See pugil on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pugillus"
},
"expansion": "Latin pugillus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin pugillus, pugillum (“a fistful”), akin to pugnus (“the fist”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugils",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pugil (plural pugils)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "89 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “I. Century.”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Take violets , and infuse a good pugil of them in a quart of vinegar",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1778, William Lewis, The new dispensatory:",
"text": "Cinnamon, an ounce and a half; Rosemary flowers, six pugils […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1699, John Evelyn, Acetaria: A Discourse of Sallets:",
"text": "Note, That by Parts is to be understood a Pugil; which is no more than one does usually take up between the Thumb and the two next Fingers.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1989, Patrick O'Brian, The Thirteen-Gun Salute:",
"text": "This kind of success was all luck, and if a man had only a given amount for his own share, it was a shame to fritter away so much as a pugil.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"As much as is taken up between the thumb and two first fingers; a pinch."
],
"id": "en-pugil-en-noun-uoiUSvwe",
"links": [
[
"pinch",
"pinch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) As much as is taken up between the thumb and two first fingers; a pinch."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "pugil stick"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpjuːd͡ʒɪl/"
}
],
"word": "pugil"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugilicē"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "púgil"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: púgil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: púgil"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pugilism",
"3": "pugilist"
},
"expansion": "English: pugilism, pugilist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: pugilism, pugilist"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pugile"
},
"expansion": "Italian: pugile",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: pugile"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "púgil"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: púgil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: púgil"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "púgil"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: púgil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: púgil"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pewǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pungō",
"3": "-ilis",
"id2": "deverbal",
"t1": "I sting, pierce"
},
"expansion": "pungō (“I sting, pierce”) + -ilis",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pungō (“I sting, pierce”) + -ilis. Lacks the present tense n-infix like figulus. Final -is was dropped in the nominative singular as in vigil.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugilis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pugil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugilēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugilis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugilum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugilī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugilibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugilem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugilēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugilī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugilibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pugilēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pugil<3>",
"abl_sg": "pugile/pugilī",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "pugil m (genitive pugilis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pugil<3>",
"abl_sg": "pugile/pugilī"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugilārēs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugillārēs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugilātiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugillātiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugilātor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugillātor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugilātōrius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugillātōrius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugilātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugillātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugilis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugillar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugillāria"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugillāriārius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugillaris"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugillus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugilor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugillor"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Athletes",
"orig": "la:Athletes",
"parents": [
"Occupations",
"Sports",
"People",
"Work",
"Human activity",
"Human",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Sports",
"orig": "la:Sports",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a boxer, pugilist"
],
"id": "en-pugil-la-noun-w4S0g589",
"links": [
[
"boxer",
"boxer"
],
[
"pugilist",
"pugilist"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -ilis (deverbal)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a hardened forehead"
],
"id": "en-pugil-la-noun-fVwCo3N5",
"links": [
[
"hardened",
"hardened"
],
[
"forehead",
"forehead"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) a hardened forehead"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"figuratively",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpu.ɡil/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʊɡɪɫ̪]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpu.d͡ʒil/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuːd͡ʒil]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pugil"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Athletes",
"la:Sports"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pugillus"
},
"expansion": "Latin pugillus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin pugillus, pugillum (“a fistful”), akin to pugnus (“the fist”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugils",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pugil (plural pugils)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "pugil stick"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “I. Century.”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Take violets , and infuse a good pugil of them in a quart of vinegar",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1778, William Lewis, The new dispensatory:",
"text": "Cinnamon, an ounce and a half; Rosemary flowers, six pugils […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1699, John Evelyn, Acetaria: A Discourse of Sallets:",
"text": "Note, That by Parts is to be understood a Pugil; which is no more than one does usually take up between the Thumb and the two next Fingers.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1989, Patrick O'Brian, The Thirteen-Gun Salute:",
"text": "This kind of success was all luck, and if a man had only a given amount for his own share, it was a shame to fritter away so much as a pugil.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"As much as is taken up between the thumb and two first fingers; a pinch."
],
"links": [
[
"pinch",
"pinch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) As much as is taken up between the thumb and two first fingers; a pinch."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpjuːd͡ʒɪl/"
}
],
"word": "pugil"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pewǵ-",
"Latin terms suffixed with -ilis (deverbal)",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Athletes",
"la:Sports"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pugilicē"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "púgil"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: púgil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: púgil"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pugilism",
"3": "pugilist"
},
"expansion": "English: pugilism, pugilist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: pugilism, pugilist"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pugile"
},
"expansion": "Italian: pugile",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: pugile"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "púgil"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: púgil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: púgil"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "púgil"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: púgil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: púgil"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pewǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pungō",
"3": "-ilis",
"id2": "deverbal",
"t1": "I sting, pierce"
},
"expansion": "pungō (“I sting, pierce”) + -ilis",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pungō (“I sting, pierce”) + -ilis. Lacks the present tense n-infix like figulus. Final -is was dropped in the nominative singular as in vigil.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugilis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pugil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugilēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugilis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugilum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugilī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugilibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugilem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugilēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugilī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugilibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pugilēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pugil<3>",
"abl_sg": "pugile/pugilī",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "pugil m (genitive pugilis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pugil<3>",
"abl_sg": "pugile/pugilī"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "pugilārēs"
},
{
"word": "pugillārēs"
},
{
"word": "pugilātiō"
},
{
"word": "pugillātiō"
},
{
"word": "pugilātor"
},
{
"word": "pugillātor"
},
{
"word": "pugilātōrius"
},
{
"word": "pugillātōrius"
},
{
"word": "pugilātus"
},
{
"word": "pugillātus"
},
{
"word": "pugilis"
},
{
"word": "pugillar"
},
{
"word": "pugillāria"
},
{
"word": "pugillāriārius"
},
{
"word": "pugillaris"
},
{
"word": "pugillus"
},
{
"word": "pugilor"
},
{
"word": "pugillor"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a boxer, pugilist"
],
"links": [
[
"boxer",
"boxer"
],
[
"pugilist",
"pugilist"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a hardened forehead"
],
"links": [
[
"hardened",
"hardened"
],
[
"forehead",
"forehead"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) a hardened forehead"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"figuratively",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpu.ɡil/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʊɡɪɫ̪]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpu.d͡ʒil/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuːd͡ʒil]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pugil"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pugil meaning in All languages combined (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.