"przez" meaning in All languages combined

See przez on Wiktionary

Preposition [Kashubian]

IPA: /ˈpr̝ɛs/ Forms: przez [+accusative] [canonical]
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *perz. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|csb|sla-pro|*perz|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *perz, {{inh+|csb|sla-pro|*perz}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *perz Head templates: {{head|csb|preposition}} przez
  1. through
    Sense id: en-przez-csb-prep-nGcl3Caa
  2. denotes period of time for
    Sense id: en-przez-csb-prep-orcXTyZP Categories (other): Kashubian entries with incorrect language header, Kashubian prepositions Disambiguation of Kashubian entries with incorrect language header: 0 100 Disambiguation of Kashubian prepositions: 24 76

Preposition [Old Polish]

IPA: /pr̝ɛs/ (note: 10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE), /pr̝ɛs/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE) Forms: przez [+accusative] [canonical]
Etymology: table Inherited from Proto-Slavic *perz. First attested in 1388. Etymology templates: {{etymid|zlw-opl|1}} table, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|zlw-opl|sla-pro|*perz|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *perz, {{inh+|zlw-opl|sla-pro|*perz}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *perz, {{etydate/the|1388}} 1388, {{etydate|1388}} First attested in 1388. Head templates: {{head|zlw-opl|preposition}} przez
  1. denotes movement from one side to the other, either on the surface or through the middle; physically or metaphorically across, through; along
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-JPHRJMLy
  2. denotes lengths of time for
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-ARtZiECZ
  3. denotes a period occurring after something else after
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-9KSW0c-C
  4. (in temporal constructions) excluding
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-o7wTyset
  5. every other
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-ecwJRizU
  6. (the day) before
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-bbfYA-dP
  7. denotes intended recipient or goal aimed at; for
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-NsUD5EOP
  8. because of
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-Ca1GU7O3
  9. despite
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-bb77T-Aj
  10. denotes an agent thanks to, due to
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-bVFiwGeY
  11. denotes manner or adverbial use of a noun
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-skld8uvs
  12. according to
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-KWGm0cjc
  13. denotes circumflex movement around
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-fhqPFmhg
  14. denotes distribution per
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-9HgT1Zkf
  15. used vocatively o
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-Mepr5BuO
  16. denotes instrumentality through, by means of
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-KmilwxB4
  17. denotes object of interpretation
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-q4-n~FvX
  18. used in passive constructions by
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-usFVCO2F
  19. denotes in addition, above
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-qPGgndQq Categories (other): Old Polish entries with incorrect language header, Old Polish prepositions Disambiguation of Old Polish entries with incorrect language header: 5 3 2 0 0 0 5 8 1 5 3 0 4 3 4 5 4 2 19 2 2 3 7 2 1 3 3 2 Disambiguation of Old Polish prepositions: 4 3 2 1 1 0 5 8 1 5 3 1 3 3 4 5 4 3 19 2 3 3 7 2 1 3 3 3
  20. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-I6wWwGKf Categories (other): Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning
  21. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
    denotes a time Earlier than something before
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-s9M2HO4Q Categories (other): Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: przeze
Etymology number: 1

Preposition [Old Polish]

IPA: /pr̝ɛs/ (note: 10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE), /pr̝ɛs/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE) Forms: przez [+genitive] [canonical]
Etymology: table From przez, due to confusion with the rhyming preposition bez. The two words were and are used interchangeably in various dialects, and in Old Polish przez nearly replaced bez around the 14th-15th century. However, in the written language the earlier distinction ultimately prevailed. First attested in 1388. Etymology templates: {{etymid|zlw-opl|2}} table, {{m|pl|przez}} przez, {{m|pl|bez}} bez, {{etydate/the|1388}} 1388, {{etydate|1388}} First attested in 1388. Head templates: {{head|zlw-opl|preposition}} przez
  1. denotes lack of something without
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-ZszRsQSi
  2. used adverbially Tags: adverbial
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-qclU48zi
  3. denotes a time earlier than something before
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-8RGcUq0S
  4. nearly, almost
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-MfBXPw0p
  5. denotes less than
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-As64P7-s
  6. denotes action against something against
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-sBpgYH5O
  7. denotes exclusion besides, excluding, but
    Sense id: en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-cHS5pgYM
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: przeze
Etymology number: 2

Preposition [Polish]

IPA: /pʂɛs/, /ˈpʂɛs/ [Middle, Polish], /ˈpr̝ɛs/ [Middle, Polish] Forms: przez [+accusative] [canonical]
Rhymes: -ɛs Etymology: table Inherited from Old Polish przez, from Proto-Slavic *perz. Etymology templates: {{etymid|pl|1}} table, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|zlw-opl|przez|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=1|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Polish przez, {{inh+|pl|zlw-opl|przez|id=1}} Inherited from Old Polish przez, {{inh|pl|sla-pro|*perz}} Proto-Slavic *perz Head templates: {{head|pl|preposition}} przez
  1. across (physically)
    Sense id: en-przez-pl-prep-e2QpT6eY
  2. through (physically)
    Sense id: en-przez-pl-prep-STcBe26e
  3. by (used in passive constructions)
    Sense id: en-przez-pl-prep-5aTd7gHU Categories (other): Polish prepositions Disambiguation of Polish prepositions: 9 8 12 17 10 17 12 15
  4. via (by means of) Synonyms: drogą
    Sense id: en-przez-pl-prep-9Gfx1F~p Categories (other): Polish prepositions Disambiguation of Polish prepositions: 9 8 12 17 10 17 12 15
  5. over (in certain colocations)
    Sense id: en-przez-pl-prep-oG6YnCOR
  6. because of Synonyms: z powodu
    Sense id: en-przez-pl-prep-Ca1GU7O3 Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish prepositions Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 1 0 9 29 9 37 13 2 Disambiguation of Polish prepositions: 9 8 12 17 10 17 12 15
  7. for (used in time constructions)
    Sense id: en-przez-pl-prep-E7Gn8p9j Categories (other): Polish prepositions Disambiguation of Polish prepositions: 9 8 12 17 10 17 12 15
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: przeze
Etymology number: 1

Preposition [Polish]

IPA: /pʂɛs/, /ˈpʂɛs/ [Middle, Polish], /ˈpr̝ɛs/ [Middle, Polish]
Rhymes: -ɛs Etymology: table Inherited from Old Polish przez. Etymology templates: {{etymid|pl|2}} table, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|zlw-opl|przez|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=2|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Polish przez, {{inh+|pl|zlw-opl|przez|id=2}} Inherited from Old Polish przez Head templates: {{head|pl|preposition|+genitive}} przez (+genitive)
  1. (regional) without, lacking Tags: regional, with-genitive Related terms: prze-, for passive constructions, się
    Sense id: en-przez-pl-prep-F2YDx~Jl Categories (other): Regional Polish, Polish prepositions Disambiguation of Polish prepositions: 9 8 12 17 10 17 12 15
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: przeze
Etymology number: 2

Preposition [Silesian]

IPA: /ˈpʂɛs/ Forms: przez [+accusative] [canonical]
Rhymes: -ɛs Etymology: Inherited from Old Polish przez. Sense 6 is a semantic loan from Polish przez. Etymology templates: {{dercat|szl|sla-pro|ine-pro|inh=1}}, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|szl|zlw-opl|przez|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Polish przez, {{inh+|szl|zlw-opl|przez}} Inherited from Old Polish przez, {{sl|szl|pl|przez|senseid=passive}} Sense 6 is a semantic loan from Polish przez Head templates: {{head|szl|preposition}} przez
  1. denotes period of time for
    Sense id: en-przez-szl-prep-orcXTyZP Categories (other): Silesian entries with incorrect language header, Silesian prepositions Disambiguation of Silesian entries with incorrect language header: 45 10 16 7 14 8 Disambiguation of Silesian prepositions: 20 11 20 12 25 11
  2. denotes movement; through; across
    Sense id: en-przez-szl-prep-4upgV305 Categories (other): Silesian prepositions Disambiguation of Silesian prepositions: 20 11 20 12 25 11
  3. denotes cause; because of Synonyms: skuli, skirz, skyrs
    Sense id: en-przez-szl-prep-GE7xBJvu Categories (other): Silesian prepositions Disambiguation of Silesian prepositions: 20 11 20 12 25 11
  4. denotes amount; more than
    Sense id: en-przez-szl-prep-WvEt~S-X Categories (other): Silesian prepositions Disambiguation of Silesian prepositions: 20 11 20 12 25 11
  5. denotes point of contact; into Synonyms: po, w
    Sense id: en-przez-szl-prep-FJhTqg1e Categories (other): Silesian prepositions Disambiguation of Silesian prepositions: 20 11 20 12 25 11
  6. (proscribed) used in passive constructions; by Tags: proscribed Synonyms: ôd
    Sense id: en-przez-szl-prep-szl:passive Categories (other): Silesian prepositions Disambiguation of Silesian prepositions: 20 11 20 12 25 11
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: bez (english: Northern Silesia)

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for przez meaning in All languages combined (18.1kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "csb",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*perz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *perz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "csb",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*perz"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *perz",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *perz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "przez [+accusative]",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "csb",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "przez",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "przez"
  ],
  "lang": "Kashubian",
  "lang_code": "csb",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "through"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-csb-prep-nGcl3Caa",
      "links": [
        [
          "through",
          "through"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Kashubian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 76",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Kashubian prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denotes period of time for"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-csb-prep-orcXTyZP",
      "links": [
        [
          "for",
          "for"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpr̝ɛs/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "przez"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-mas",
            "2": "prżez",
            "id": "through"
          },
          "expansion": "Masurian: prżez",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Masurian: prżez"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "przez",
            "id": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: przez",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: przez"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "szl",
            "2": "przez"
          },
          "expansion": "Silesian: przez",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Silesian: przez"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*perz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *perz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*perz"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *perz",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1388"
      },
      "expansion": "1388",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1388"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in 1388.",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *perz. First attested in 1388.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "przez [+accusative]",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "przez",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes movement from one side to the other, either on the surface or through the middle; physically or metaphorically across, through; along"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-JPHRJMLy",
      "links": [
        [
          "across",
          "across"
        ],
        [
          "through",
          "through"
        ],
        [
          "along",
          "along"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes lengths of time for"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-ARtZiECZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "for",
          "for"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes a period occurring after something else after"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-9KSW0c-C",
      "links": [
        [
          "after",
          "after"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "excluding"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-o7wTyset",
      "links": [
        [
          "excluding",
          "excluding"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in temporal constructions) excluding"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in temporal constructions"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "every other"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-ecwJRizU",
      "links": [
        [
          "every other",
          "every other"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "before"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-bbfYA-dP",
      "links": [
        [
          "day",
          "day"
        ],
        [
          "before",
          "before"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "the day",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(the day) before"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes intended recipient or goal aimed at; for"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-NsUD5EOP",
      "links": [
        [
          "aimed at",
          "aimed at"
        ],
        [
          "for",
          "for"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "because of"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-Ca1GU7O3",
      "links": [
        [
          "because of",
          "because of"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "despite"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-bb77T-Aj",
      "links": [
        [
          "despite",
          "despite"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes an agent thanks to, due to"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-bVFiwGeY",
      "links": [
        [
          "thanks to",
          "thanks to"
        ],
        [
          "due to",
          "due to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes manner or adverbial use of a noun"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-skld8uvs"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "according to"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-KWGm0cjc",
      "links": [
        [
          "according to",
          "according to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes circumflex movement around"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-fhqPFmhg",
      "links": [
        [
          "around",
          "around"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes distribution per"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-9HgT1Zkf",
      "links": [
        [
          "per",
          "per"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "used vocatively o"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-Mepr5BuO",
      "links": [
        [
          "o",
          "o"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes instrumentality through, by means of"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-KmilwxB4",
      "links": [
        [
          "through",
          "through"
        ],
        [
          "by means of",
          "by means of"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes object of interpretation"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-q4-n~FvX"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "used in passive constructions by"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-usFVCO2F",
      "links": [
        [
          "by",
          "by"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 3 2 0 0 0 5 8 1 5 3 0 4 3 4 5 4 2 19 2 2 3 7 2 1 3 3 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 3 2 1 1 0 5 8 1 5 3 1 3 3 4 5 4 3 19 2 3 3 7 2 1 3 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denotes in addition, above"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-qPGgndQq",
      "links": [
        [
          "in addition",
          "in addition"
        ],
        [
          "above",
          "above"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with uncertain meaning",
            "Terms by usage"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-I6wWwGKf",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with uncertain meaning",
            "Terms by usage"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
        "denotes a time Earlier than something before"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-s9M2HO4Q",
      "links": [
        [
          "before",
          "before"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pr̝ɛs/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pr̝ɛs/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "przeze"
    }
  ],
  "word": "przez"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-mas",
            "2": "prżez",
            "id": "without"
          },
          "expansion": "Masurian: prżez",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Masurian: prżez"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "przez",
            "id": "2"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: przez",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: przez"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "przez"
      },
      "expansion": "przez",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "bez"
      },
      "expansion": "bez",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1388"
      },
      "expansion": "1388",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1388"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in 1388.",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nFrom przez, due to confusion with the rhyming preposition bez. The two words were and are used interchangeably in various dialects, and in Old Polish przez nearly replaced bez around the 14th-15th century. However, in the written language the earlier distinction ultimately prevailed. First attested in 1388.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "przez [+genitive]",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "przez",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes lack of something without"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-ZszRsQSi",
      "links": [
        [
          "without",
          "without"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "used adverbially"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-qclU48zi",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes a time earlier than something before"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-8RGcUq0S",
      "links": [
        [
          "before",
          "before"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "nearly, almost"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-MfBXPw0p",
      "links": [
        [
          "nearly",
          "nearly"
        ],
        [
          "almost",
          "almost"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes less than"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-As64P7-s",
      "links": [
        [
          "less than",
          "less than"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes action against something against"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-sBpgYH5O",
      "links": [
        [
          "against",
          "against"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes exclusion besides, excluding, but"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-zlw-opl-prep-cHS5pgYM",
      "links": [
        [
          "besides",
          "besides"
        ],
        [
          "excluding",
          "excluding"
        ],
        [
          "but",
          "but"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pr̝ɛs/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pr̝ɛs/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "przeze"
    }
  ],
  "word": "przez"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "przez",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "1",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish przez",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "przez",
        "id": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish przez",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*perz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *perz",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Old Polish przez, from Proto-Slavic *perz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "przez [+accusative]",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "przez",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "przez"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Why did the chicken cross the road? (literally, “Why did the chicken walk across the road?”)",
          "text": "Dlaczego kurczak przeszedł przez ulicę?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "across (physically)"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-pl-prep-e2QpT6eY",
      "links": [
        [
          "across",
          "across"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "You can't see anything through this tiny window.",
          "text": "Nic nie widać przez to małe okienko.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "through (physically)"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-pl-prep-STcBe26e",
      "links": [
        [
          "through",
          "through"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 8 12 17 10 17 12 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "This film was shot by students.",
          "text": "Film ten został nakręcony przez studentów.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "by (used in passive constructions)"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-pl-prep-5aTd7gHU",
      "links": [
        [
          "by",
          "by"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 8 12 17 10 17 12 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "My tutor offers lessons via the internet.",
          "text": "Mój korepetytor oferuje lekcje przez internet.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "via (by means of)"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-pl-prep-9Gfx1F~p",
      "links": [
        [
          "via",
          "via"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "drogą"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The plane is flying over the mountains.",
          "text": "Samolot leci przez góry.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "over (in certain colocations)"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-pl-prep-oG6YnCOR",
      "links": [
        [
          "over",
          "over"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 0 9 29 9 37 13 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 8 12 17 10 17 12 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "A man died because of us.",
          "text": "Przez nas umarł mężczyzna.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "because of"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-pl-prep-Ca1GU7O3",
      "links": [
        [
          "because of",
          "because of"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "z powodu"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 8 12 17 10 17 12 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He was home for six days.",
          "text": "Był w domu przez 6 dni.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "for (used in time constructions)"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-pl-prep-E7Gn8p9j",
      "links": [
        [
          "for",
          "for"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pʂɛs/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpr̝ɛs/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛs"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "przeze"
    }
  ],
  "word": "przez"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "przez",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "2",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish przez",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "przez",
        "id": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish przez",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Old Polish przez.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "preposition",
        "3": "+genitive"
      },
      "expansion": "przez (+genitive)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "przez"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Regional Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 8 12 17 10 17 12 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I am a cripple without livelihood [lit. bread].",
          "ref": "1960, Kazimierz Nitsch, Wybór polskich tekstów gwarowych, page 179",
          "text": "Ja jestem kaleka przez chleba.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "without, lacking"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-pl-prep-F2YDx~Jl",
      "links": [
        [
          "regional",
          "regional#English"
        ],
        [
          "without",
          "without"
        ],
        [
          "lacking",
          "lacking"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(regional) without, lacking"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "prze-"
        },
        {
          "word": "for passive constructions"
        },
        {
          "word": "się"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "regional",
        "with-genitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pʂɛs/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpr̝ɛs/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛs"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "przeze"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "pl:Ida Kurcz"
  ],
  "word": "przez"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "przez",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish przez",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "przez"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish przez",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "przez",
        "senseid": "passive"
      },
      "expansion": "Sense 6 is a semantic loan from Polish przez",
      "name": "sl"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish przez. Sense 6 is a semantic loan from Polish przez.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "przez [+accusative]",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "przez",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "przez"
  ],
  "lang": "Silesian",
  "lang_code": "szl",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "45 10 16 7 14 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 11 20 12 25 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Silesian prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denotes period of time for"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-szl-prep-orcXTyZP",
      "links": [
        [
          "for",
          "for"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 11 20 12 25 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Silesian prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denotes movement; through; across"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-szl-prep-4upgV305",
      "links": [
        [
          "through",
          "through"
        ],
        [
          "across",
          "across"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 11 20 12 25 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Silesian prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denotes cause; because of"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-szl-prep-GE7xBJvu",
      "links": [
        [
          "because of",
          "because of"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "skuli"
        },
        {
          "word": "skirz"
        },
        {
          "word": "skyrs"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "bezma"
        },
        {
          "word": "bezmała"
        },
        {
          "word": "hned"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 11 20 12 25 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Silesian prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denotes amount; more than"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-szl-prep-WvEt~S-X",
      "links": [
        [
          "more",
          "more"
        ],
        [
          "than",
          "than"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 11 20 12 25 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Silesian prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denotes point of contact; into"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-szl-prep-FJhTqg1e",
      "links": [
        [
          "into",
          "into"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "po"
        },
        {
          "word": "w"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 11 20 12 25 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Silesian prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used in passive constructions; by"
      ],
      "id": "en-przez-szl-prep-szl:passive",
      "links": [
        [
          "by",
          "by"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(proscribed) used in passive constructions; by"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "szl:passive"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ôd"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "proscribed"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛs"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "Northern Silesia",
      "word": "bez"
    }
  ],
  "word": "przez"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Kashubian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Kashubian lemmas",
    "Kashubian prepositions",
    "Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Kashubian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Kashubian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "csb",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*perz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *perz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "csb",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*perz"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *perz",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *perz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "przez [+accusative]",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "csb",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "przez",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "przez"
  ],
  "lang": "Kashubian",
  "lang_code": "csb",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "through"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "through",
          "through"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes period of time for"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "for",
          "for"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpr̝ɛs/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "przez"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Polish lemmas",
    "Old Polish prepositions",
    "Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-mas",
            "2": "prżez",
            "id": "through"
          },
          "expansion": "Masurian: prżez",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Masurian: prżez"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "przez",
            "id": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: przez",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: przez"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "szl",
            "2": "przez"
          },
          "expansion": "Silesian: przez",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Silesian: przez"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*perz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *perz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*perz"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *perz",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1388"
      },
      "expansion": "1388",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1388"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in 1388.",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *perz. First attested in 1388.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "przez [+accusative]",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "przez",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes movement from one side to the other, either on the surface or through the middle; physically or metaphorically across, through; along"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "across",
          "across"
        ],
        [
          "through",
          "through"
        ],
        [
          "along",
          "along"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes lengths of time for"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "for",
          "for"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes a period occurring after something else after"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "after",
          "after"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "excluding"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "excluding",
          "excluding"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in temporal constructions) excluding"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in temporal constructions"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "every other"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "every other",
          "every other"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "before"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "day",
          "day"
        ],
        [
          "before",
          "before"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "the day",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(the day) before"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes intended recipient or goal aimed at; for"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "aimed at",
          "aimed at"
        ],
        [
          "for",
          "for"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "because of"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "because of",
          "because of"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "despite"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "despite",
          "despite"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes an agent thanks to, due to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "thanks to",
          "thanks to"
        ],
        [
          "due to",
          "due to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes manner or adverbial use of a noun"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "according to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "according to",
          "according to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes circumflex movement around"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "around",
          "around"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes distribution per"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "per",
          "per"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "used vocatively o"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "o",
          "o"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes instrumentality through, by means of"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "through",
          "through"
        ],
        [
          "by means of",
          "by means of"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes object of interpretation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "used in passive constructions by"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "by",
          "by"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes in addition, above"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "in addition",
          "in addition"
        ],
        [
          "above",
          "above"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
        "denotes a time Earlier than something before"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "before",
          "before"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pr̝ɛs/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pr̝ɛs/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "przeze"
    }
  ],
  "word": "przez"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Polish lemmas",
    "Old Polish prepositions",
    "Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-mas",
            "2": "prżez",
            "id": "without"
          },
          "expansion": "Masurian: prżez",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Masurian: prżez"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "przez",
            "id": "2"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: przez",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: przez"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "przez"
      },
      "expansion": "przez",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "bez"
      },
      "expansion": "bez",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1388"
      },
      "expansion": "1388",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1388"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in 1388.",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nFrom przez, due to confusion with the rhyming preposition bez. The two words were and are used interchangeably in various dialects, and in Old Polish przez nearly replaced bez around the 14th-15th century. However, in the written language the earlier distinction ultimately prevailed. First attested in 1388.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "przez [+genitive]",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "przez",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes lack of something without"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "without",
          "without"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "used adverbially"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes a time earlier than something before"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "before",
          "before"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "nearly, almost"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nearly",
          "nearly"
        ],
        [
          "almost",
          "almost"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes less than"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "less than",
          "less than"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes action against something against"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "against",
          "against"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes exclusion besides, excluding, but"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "besides",
          "besides"
        ],
        [
          "excluding",
          "excluding"
        ],
        [
          "but",
          "but"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pr̝ɛs/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pr̝ɛs/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "przeze"
    }
  ],
  "word": "przez"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish prepositions",
    "Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɛs",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɛs/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "przez",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "1",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish przez",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "przez",
        "id": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish przez",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*perz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *perz",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Old Polish przez, from Proto-Slavic *perz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "przez [+accusative]",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "przez",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "przez"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Why did the chicken cross the road? (literally, “Why did the chicken walk across the road?”)",
          "text": "Dlaczego kurczak przeszedł przez ulicę?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "across (physically)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "across",
          "across"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "You can't see anything through this tiny window.",
          "text": "Nic nie widać przez to małe okienko.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "through (physically)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "through",
          "through"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "This film was shot by students.",
          "text": "Film ten został nakręcony przez studentów.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "by (used in passive constructions)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "by",
          "by"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "My tutor offers lessons via the internet.",
          "text": "Mój korepetytor oferuje lekcje przez internet.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "via (by means of)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "via",
          "via"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "drogą"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The plane is flying over the mountains.",
          "text": "Samolot leci przez góry.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "over (in certain colocations)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "over",
          "over"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "A man died because of us.",
          "text": "Przez nas umarł mężczyzna.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "because of"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "because of",
          "because of"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "z powodu"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He was home for six days.",
          "text": "Był w domu przez 6 dni.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "for (used in time constructions)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "for",
          "for"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pʂɛs/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpr̝ɛs/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛs"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "przeze"
    }
  ],
  "word": "przez"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish prepositions",
    "Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɛs",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɛs/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "przez",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "2",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish przez",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "przez",
        "id": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish przez",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Old Polish przez.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "preposition",
        "3": "+genitive"
      },
      "expansion": "przez (+genitive)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "przez"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "prep",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "prze-"
    },
    {
      "word": "for passive constructions"
    },
    {
      "word": "się"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with quotations",
        "Regional Polish"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I am a cripple without livelihood [lit. bread].",
          "ref": "1960, Kazimierz Nitsch, Wybór polskich tekstów gwarowych, page 179",
          "text": "Ja jestem kaleka przez chleba.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "without, lacking"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "regional",
          "regional#English"
        ],
        [
          "without",
          "without"
        ],
        [
          "lacking",
          "lacking"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(regional) without, lacking"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "regional",
        "with-genitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pʂɛs/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpr̝ɛs/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛs"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "przeze"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "pl:Ida Kurcz"
  ],
  "word": "przez"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Rhymes:Silesian/ɛs",
    "Rhymes:Silesian/ɛs/1 syllable",
    "Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Silesian lemmas",
    "Silesian prepositions",
    "Silesian semantic loans from Polish",
    "Silesian terms derived from Old Polish",
    "Silesian terms derived from Polish",
    "Silesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish",
    "Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "przez",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish przez",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "przez"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish przez",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "przez",
        "senseid": "passive"
      },
      "expansion": "Sense 6 is a semantic loan from Polish przez",
      "name": "sl"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish przez. Sense 6 is a semantic loan from Polish przez.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "przez [+accusative]",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "przez",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "przez"
  ],
  "lang": "Silesian",
  "lang_code": "szl",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes period of time for"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "for",
          "for"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes movement; through; across"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "through",
          "through"
        ],
        [
          "across",
          "across"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes cause; because of"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "because of",
          "because of"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "skuli"
        },
        {
          "word": "skirz"
        },
        {
          "word": "skyrs"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "bezma"
        },
        {
          "word": "bezmała"
        },
        {
          "word": "hned"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denotes amount; more than"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "more",
          "more"
        ],
        [
          "than",
          "than"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "denotes point of contact; into"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "into",
          "into"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "po"
        },
        {
          "word": "w"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Silesian proscribed terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used in passive constructions; by"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "by",
          "by"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(proscribed) used in passive constructions; by"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "szl:passive"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ôd"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "proscribed"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpʂɛs/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛs"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "Northern Silesia",
      "word": "bez"
    }
  ],
  "word": "przez"
}
{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
  "msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'przez [+accusative]' in 'przez [+accusative]'",
  "path": [
    "przez"
  ],
  "section": "Kashubian",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "przez",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
  "msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'przez [+accusative]' in 'przez [+accusative]'",
  "path": [
    "przez"
  ],
  "section": "Old Polish",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "przez",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
  "msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'przez [+genitive]' in 'przez [+genitive]'",
  "path": [
    "przez"
  ],
  "section": "Old Polish",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "przez",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
  "msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'przez [+accusative]' in 'przez [+accusative]'",
  "path": [
    "przez"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "przez",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
  "msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'przez [+accusative]' in 'przez [+accusative]'",
  "path": [
    "przez"
  ],
  "section": "Silesian",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "przez",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.