See przez on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
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"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
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"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*perz",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *perz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*perz"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *perz",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *perz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "przez",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"przez"
],
"info_templates": [
{
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},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
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]
},
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}
],
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"through"
],
"id": "en-przez-csb-prep-nGcl3Caa",
"links": [
[
"through",
"through"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kashubian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kashubian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 15 4 2 2 1 0 1 4 0 1 2 2 1 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 4 2 1 1 2 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 1 15 2 3 2 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 16 4 2 2 1 0 1 4 0 1 2 2 0 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 4 2 0 1 2 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 1 16 2 2 2 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes period of time for"
],
"id": "en-przez-csb-prep-orcXTyZP",
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛs"
}
],
"word": "przez"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "przez",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "Polish: przez",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: przez"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "przez"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: przez",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: przez"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
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{
"args": {
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"3": "*perz",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *perz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*perz"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *perz",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1388"
},
"expansion": "1388",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1388"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1388",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *perz. First attested in 1388.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "przeze",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "przez",
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}
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
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},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 135, 16:",
"text": "Gensze przewodl lvd swoy przes pusczø (per desertum)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1928 [End of the fifteenth century], Jan Janów, editor, Zespół ewangelijny Biblioteki Ordynacji Zamoyskich nr 1116, Warsaw, page 294:",
"text": "Przes gynszą drogą (per aliam viam Mat 2, 12) vroczyly szyą sa do krolyestwa svego",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1959 [1411], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 678, Poznań:",
"text": "Abi mu dwoye coni przeprawil przes przewosz",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1885-2024 [1462], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume VIII, Chęciny, page 19:",
"text": "O ctore kopanye y oranye przesz graniczą Jan... y Raczybor... na mya zalowali, thom ya nye oral v[o] gich, ale w swym",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes movement from one side to the other, either on the surface or through the middle; physically or metaphorically across, through; along"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-JPHRJMLy",
"links": [
[
"across",
"across"
],
[
"through",
"through"
],
[
"along",
"along"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Masovia, Greater Poland) denotes movement from one side to the other, either on the surface or through the middle; physically or metaphorically across, through; along"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1413–1414, Kanon mszy św., Canon missae., volume I, Iłża, page 263:",
"text": "Kthory s tobą zywye y kroluye... bog przesz wszythky wyeczne wyeky (per omnia saecula saeculorum)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes lengths of time for"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-ARtZiECZ",
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) denotes lengths of time for"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "History of Slavic lawmaking",
"ref": "1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. \"Ortyls\"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, pages 126-127:",
"text": "Navczczye nasz, gestly then powod doszycz vkazal... takym *thysz tramow y szkleppem (leg. z sklepem) gego w mvrze [j] oszyądzenym (leg. osadzenim) daleko przesz rok y dzyen (die et anno et multo diutius) przesze wszey odmowy",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes a period occurring after something else after"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-9KSW0c-C",
"links": [
[
"after",
"after"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) denotes a period occurring after something else after"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1950 [1429], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 353, Warsaw:",
"text": "*Jakom ia mam Micolayewy zastawą w dwdzestv (leg. w dwudziestu) cop przes thi na oui Godi",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"excluding"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-o7wTyset",
"links": [
[
"excluding",
"excluding"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in temporal constructions) excluding"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in temporal constructions"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 478:",
"text": "Svyathy Ieronym nalasl v zydovskych kxyągach pyecznasczye znamyon pyeczynasczye dnyow przed sadnym dnyem, alye yedenly po drugym ma przydz, czyly przestąpvyącz czasch albo przeze dny, albo dalyey (sed utrum continui futuri sint dies illi, an interpolatim), tego nye vymynyl",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"every other"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-ecwJRizU",
"links": [
[
"every other",
"every other"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), section 21,29:",
"text": "A paklibi wol bodøczy bilbi od wczyorayszego dnya asz przes trzeczy dzen (ab heri et nudiustertius)..., wol kamyenym obrzuczon bødzye",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"before"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-bbfYA-dP",
"links": [
[
"day",
"day"
],
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"qualifier": "the day",
"raw_glosses": [
"(the day) before"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1882 [Post fifteenth century], Emil Kałużniacki, editor, Kleinere altpolnische Texte aus Handschriften des XV. und des Anfangs des XVI. Jahrhunderts, page 273:",
"text": "Gdy szyą od zbythkow czyelesthnych przesz czysthotą, per continenciam, powczyągamy",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes intended recipient or goal aimed at; for"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-NsUD5EOP",
"links": [
[
"aimed at",
"aimed at"
],
[
"for",
"for"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1901 [1463-1465], Jan Rozwadowski, editor, De morte prologus [Rozmowa mistrza Polikarpa ze śmiercią], Mierzeniec, Płock, line 142:",
"text": "Adam mye w yeplcze vkuszyl, przetho przesz mya vmrzecz mvszyl",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"because of"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-Ca1GU7O3",
"links": [
[
"because of",
"because of"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia) because of"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1950 [1427], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 203, Warsaw:",
"text": "Quia przes zapowecz pomloczyl pszenycza w gumne",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"despite"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-bb77T-Aj",
"links": [
[
"despite",
"despite"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia) despite"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1301-1350, Kazania świętokrzyskie, Miechów, page dr 3:",
"text": "Pres ti dary milosc sina deuicego moze otrimach",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes an agent thanks to, due to"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-bVFiwGeY",
"links": [
[
"thanks to",
"thanks to"
],
[
"due to",
"due to"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) denotes an agent thanks to, due to"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 172a:",
"text": "Ktoricz clouek thy to dary gest straczil, szukagsze gych mylosczyue..., a tako vøcz ge thy nadzesz presz svøthø spouecz a tesze pres dostognø pokuthø",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes manner or adverbial use of a noun"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-skld8uvs",
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) denotes manner or adverbial use of a noun"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 6, 14:",
"text": "Ty to sø kszyøszøta domow przesz czelyadz swø (per familias suas)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"according to"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-KWGm0cjc",
"links": [
[
"according to",
"according to"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 19, 12:",
"text": "Ustawysz ludu granycze przez *okrøøk (per circuitum)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes circumflex movement around"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-fhqPFmhg",
"links": [
[
"around",
"around"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 37, 20:",
"text": "Na tem *drogu bily czasky cztyrzy... y krøszky przez wsziczky (per singulos)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes distribution per"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-9HgT1Zkf",
"links": [
[
"per",
"per"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1424, Kanon mszy św., Canon missae., volume III, page 55:",
"text": "Nas... wybranich twych przykaszy *szawszky w czrzeedze vdarowacz presz Yesu Crista (per Christum dominum nostrum)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used vocatively o"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-Mepr5BuO",
"links": [
[
"o",
"o"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1888 [1400], Romuald Hube, editor, Zbiór rot przysiąg sądowych poznańskich, kościańskich, kaliskich, sieradzkich, piotrkowskich i dobrzyszyckich z końca wieku XIV i pierwszych lat wieku XV, Greater Poland, page 99:",
"text": "Eze Sulek przepraszal Groth trzemi grziwnami przes posla",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes instrumentality through, by means of"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-KmilwxB4",
"links": [
[
"through",
"through"
],
[
"by means of",
"by means of"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) denotes instrumentality through, by means of"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1916 [second half of the 15th century], Stanisław Słoński, editor, Psałterz puławski, Greater Poland, page 118 arg. 7:",
"text": "Bo tu molwy o myloszyerdzyu, yez yest z wnętrza, a przes to sze rozumye wyelyka myloszcz",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes object of interpretation"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-q4-n~FvX"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1921 [1471], Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editor, Wolność kmieca na Mazowszu w wieku XV, Masovia, page 53:",
"text": "Jakom ya Philippowi kmecziewi... rol v ozimynie przesz Philippą podoranych nye zaoral gwalthem",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in passive constructions by"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-usFVCO2F",
"links": [
[
"by",
"by"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia) used in passive constructions by"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Lev”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 27, 7:",
"text": "Szeczdzesyøci (sc. lat) a przes to samyecz (sexagenarius et ultra masculus) da pyøcznaczcze rvblow, a zona dzesyøøcz",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes in addition, above"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-qPGgndQq",
"links": [
[
"in addition",
"in addition"
],
[
"above",
"above"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [
"Terms with uncertain meaning",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-~Mwf1bvk",
"raw_glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [
"Terms with uncertain meaning",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1972 [15th century], Józef Reczek, Wacław Twardzik, editors, Najstarsze staropolskie tłumaczenie ortyli magdeburskich wg rkpsu nr 50, pages 78, 2:",
"text": "Pothem przyszedl ten, czso... swego dlusznyką gymyenye zapowyedzal,... przesz gayony szand (in iudicium banitum, OrtMac 106: przed gaynym sządem) a rzekl",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"denotes a time Earlier than something before"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-s9M2HO4Q",
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pr̝ɛs/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/pr̝ɛs/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "przez"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "przez",
"id": "2"
},
"expansion": "Polish: przez",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: przez"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1388"
},
"expansion": "1388",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1388"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1388",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From przez, due to confusion with the rhyming preposition bez. The two words were and are used interchangeably in various dialects, and in Old Polish przez nearly replaced bez around the 14th-15th century. However, in the written language the earlier distinction ultimately prevailed. First attested in 1388.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "przeze",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "przez",
"name": "head"
}
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "gen"
},
"expansion": "[with genitive]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1875 [c. 1455-1460], Zygmunt Celichowski, editor, Słowniczek łacińsko- polski wyrazów prawa magdeburskiego z wieku XV. Przedruk homograficzny z kodeksu kórnickiego, page 5:",
"text": "Dzedzina odvmarta uel pvsczina przez dzedzicza",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes lack of something without"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-ZszRsQSi",
"links": [
[
"without",
"without"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 4 3 2 1 2 7 1 2 3 3 1 5 4 5 3 5 3 4 2 4 4 9 4 2 2 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 4 3 2 1 2 7 1 2 3 4 2 4 4 6 3 5 3 4 3 4 4 9 4 2 2 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1301-1350, Kazania świętokrzyskie, Miechów, page cr 36:",
"text": "Iz iesc.... taco smerne narodene sina bozego, ienze prez pocøthka s bogem occem jesc croleual",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used adverbially"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-qclU48zi",
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) used adverbially"
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Scientific Journals of the Jagiellonian University",
"ref": "1958 [1395], “Nieznane czternastowieczne roty polskie z ksiąg sądowych ziemskich krakowskich [Unknown fourteenth-century Polish oaths from court records of Krakow landowners]”, in Zbigniew Perzanowski, Mieczysław Karaś, editors, Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego [Scientific Journals of the Jagiellonian University], volume I, Krakow, page 242:",
"text": "Ize przes czazu wyszla, a ya gey nicz ne *wsyal",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes a time earlier than something before"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-8RGcUq0S",
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 93, 17:",
"text": "By bog ne podpomogl me, przes mala (paulo minus) przebiwalabi bila w pekle dusza moia",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nearly, almost"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-MfBXPw0p",
"links": [
[
"nearly",
"nearly"
],
[
"almost",
"almost"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) nearly, almost"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 181a:",
"text": "Gdiscy svøthy Gan gestcy on bil stho lath pres gednego latha star",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"less than"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-WSOOT2fO",
"links": [
[
"less than",
"less than"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) less than"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1959 [1388], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 42, Poznań:",
"text": "Jaco Wanczenecz wszal Marczinoui scztirzi clody sledzi przes praua",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes action against something against"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-sBpgYH5O",
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) denotes action against something against"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Deut”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 20, 14:",
"text": "Sbygesz wszistko w nyem, czosz bødze plodv samczowego, myeczem, przesz zon y przes mlodzenczow (absque mulieribus et infantibus)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes exclusion besides, excluding, but"
],
"id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-cHS5pgYM",
"links": [
[
"besides",
"besides"
],
[
"excluding",
"excluding"
],
[
"but",
"but"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pr̝ɛs/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/pr̝ɛs/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "przez"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sam przez się"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "przez",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "1",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish przez",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "przez",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish przez",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*perz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *perz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish przez, from Proto-Slavic *perz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "przeze",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "psiez",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "przez",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"przez"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Why did the chicken cross the road? (literally, “Why did the chicken walk across the road?”)",
"text": "Dlaczego kurczak przeszedł przez ulicę?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"across (physically)"
],
"id": "en-przez-pl-prep-e2QpT6eY",
"links": [
[
"across",
"across"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You can't see anything through this tiny window.",
"text": "Nic nie widać przez to małe okienko.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"through (physically)"
],
"id": "en-przez-pl-prep-STcBe26e",
"links": [
[
"through",
"through"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 8 13 13 10 8 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This film was shot by students.",
"text": "Film ten został nakręcony przez studentów.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"by (used in passive constructions)"
],
"id": "en-przez-pl-prep-5aTd7gHU",
"links": [
[
"by",
"by"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 8 13 13 10 8 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "My tutor offers lessons via the internet.",
"text": "Mój korepetytor oferuje lekcje przez internet.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"via (by means of)"
],
"id": "en-przez-pl-prep-9Gfx1F~p",
"links": [
[
"via",
"via"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "drogą"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 8 13 13 10 8 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The plane is flying over the mountains.",
"text": "Samolot leci przez góry.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"over (in certain colocations)"
],
"id": "en-przez-pl-prep-oG6YnCOR",
"links": [
[
"over",
"over"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "A man died because of us.",
"text": "Przez nas umarł mężczyzna.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"because of"
],
"id": "en-przez-pl-prep-Ca1GU7O3",
"links": [
[
"because of",
"because of"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "z powodu"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 0 18 13 18 0 34 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 8 13 13 10 8 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He was home for six days.",
"text": "Był w domu przez 6 dni.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"for (used in time constructions)"
],
"id": "en-przez-pl-prep-E7Gn8p9j",
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpr̝ɛs/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/",
"note": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/",
"note": "Lasovia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʂɛs]",
"note": "Przemyśl"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/",
"note": "Żywiec"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛs"
}
],
"word": "przez"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "przez",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "2",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish przez",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "przez",
"id": "2"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish przez",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish przez.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "przeze",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "psiez",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "+genitive"
},
"expansion": "przez (+genitive)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"przez"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lasovia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Przemyśl Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Żywiec Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 8 13 13 10 8 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am a cripple without livelihood [lit. bread].",
"ref": "1960, Kazimierz Nitsch, Wybór polskich tekstów gwarowych, page 179:",
"text": "Ja jestem kaleka przez chleba.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"without, lacking"
],
"id": "en-przez-pl-prep-F2YDx~Jl",
"links": [
[
"without",
"without"
],
[
"lacking",
"lacking"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal, Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Żywiec, Przemyśl, Lasovia) without, lacking"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "prze-"
},
{
"word": "for passive constructions"
},
{
"word": "się"
}
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpr̝ɛs/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/",
"note": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/",
"note": "Lasovia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʂɛs]",
"note": "Przemyśl"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/",
"note": "Żywiec"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛs"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "przez"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "przez",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish przez",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "przez"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish przez",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "pl",
"3": "przez",
"senseid": "passive"
},
"expansion": "Sense 6 is a semantic loan from Polish przez",
"name": "sl"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish przez. Sense 6 is a semantic loan from Polish przez.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bez",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "przez",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"przez"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 15 4 2 2 1 0 1 4 0 1 2 2 1 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 4 2 1 1 2 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 1 15 2 3 2 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 16 4 2 2 1 0 1 4 0 1 2 2 0 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 4 2 0 1 2 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 1 16 2 2 2 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 10 8 7 15 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 12 18 12 26 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes period of time for"
],
"id": "en-przez-szl-prep-orcXTyZP",
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 12 18 12 26 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes movement; through; across"
],
"id": "en-przez-szl-prep-4upgV305",
"links": [
[
"through",
"through"
],
[
"across",
"across"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 12 18 12 26 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes cause; because of"
],
"id": "en-przez-szl-prep-GE7xBJvu",
"links": [
[
"because of",
"because of"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "skuli"
},
{
"word": "skirz"
},
{
"word": "skyrs"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "bezma"
},
{
"word": "bezmała"
},
{
"word": "hned"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 12 18 12 26 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes amount; more than"
],
"id": "en-przez-szl-prep-WvEt~S-X",
"links": [
[
"more",
"more"
],
[
"than",
"than"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 12 18 12 26 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes point of contact; into"
],
"id": "en-przez-szl-prep-FJhTqg1e",
"links": [
[
"into",
"into"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "po"
},
{
"word": "w"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 12 18 12 26 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in passive constructions; by"
],
"id": "en-przez-szl-prep-szl:passive",
"links": [
[
"by",
"by"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(proscribed) used in passive constructions; by"
],
"senseid": [
"szl:passive"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ôd"
}
],
"tags": [
"proscribed"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛs"
}
],
"word": "przez"
}
{
"categories": [
"Kashubian entries with incorrect language header",
"Kashubian lemmas",
"Kashubian prepositions",
"Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Kashubian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Kashubian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Kashubian/ɛs",
"Rhymes:Kashubian/ɛs/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*perz",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *perz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*perz"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *perz",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *perz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "przez",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"przez"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
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"lang_code": "csb",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"through"
],
"links": [
[
"through",
"through"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"denotes period of time for"
],
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛs"
}
],
"word": "przez"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish prepositions",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "przez",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "Polish: przez",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: przez"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "przez"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: przez",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: przez"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*perz",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *perz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*perz"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *perz",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1388"
},
"expansion": "1388",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1388"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1388",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *perz. First attested in 1388.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "przeze",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "przez",
"name": "head"
}
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 135, 16:",
"text": "Gensze przewodl lvd swoy przes pusczø (per desertum)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1928 [End of the fifteenth century], Jan Janów, editor, Zespół ewangelijny Biblioteki Ordynacji Zamoyskich nr 1116, Warsaw, page 294:",
"text": "Przes gynszą drogą (per aliam viam Mat 2, 12) vroczyly szyą sa do krolyestwa svego",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1959 [1411], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 678, Poznań:",
"text": "Abi mu dwoye coni przeprawil przes przewosz",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1885-2024 [1462], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume VIII, Chęciny, page 19:",
"text": "O ctore kopanye y oranye przesz graniczą Jan... y Raczybor... na mya zalowali, thom ya nye oral v[o] gich, ale w swym",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes movement from one side to the other, either on the surface or through the middle; physically or metaphorically across, through; along"
],
"links": [
[
"across",
"across"
],
[
"through",
"through"
],
[
"along",
"along"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Masovia, Greater Poland) denotes movement from one side to the other, either on the surface or through the middle; physically or metaphorically across, through; along"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1413–1414, Kanon mszy św., Canon missae., volume I, Iłża, page 263:",
"text": "Kthory s tobą zywye y kroluye... bog przesz wszythky wyeczne wyeky (per omnia saecula saeculorum)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes lengths of time for"
],
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) denotes lengths of time for"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "History of Slavic lawmaking",
"ref": "1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. \"Ortyls\"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, pages 126-127:",
"text": "Navczczye nasz, gestly then powod doszycz vkazal... takym *thysz tramow y szkleppem (leg. z sklepem) gego w mvrze [j] oszyądzenym (leg. osadzenim) daleko przesz rok y dzyen (die et anno et multo diutius) przesze wszey odmowy",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes a period occurring after something else after"
],
"links": [
[
"after",
"after"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) denotes a period occurring after something else after"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1950 [1429], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 353, Warsaw:",
"text": "*Jakom ia mam Micolayewy zastawą w dwdzestv (leg. w dwudziestu) cop przes thi na oui Godi",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"excluding"
],
"links": [
[
"excluding",
"excluding"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in temporal constructions) excluding"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in temporal constructions"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 478:",
"text": "Svyathy Ieronym nalasl v zydovskych kxyągach pyecznasczye znamyon pyeczynasczye dnyow przed sadnym dnyem, alye yedenly po drugym ma przydz, czyly przestąpvyącz czasch albo przeze dny, albo dalyey (sed utrum continui futuri sint dies illi, an interpolatim), tego nye vymynyl",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"every other"
],
"links": [
[
"every other",
"every other"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), section 21,29:",
"text": "A paklibi wol bodøczy bilbi od wczyorayszego dnya asz przes trzeczy dzen (ab heri et nudiustertius)..., wol kamyenym obrzuczon bødzye",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"before"
],
"links": [
[
"day",
"day"
],
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"qualifier": "the day",
"raw_glosses": [
"(the day) before"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1882 [Post fifteenth century], Emil Kałużniacki, editor, Kleinere altpolnische Texte aus Handschriften des XV. und des Anfangs des XVI. Jahrhunderts, page 273:",
"text": "Gdy szyą od zbythkow czyelesthnych przesz czysthotą, per continenciam, powczyągamy",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes intended recipient or goal aimed at; for"
],
"links": [
[
"aimed at",
"aimed at"
],
[
"for",
"for"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1901 [1463-1465], Jan Rozwadowski, editor, De morte prologus [Rozmowa mistrza Polikarpa ze śmiercią], Mierzeniec, Płock, line 142:",
"text": "Adam mye w yeplcze vkuszyl, przetho przesz mya vmrzecz mvszyl",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"because of"
],
"links": [
[
"because of",
"because of"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia) because of"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1950 [1427], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 203, Warsaw:",
"text": "Quia przes zapowecz pomloczyl pszenycza w gumne",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"despite"
],
"links": [
[
"despite",
"despite"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia) despite"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1301-1350, Kazania świętokrzyskie, Miechów, page dr 3:",
"text": "Pres ti dary milosc sina deuicego moze otrimach",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes an agent thanks to, due to"
],
"links": [
[
"thanks to",
"thanks to"
],
[
"due to",
"due to"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) denotes an agent thanks to, due to"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 172a:",
"text": "Ktoricz clouek thy to dary gest straczil, szukagsze gych mylosczyue..., a tako vøcz ge thy nadzesz presz svøthø spouecz a tesze pres dostognø pokuthø",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes manner or adverbial use of a noun"
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) denotes manner or adverbial use of a noun"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 6, 14:",
"text": "Ty to sø kszyøszøta domow przesz czelyadz swø (per familias suas)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"according to"
],
"links": [
[
"according to",
"according to"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 19, 12:",
"text": "Ustawysz ludu granycze przez *okrøøk (per circuitum)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes circumflex movement around"
],
"links": [
[
"around",
"around"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 37, 20:",
"text": "Na tem *drogu bily czasky cztyrzy... y krøszky przez wsziczky (per singulos)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes distribution per"
],
"links": [
[
"per",
"per"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1424, Kanon mszy św., Canon missae., volume III, page 55:",
"text": "Nas... wybranich twych przykaszy *szawszky w czrzeedze vdarowacz presz Yesu Crista (per Christum dominum nostrum)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used vocatively o"
],
"links": [
[
"o",
"o"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1888 [1400], Romuald Hube, editor, Zbiór rot przysiąg sądowych poznańskich, kościańskich, kaliskich, sieradzkich, piotrkowskich i dobrzyszyckich z końca wieku XIV i pierwszych lat wieku XV, Greater Poland, page 99:",
"text": "Eze Sulek przepraszal Groth trzemi grziwnami przes posla",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes instrumentality through, by means of"
],
"links": [
[
"through",
"through"
],
[
"by means of",
"by means of"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) denotes instrumentality through, by means of"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1916 [second half of the 15th century], Stanisław Słoński, editor, Psałterz puławski, Greater Poland, page 118 arg. 7:",
"text": "Bo tu molwy o myloszyerdzyu, yez yest z wnętrza, a przes to sze rozumye wyelyka myloszcz",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes object of interpretation"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1921 [1471], Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editor, Wolność kmieca na Mazowszu w wieku XV, Masovia, page 53:",
"text": "Jakom ya Philippowi kmecziewi... rol v ozimynie przesz Philippą podoranych nye zaoral gwalthem",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in passive constructions by"
],
"links": [
[
"by",
"by"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia) used in passive constructions by"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Lev”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 27, 7:",
"text": "Szeczdzesyøci (sc. lat) a przes to samyecz (sexagenarius et ultra masculus) da pyøcznaczcze rvblow, a zona dzesyøøcz",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes in addition, above"
],
"links": [
[
"in addition",
"in addition"
],
[
"above",
"above"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1972 [15th century], Józef Reczek, Wacław Twardzik, editors, Najstarsze staropolskie tłumaczenie ortyli magdeburskich wg rkpsu nr 50, pages 78, 2:",
"text": "Pothem przyszedl ten, czso... swego dlusznyką gymyenye zapowyedzal,... przesz gayony szand (in iudicium banitum, OrtMac 106: przed gaynym sządem) a rzekl",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"denotes a time Earlier than something before"
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pr̝ɛs/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/pr̝ɛs/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "przez"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish prepositions",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "przez",
"id": "2"
},
"expansion": "Polish: przez",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: przez"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1388"
},
"expansion": "1388",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1388"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1388",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From przez, due to confusion with the rhyming preposition bez. The two words were and are used interchangeably in various dialects, and in Old Polish przez nearly replaced bez around the 14th-15th century. However, in the written language the earlier distinction ultimately prevailed. First attested in 1388.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "przeze",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "przez",
"name": "head"
}
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "gen"
},
"expansion": "[with genitive]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1875 [c. 1455-1460], Zygmunt Celichowski, editor, Słowniczek łacińsko- polski wyrazów prawa magdeburskiego z wieku XV. Przedruk homograficzny z kodeksu kórnickiego, page 5:",
"text": "Dzedzina odvmarta uel pvsczina przez dzedzicza",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes lack of something without"
],
"links": [
[
"without",
"without"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1301-1350, Kazania świętokrzyskie, Miechów, page cr 36:",
"text": "Iz iesc.... taco smerne narodene sina bozego, ienze prez pocøthka s bogem occem jesc croleual",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used adverbially"
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) used adverbially"
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Scientific Journals of the Jagiellonian University",
"ref": "1958 [1395], “Nieznane czternastowieczne roty polskie z ksiąg sądowych ziemskich krakowskich [Unknown fourteenth-century Polish oaths from court records of Krakow landowners]”, in Zbigniew Perzanowski, Mieczysław Karaś, editors, Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego [Scientific Journals of the Jagiellonian University], volume I, Krakow, page 242:",
"text": "Ize przes czazu wyszla, a ya gey nicz ne *wsyal",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes a time earlier than something before"
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 93, 17:",
"text": "By bog ne podpomogl me, przes mala (paulo minus) przebiwalabi bila w pekle dusza moia",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nearly, almost"
],
"links": [
[
"nearly",
"nearly"
],
[
"almost",
"almost"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) nearly, almost"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 181a:",
"text": "Gdiscy svøthy Gan gestcy on bil stho lath pres gednego latha star",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"less than"
],
"links": [
[
"less than",
"less than"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) less than"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1959 [1388], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 42, Poznań:",
"text": "Jaco Wanczenecz wszal Marczinoui scztirzi clody sledzi przes praua",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes action against something against"
],
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) denotes action against something against"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Deut”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 20, 14:",
"text": "Sbygesz wszistko w nyem, czosz bødze plodv samczowego, myeczem, przesz zon y przes mlodzenczow (absque mulieribus et infantibus)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes exclusion besides, excluding, but"
],
"links": [
[
"besides",
"besides"
],
[
"excluding",
"excluding"
],
[
"but",
"but"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pr̝ɛs/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/pr̝ɛs/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "przez"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish prepositions",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛs",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛs/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "sam przez się"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "przez",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "1",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish przez",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "przez",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish przez",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*perz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *perz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish przez, from Proto-Slavic *perz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "przeze",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "psiez",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "przez",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"przez"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Why did the chicken cross the road? (literally, “Why did the chicken walk across the road?”)",
"text": "Dlaczego kurczak przeszedł przez ulicę?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"across (physically)"
],
"links": [
[
"across",
"across"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You can't see anything through this tiny window.",
"text": "Nic nie widać przez to małe okienko.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"through (physically)"
],
"links": [
[
"through",
"through"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This film was shot by students.",
"text": "Film ten został nakręcony przez studentów.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"by (used in passive constructions)"
],
"links": [
[
"by",
"by"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "My tutor offers lessons via the internet.",
"text": "Mój korepetytor oferuje lekcje przez internet.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"via (by means of)"
],
"links": [
[
"via",
"via"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "drogą"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The plane is flying over the mountains.",
"text": "Samolot leci przez góry.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"over (in certain colocations)"
],
"links": [
[
"over",
"over"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "A man died because of us.",
"text": "Przez nas umarł mężczyzna.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"because of"
],
"links": [
[
"because of",
"because of"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "z powodu"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He was home for six days.",
"text": "Był w domu przez 6 dni.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"for (used in time constructions)"
],
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpr̝ɛs/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/",
"note": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/",
"note": "Lasovia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʂɛs]",
"note": "Przemyśl"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/",
"note": "Żywiec"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛs"
}
],
"word": "przez"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish prepositions",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛs",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛs/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "przez",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "2",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish przez",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "przez",
"id": "2"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish przez",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish przez.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "przeze",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "psiez",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "+genitive"
},
"expansion": "przez (+genitive)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"przez"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "prep",
"related": [
{
"word": "prze-"
},
{
"word": "for passive constructions"
},
{
"word": "się"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chełmno-Dobrzyń Polish",
"Lasovia Polish",
"Polish dialectal terms",
"Polish terms with quotations",
"Przemyśl Polish",
"Żywiec Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am a cripple without livelihood [lit. bread].",
"ref": "1960, Kazimierz Nitsch, Wybór polskich tekstów gwarowych, page 179:",
"text": "Ja jestem kaleka przez chleba.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"without, lacking"
],
"links": [
[
"without",
"without"
],
[
"lacking",
"lacking"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal, Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Żywiec, Przemyśl, Lasovia) without, lacking"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpr̝ɛs/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/",
"note": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/",
"note": "Lasovia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʂɛs]",
"note": "Przemyśl"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/",
"note": "Żywiec"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛs"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "przez"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Silesian/ɛs",
"Rhymes:Silesian/ɛs/1 syllable",
"Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Silesian lemmas",
"Silesian prepositions",
"Silesian semantic loans from Polish",
"Silesian terms derived from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms derived from Polish",
"Silesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Silesian terms with audio pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "przez",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish przez",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "przez"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish przez",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "pl",
"3": "przez",
"senseid": "passive"
},
"expansion": "Sense 6 is a semantic loan from Polish przez",
"name": "sl"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish przez. Sense 6 is a semantic loan from Polish przez.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bez",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "przez",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"przez"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"denotes period of time for"
],
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"denotes movement; through; across"
],
"links": [
[
"through",
"through"
],
[
"across",
"across"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"denotes cause; because of"
],
"links": [
[
"because of",
"because of"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "skuli"
},
{
"word": "skirz"
},
{
"word": "skyrs"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "bezma"
},
{
"word": "bezmała"
},
{
"word": "hned"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes amount; more than"
],
"links": [
[
"more",
"more"
],
[
"than",
"than"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"denotes point of contact; into"
],
"links": [
[
"into",
"into"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "po"
},
{
"word": "w"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Silesian proscribed terms"
],
"glosses": [
"used in passive constructions; by"
],
"links": [
[
"by",
"by"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(proscribed) used in passive constructions; by"
],
"senseid": [
"szl:passive"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ôd"
}
],
"tags": [
"proscribed"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛs"
}
],
"word": "przez"
}
Download raw JSONL data for przez meaning in All languages combined (30.4kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Lesser Poland, Masovia, Greater Poland",
"path": [
"przez"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przez",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Lesser Poland, Masovia, Greater Poland",
"path": [
"przez"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przez",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: dialectal, Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Żywiec, Przemyśl, Lasovia",
"path": [
"przez"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przez",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: dialectal, Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Żywiec, Przemyśl, Lasovia",
"path": [
"przez"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przez",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: dialectal, Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Żywiec, Przemyśl, Lasovia",
"path": [
"przez"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przez",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: dialectal, Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Żywiec, Przemyśl, Lasovia",
"path": [
"przez"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przez",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: dialectal, Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Żywiec, Przemyśl, Lasovia",
"path": [
"przez"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przez",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: dialectal, Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Żywiec, Przemyśl, Lasovia",
"path": [
"przez"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przez",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: dialectal, Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Żywiec, Przemyśl, Lasovia",
"path": [
"przez"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przez",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: dialectal, Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Żywiec, Przemyśl, Lasovia",
"path": [
"przez"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przez",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.