern times: slang for “booze”"
},
"expansion": "(dated, in modern times: slang for “booze”)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Bulgarian: фир (fir), фур (fur, “acrid, bitter substance”) (dated, in modern times: slang for “booze”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "пирива́",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"t": "acid soil"
},
"expansion": "⇒ пирива́ (pirivá, “acid soil”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ пирива́ (pirivá, “acid soil”) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "pír",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": "smoldering fire"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: pír (“smoldering fire”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pír",
"t": "smoldering fire"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: pír (“smoldering fire”) (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "pírh",
"t": "easter-egg coloured red"
},
"expansion": "pírh (“easter-egg coloured red”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: pír (“smoldering fire”) (tonal orthography) (dialectal), pírh (“easter-egg coloured red”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "pýř",
"t": "lye"
},
"expansion": "Czech: pýř (“lye”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: pýř (“lye”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "perz",
"t": "smoke"
},
"expansion": "Polish: perz (“smoke”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "perzyna",
"t": "embers"
},
"expansion": "perzyna (“embers”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Polish: perz (“smoke”) (obsolete), perzyna (“embers”)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*péh₂wr̥",
"t": "bonfire"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“bonfire”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "panno",
"3": "",
"4": "fire"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian panno (“fire”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*paw-",
"t": "to strike"
},
"expansion": "*paw- (“to strike”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pyti",
"3": "",
"4": "to discern"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pyti (“to discern”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pytati",
"3": "",
"4": "to examine, to request clarification"
},
"expansion": "*pytati (“to examine, to request clarification”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*puH-",
"t": "to rot"
},
"expansion": "*puH- (“to rot”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pū́ti",
"3": "",
"4": "to rotten"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pū́ti (“to rotten”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pũt",
"3": "",
"4": "to rotten"
},
"expansion": "Latvian pũt (“to rotten”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pewH-",
"t": "to cleanse, to purify"
},
"expansion": "*pewH- (“to cleanse, to purify”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pūrus",
"3": "",
"4": "pure"
},
"expansion": "Latin pūrus (“pure”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pius",
"3": "",
"4": "devout"
},
"expansion": "pius (“devout”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)peh₂-",
"3": "",
"4": "to lash, to thrash, to wrench"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)peh₂- (“to lash, to thrash, to wrench”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σπᾰ́ω",
"3": "",
"4": "to draw, to pluck"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σπᾰ́ω (spáō, “to draw, to pluck”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*patъ",
"3": "",
"4": "thump, smack"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *patъ (“thump, smack”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*patati",
"3": "",
"4": "to bang"
},
"expansion": "*patati (“to bang”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most likely a substantive i-stem derivative from the direct-case stem of Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“bonfire”), cognate with Old Prussian panno (“fire”) (derived from the oblique-case stem). Further origin is disputed. Commonly proposed etymologies include:\n* From *paw- (“to strike”), whence Proto-Slavic *pyti (“to discern”), *pytati (“to examine, to request clarification”).\n* From *puH- (“to rot”), whence Lithuanian pū́ti (“to rotten”), Latvian pũt (“to rotten”).\n* From *pewH- (“to cleanse, to purify”), whence Latin pūrus (“pure”), pius (“devout”).\nAll of these roots may ultimately be w-extensions of Proto-Indo-European *(s)peh₂- (“to lash, to thrash, to wrench”) (reflected by Ancient Greek σπᾰ́ω (spáō, “to draw, to pluck”), etc.). Perhaps, from there is semi-onomatopoeic Proto-Slavic *patъ (“thump, smack”), *patati (“to bang”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "py̑rь",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "py̑rь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "py̑ri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "py̑rьjē",
"roman": "py̑řē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pyrí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pyrьjù",
"roman": "pyřu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pyrь̀jь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "py̑ri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pyrьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "py̑rьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "py̑ri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "py̑rьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pyrьmì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "py̑rьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pyri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "c",
"g": "m"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pyrь",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pylъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "dust, cinder",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pylь"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"remains of fire, smoldering ash, cinder"
],
"id": "en-pyrь-sla-pro-noun-Ma-vmEc2",
"links": [
[
"remains",
"remains"
],
[
"fire",
"fire"
],
[
"smoldering",
"smoldering"
],
[
"ash",
"ash"
],
[
"cinder",
"cinder"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*sędra"
},
{
"word": "*žarъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lye, product of combustion"
],
"id": "en-pyrь-sla-pro-noun--BcF-LwW",
"links": [
[
"lye",
"lye"
],
[
"product",
"product"
],
[
"combustion",
"combustion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) lye, product of combustion"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*zola"
},
{
"word": "*cědъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
],
"word": "pyrь"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "pýř",
"t": "couch grass"
},
"expansion": "Czech: pýř (“couch grass”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "o-stem pýr is more commonly attested"
},
"expansion": "(o-stem pýr is more commonly attested)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Czech: pýř (“couch grass”) (o-stem pýr is more commonly attested)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "perz",
"t": "couch grass"
},
"expansion": "Polish: perz (“couch grass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: perz (“couch grass”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "pyŕ"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: pyŕ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: pyŕ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "pyŕ"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: pyŕ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: pyŕ"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fȳr",
"3": "",
"4": "fire"
},
"expansion": "Old English fȳr (“fire”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fyrs",
"3": "",
"4": "furze"
},
"expansion": "fyrs (“furze”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pyrъ"
},
"expansion": "*pyrъ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*putrāˀ",
"3": "",
"4": "ground corn, cereal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *putrāˀ (“ground corn, cereal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "putra",
"3": "",
"4": "porridge"
},
"expansion": "Latvian putra (“porridge”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Per Trubačev, probably resultant from an alternative semantic development of Etymology 1 stemming back from Proto-Indo-European times. As a reason, he gives the circumstance that spelt needed to be treated thermally in order to be used. Similar semantic duality is observed in Old English fȳr (“fire”) and fyrs (“furze”). For further details, see the o-stem variant *pyrъ.\nPossibly akin (via ter-stem) to Proto-Balto-Slavic *putrāˀ (“ground corn, cereal”) (whence Latvian putra (“porridge”)) from one of the above mentioned roots.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pỳrь",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pyrь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pỳri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pỳrьjē",
"roman": "pỳřē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pỳrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pỳrьju",
"roman": "pỳřu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pỳrьjь",
"roman": "pỳrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pỳri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pỳrьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pỳrьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pỳri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pỳrьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pỳrьmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pỳrьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pyri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "a",
"g": "m"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pyrь",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "couch grass",
"word": "pyrъ"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 14 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "id.",
"word": "pyrьjь"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of *pyrъ: couch grass"
],
"id": "en-pyrь-sla-pro-noun-SYZlVQK4",
"links": [
[
"*pyrъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pyrъ"
],
[
"couch grass",
"couch grass"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pyrь"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to combust, to melt, to fan a fire",
"word": "pyriti"
},
{
"english": "to ferment",
"word": ">? *pyrovati"
},
{
"english": "part of furnace",
"roman": "pýrej",
"sense": "→ East Slavic",
"tags": [
"Russian",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "пы́рей"
},
{
"english": "cinder",
"roman": "pyréj",
"sense": "→ East Slavic; Ukrainian",
"word": "пире́й"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пуры́нь",
"3": "пурина",
"t2": "ash"
},
"expansion": "Russian: пуры́нь (purýnʹ), пурина (purina, “ash”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Russian: пуры́нь (purýnʹ), пурина (purina, “ash”) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "фир",
"3": "фур",
"t2": "acrid, bitter substance",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Bulgarian: фир (fir), фур (fur, “acrid, bitter substance”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dated",
"2": "in modern times: slang for “booze”"
},
"expansion": "(dated, in modern times: slang for “booze”)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Bulgarian: фир (fir), фур (fur, “acrid, bitter substance”) (dated, in modern times: slang for “booze”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "пирива́",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"t": "acid soil"
},
"expansion": "⇒ пирива́ (pirivá, “acid soil”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ пирива́ (pirivá, “acid soil”) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "pír",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": "smoldering fire"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: pír (“smoldering fire”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pír",
"t": "smoldering fire"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: pír (“smoldering fire”) (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "pírh",
"t": "easter-egg coloured red"
},
"expansion": "pírh (“easter-egg coloured red”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: pír (“smoldering fire”) (tonal orthography) (dialectal), pírh (“easter-egg coloured red”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "pýř",
"t": "lye"
},
"expansion": "Czech: pýř (“lye”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: pýř (“lye”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "perz",
"t": "smoke"
},
"expansion": "Polish: perz (“smoke”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "perzyna",
"t": "embers"
},
"expansion": "perzyna (“embers”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Polish: perz (“smoke”) (obsolete), perzyna (“embers”)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*péh₂wr̥",
"t": "bonfire"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“bonfire”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "panno",
"3": "",
"4": "fire"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian panno (“fire”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*paw-",
"t": "to strike"
},
"expansion": "*paw- (“to strike”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pyti",
"3": "",
"4": "to discern"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pyti (“to discern”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pytati",
"3": "",
"4": "to examine, to request clarification"
},
"expansion": "*pytati (“to examine, to request clarification”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*puH-",
"t": "to rot"
},
"expansion": "*puH- (“to rot”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pū́ti",
"3": "",
"4": "to rotten"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pū́ti (“to rotten”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pũt",
"3": "",
"4": "to rotten"
},
"expansion": "Latvian pũt (“to rotten”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pewH-",
"t": "to cleanse, to purify"
},
"expansion": "*pewH- (“to cleanse, to purify”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pūrus",
"3": "",
"4": "pure"
},
"expansion": "Latin pūrus (“pure”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pius",
"3": "",
"4": "devout"
},
"expansion": "pius (“devout”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)peh₂-",
"3": "",
"4": "to lash, to thrash, to wrench"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)peh₂- (“to lash, to thrash, to wrench”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σπᾰ́ω",
"3": "",
"4": "to draw, to pluck"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σπᾰ́ω (spáō, “to draw, to pluck”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*patъ",
"3": "",
"4": "thump, smack"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *patъ (“thump, smack”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*patati",
"3": "",
"4": "to bang"
},
"expansion": "*patati (“to bang”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most likely a substantive i-stem derivative from the direct-case stem of Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“bonfire”), cognate with Old Prussian panno (“fire”) (derived from the oblique-case stem). Further origin is disputed. Commonly proposed etymologies include:\n* From *paw- (“to strike”), whence Proto-Slavic *pyti (“to discern”), *pytati (“to examine, to request clarification”).\n* From *puH- (“to rot”), whence Lithuanian pū́ti (“to rotten”), Latvian pũt (“to rotten”).\n* From *pewH- (“to cleanse, to purify”), whence Latin pūrus (“pure”), pius (“devout”).\nAll of these roots may ultimately be w-extensions of Proto-Indo-European *(s)peh₂- (“to lash, to thrash, to wrench”) (reflected by Ancient Greek σπᾰ́ω (spáō, “to draw, to pluck”), etc.). Perhaps, from there is semi-onomatopoeic Proto-Slavic *patъ (“thump, smack”), *patati (“to bang”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "py̑rь",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "py̑rь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "py̑ri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "py̑rьjē",
"roman": "py̑řē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pyrí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pyrьjù",
"roman": "pyřu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pyrь̀jь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "py̑ri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pyrьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "py̑rьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "py̑ri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "py̑rьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pyrьmì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "py̑rьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pyri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "c",
"g": "m"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pyrь",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pylъ"
},
{
"english": "dust, cinder",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pylь"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"sla-pro:Combustion"
],
"glosses": [
"remains of fire, smoldering ash, cinder"
],
"links": [
[
"remains",
"remains"
],
[
"fire",
"fire"
],
[
"smoldering",
"smoldering"
],
[
"ash",
"ash"
],
[
"cinder",
"cinder"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*sędra"
},
{
"word": "*žarъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lye, product of combustion"
],
"links": [
[
"lye",
"lye"
],
[
"product",
"product"
],
[
"combustion",
"combustion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) lye, product of combustion"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*zola"
},
{
"word": "*cědъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
],
"word": "pyrь"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "id.",
"word": "pyrьjь"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "pýř",
"t": "couch grass"
},
"expansion": "Czech: pýř (“couch grass”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "o-stem pýr is more commonly attested"
},
"expansion": "(o-stem pýr is more commonly attested)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Czech: pýř (“couch grass”) (o-stem pýr is more commonly attested)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "perz",
"t": "couch grass"
},
"expansion": "Polish: perz (“couch grass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: perz (“couch grass”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "pyŕ"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: pyŕ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: pyŕ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "pyŕ"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: pyŕ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: pyŕ"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fȳr",
"3": "",
"4": "fire"
},
"expansion": "Old English fȳr (“fire”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fyrs",
"3": "",
"4": "furze"
},
"expansion": "fyrs (“furze”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pyrъ"
},
"expansion": "*pyrъ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*putrāˀ",
"3": "",
"4": "ground corn, cereal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *putrāˀ (“ground corn, cereal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "putra",
"3": "",
"4": "porridge"
},
"expansion": "Latvian putra (“porridge”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Per Trubačev, probably resultant from an alternative semantic development of Etymology 1 stemming back from Proto-Indo-European times. As a reason, he gives the circumstance that spelt needed to be treated thermally in order to be used. Similar semantic duality is observed in Old English fȳr (“fire”) and fyrs (“furze”). For further details, see the o-stem variant *pyrъ.\nPossibly akin (via ter-stem) to Proto-Balto-Slavic *putrāˀ (“ground corn, cereal”) (whence Latvian putra (“porridge”)) from one of the above mentioned roots.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pỳrь",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pyrь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pỳri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pỳrьjē",
"roman": "pỳřē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pỳrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pỳrьju",
"roman": "pỳřu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pỳrьjь",
"roman": "pỳrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pỳri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pỳrьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pỳrьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pỳri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pỳrьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pỳrьmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pỳrьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pyri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "a",
"g": "m"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pyrь",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "couch grass",
"word": "pyrъ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of *pyrъ: couch grass"
],
"links": [
[
"*pyrъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pyrъ"
],
[
"couch grass",
"couch grass"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pyrь"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.