See presumption on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "conclusive presumption"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "presumption of innocence"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "violent presumption"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "presumption"
},
"expansion": "Middle French presumption",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "presumption"
},
"expansion": "Old French presumption",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "praesumptiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin praesumptiō",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle French presumption, from Old French presumption, from Latin praesumptiō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "presumptions",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "presumption (countable and uncountable, plural presumptions)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "presumptive"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "presumptuous"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1832, Thomas De Quincey, “James's History of Charlemagne”, in Blackwood's Magazine:",
"text": "Yet, in contradiction to all these very plausible presumptions, even this remote period teems with its own peculiar and separate instruction.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of presuming, or something presumed."
],
"id": "en-presumption-en-noun-KeoJ0Ra2",
"links": [
[
"presuming",
"presuming"
],
[
"presumed",
"presumed"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "86 1 5 7 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predpoloženie",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предположение"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 1 5 7 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aanname"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 1 5 7 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"word": "otaksuma"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 1 5 7 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"word": "otaksuminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 1 5 7 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Annahme"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 1 5 7 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vermutung"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 1 5 7 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mutmaßung"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 1 5 7 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Annehmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 1 5 7 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Vermuten"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 1 5 7 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Mutmaßen"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 1 5 7 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"word": "vélelmezés"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 1 5 7 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"word": "feltételezés"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 1 5 7 1",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "anyq-qanyğyna jetu",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"word": "анық-қанығына жету"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 1 5 7 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nōþ"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 1 5 7 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "suposição"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 1 5 7 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "presupunere"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 1 5 7 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prezumție"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 1 5 7 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predpoložénije",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предположе́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 1 5 7 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dopuščénije",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "допуще́ние"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 11 12 33 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The presumption is that an event has taken place.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1711 December 8 (Gregorian calendar), [Jonathan Swift], The Conduct of the Allies, and of the Late Ministry, in Beginning and Carrying on the Present War, 4th edition, London: […] John Morphew […], published 1711, →OCLC, page 33:",
"text": "I have here imputed the Continuance of the War to the mutual Indulgence between our General and Allies, wherein they both so well found their Accounts; to the Fears of the Mony-changers, left their Tables should be overthrown; to the Designs of the Whigs, who apprehended the Loss of their Credit and Employments in a Peace; and to those at home, who held their immoderate Engrossments of Power and Favour, by no other Tenure than their own Presumption upon the Necessity of Affairs.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true."
],
"id": "en-presumption-en-noun--W4S2ilj",
"links": [
[
"belief",
"belief"
],
[
"reasonable",
"reasonable"
],
[
"evidence",
"evidence"
],
[
"true",
"true"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 89 3 1 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dopuskane",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "допускане"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 3 1 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"word": "otaksuma"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 3 1 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"word": "oletus"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 3 1 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"word": "olettamus"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 3 1 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Annahme"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 3 1 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vermutung"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 3 1 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mutmaßung"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 3 1 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Präsumtion"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 3 1 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Präsumption"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 3 1 6",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"word": "vélelem"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 3 1 6",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"word": "feltevés"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 3 1 6",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prezumție"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 3 1 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prezúmpcija",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "презу́мпция"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 11 12 33 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The condition upon which something is presumed."
],
"id": "en-presumption-en-noun-X5kYkOQ2",
"links": [
[
"condition",
"condition"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predpoloženie",
"sense": "the condition upon which something is presumed",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предположение"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the condition upon which something is presumed",
"word": "otaksuma"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the condition upon which something is presumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Annahme"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the condition upon which something is presumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Wahrscheinlichkeit"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predpoložénije",
"sense": "the condition upon which something is presumed",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предположе́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dopuščénije",
"sense": "the condition upon which something is presumed",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "допуще́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 90 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"english": "likelihood",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "verojátnostʹ",
"sense": "the condition upon which something is presumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вероя́тность"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 11 12 33 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act III, scene iii:",
"text": "Note the preſumption of this Scythian ſlaue:\nI tel thee villaine, thoſe that lead my horſe\nHaue to their names tytles of dignitie,\nAnd dar’ſt thou bluntly cal me Baiazeth?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene vi]:",
"text": "Thy son I killed for his presumption.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1693, John Dryden, “[The Dedication]”, in The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis. Translated into English Verse. […] Together with the Satires of Aulus Persius Flaccus. […], London: Printed for Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC, page ii:",
"text": "[…]yet even then, I had the preſumption to Dedicate to your Lordſhip: A very unfiniſh'd Piece […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], chapter XIV, in Pride and Prejudice: […], volume III, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 246:",
"text": "“Let me be rightly understood. This match, to which you have the presumption to aspire, can never take place. No, never. Mr. Darcy is engaged to my daughter. Now what have you to say?”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], chapter 16, in Emma: […], volume I, London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, →OCLC:",
"text": "“If I had not persuaded Harriet into liking the man, I could have borne any thing. He might have doubled his presumption to me—but poor Harriet!”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Arrogant behaviour; the act of venturing beyond due bounds of reverence or respect."
],
"id": "en-presumption-en-noun-yRXp-deo",
"links": [
[
"Arrogant",
"arrogant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) Arrogant behaviour; the act of venturing beyond due bounds of reverence or respect."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"dated",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 86 12",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "samonadejanost",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "самонадеяност"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 86 12",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aanmatiging"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 86 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Überheblichkeit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 86 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Einbildung"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 86 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vermessenheit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 86 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Dreistigkeit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 86 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Dreistheit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 86 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Unverschämtheit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 86 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Dünkel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 86 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Übermut"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 86 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Anmaßung"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 86 12",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"word": "tiszteletlenség"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 86 12",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"word": "fölényesség"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 86 12",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"word": "kivagyiság"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 86 12",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"word": "pökhendiség"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 86 12",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"word": "whakaī"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 86 12",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"word": "ī"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 86 12",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"word": "tīkai"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 86 12",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "presunção"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 86 12",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prezumție"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 86 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "samonadéjannostʹ",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "самонаде́янность"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 86 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vysokomérije",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "высокоме́рие"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 86 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nadménnostʹ",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "надме́нность"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 8 5 31 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 8 28 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 6 30 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 4 33 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 11 22 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 12 9 23 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 11 22 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 11 8 23 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 11 8 24 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 12 8 18 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 14 21 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 6 24 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 9 20 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 11 22 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 11 12 33 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 13 8 22 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 11 22 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 6 24 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 11 8 23 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Bandini Petroleum Co. v. Superior Court, 284 U.S. 8, 18–19 (1931)",
"text": "The state, in the exercise of its general power to prescribe rules of evidence, may provide that proof of a particular fact, or of several facts taken collectively, shall be prima facie evidence of another fact when there is some rational connection between the fact proved and the ultimate fact presumed. The legislative presumption is invalid when it is entirely arbitrary, or creates an invidious discrimination, or operates to deprive a party of a reasonable opportunity to present the pertinent facts in his defense."
}
],
"glosses": [
"An inference that a trier of fact is either permitted or required to draw under certain factual circumstances (as prescribed by statute or case law) unless the party against whom the inference is drawn is able to rebut it with admissible, competent evidence."
],
"id": "en-presumption-en-noun-35HJmfK6",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"statute",
"statute"
],
[
"case law",
"case law"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) An inference that a trier of fact is either permitted or required to draw under certain factual circumstances (as prescribed by statute or case law) unless the party against whom the inference is drawn is able to rebut it with admissible, competent evidence."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"law"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 23 5 17 51",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "legal inference based on a rule or policy of law regardless of the facts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vermoeden"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 23 5 17 51",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "legal inference based on a rule or policy of law regardless of the facts",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "présomption"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 23 5 17 51",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "legal inference based on a rule or policy of law regardless of the facts",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vermutung"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 23 5 17 51",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "legal inference based on a rule or policy of law regardless of the facts",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "presunzione"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 23 5 17 51",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "anyq-qanyğyna jetu",
"sense": "legal inference based on a rule or policy of law regardless of the facts",
"word": "анық-қанығына жету"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 23 5 17 51",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "legal inference based on a rule or policy of law regardless of the facts",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rhagdybiaeth"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɹɪˈzʌmp.ʃən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-presumption.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-presumption.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-presumption.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-presumption.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-presumption.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Ajshul-presumption.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Ajshul-presumption.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Ajshul-presumption.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Ajshul-presumption.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Ajshul-presumption.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌmpʃən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "overhope"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"presumption"
],
"word": "presumption"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "présomption"
},
"expansion": "French: présomption",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: présomption"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "presumptions",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"10": "{{{f}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{f}}}s",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "presumptions",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{pl2}}}",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "presumption f (plural presumptions)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "presumption f (plural presumptions)",
"name": "frm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"assumption"
],
"id": "en-presumption-frm-noun-wIHdN2up",
"links": [
[
"assumption",
"assumption"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "presumption"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "presumption",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: presumption",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: presumption"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "présomption"
},
"expansion": "French: présomption",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: présomption"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "praesumptiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin praesumptiō",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First known attestation circa 1180 in Anglo-Norman as presumpsion. Borrowed from Latin praesumptiō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "presumption oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "presumptions",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "presumption",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "presumptions",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "presumption oblique singular, f (oblique plural presumptions, nominative singular presumption, nominative plural presumptions)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fro",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "fro:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"presumption (something which is presumed)"
],
"id": "en-presumption-fro-noun-oOPRv6XQ",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"presumption",
"presumption#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(often law) presumption (something which is presumed)"
],
"tags": [
"often"
],
"topics": [
"law"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch"
]
}
],
"word": "presumption"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Irish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʌmpʃən",
"Rhymes:English/ʌmpʃən/3 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "conclusive presumption"
},
{
"word": "presumption of innocence"
},
{
"word": "violent presumption"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "presumption"
},
"expansion": "Middle French presumption",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "presumption"
},
"expansion": "Old French presumption",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "praesumptiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin praesumptiō",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle French presumption, from Old French presumption, from Latin praesumptiō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "presumptions",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "presumption (countable and uncountable, plural presumptions)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "presumptive"
},
{
"word": "presumptuous"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1832, Thomas De Quincey, “James's History of Charlemagne”, in Blackwood's Magazine:",
"text": "Yet, in contradiction to all these very plausible presumptions, even this remote period teems with its own peculiar and separate instruction.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of presuming, or something presumed."
],
"links": [
[
"presuming",
"presuming"
],
[
"presumed",
"presumed"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The presumption is that an event has taken place.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1711 December 8 (Gregorian calendar), [Jonathan Swift], The Conduct of the Allies, and of the Late Ministry, in Beginning and Carrying on the Present War, 4th edition, London: […] John Morphew […], published 1711, →OCLC, page 33:",
"text": "I have here imputed the Continuance of the War to the mutual Indulgence between our General and Allies, wherein they both so well found their Accounts; to the Fears of the Mony-changers, left their Tables should be overthrown; to the Designs of the Whigs, who apprehended the Loss of their Credit and Employments in a Peace; and to those at home, who held their immoderate Engrossments of Power and Favour, by no other Tenure than their own Presumption upon the Necessity of Affairs.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true."
],
"links": [
[
"belief",
"belief"
],
[
"reasonable",
"reasonable"
],
[
"evidence",
"evidence"
],
[
"true",
"true"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The condition upon which something is presumed."
],
"links": [
[
"condition",
"condition"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act III, scene iii:",
"text": "Note the preſumption of this Scythian ſlaue:\nI tel thee villaine, thoſe that lead my horſe\nHaue to their names tytles of dignitie,\nAnd dar’ſt thou bluntly cal me Baiazeth?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene vi]:",
"text": "Thy son I killed for his presumption.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1693, John Dryden, “[The Dedication]”, in The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis. Translated into English Verse. […] Together with the Satires of Aulus Persius Flaccus. […], London: Printed for Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC, page ii:",
"text": "[…]yet even then, I had the preſumption to Dedicate to your Lordſhip: A very unfiniſh'd Piece […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], chapter XIV, in Pride and Prejudice: […], volume III, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 246:",
"text": "“Let me be rightly understood. This match, to which you have the presumption to aspire, can never take place. No, never. Mr. Darcy is engaged to my daughter. Now what have you to say?”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], chapter 16, in Emma: […], volume I, London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, →OCLC:",
"text": "“If I had not persuaded Harriet into liking the man, I could have borne any thing. He might have doubled his presumption to me—but poor Harriet!”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Arrogant behaviour; the act of venturing beyond due bounds of reverence or respect."
],
"links": [
[
"Arrogant",
"arrogant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) Arrogant behaviour; the act of venturing beyond due bounds of reverence or respect."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"dated",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Law"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Bandini Petroleum Co. v. Superior Court, 284 U.S. 8, 18–19 (1931)",
"text": "The state, in the exercise of its general power to prescribe rules of evidence, may provide that proof of a particular fact, or of several facts taken collectively, shall be prima facie evidence of another fact when there is some rational connection between the fact proved and the ultimate fact presumed. The legislative presumption is invalid when it is entirely arbitrary, or creates an invidious discrimination, or operates to deprive a party of a reasonable opportunity to present the pertinent facts in his defense."
}
],
"glosses": [
"An inference that a trier of fact is either permitted or required to draw under certain factual circumstances (as prescribed by statute or case law) unless the party against whom the inference is drawn is able to rebut it with admissible, competent evidence."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"statute",
"statute"
],
[
"case law",
"case law"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) An inference that a trier of fact is either permitted or required to draw under certain factual circumstances (as prescribed by statute or case law) unless the party against whom the inference is drawn is able to rebut it with admissible, competent evidence."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɹɪˈzʌmp.ʃən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-presumption.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-presumption.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-presumption.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-presumption.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-presumption.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Ajshul-presumption.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Ajshul-presumption.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Ajshul-presumption.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Ajshul-presumption.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Ajshul-presumption.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌmpʃən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "overhope"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predpoloženie",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предположение"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aanname"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"word": "otaksuma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"word": "otaksuminen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Annahme"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vermutung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mutmaßung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Annehmen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Vermuten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Mutmaßen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"word": "vélelmezés"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"word": "feltételezés"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "anyq-qanyğyna jetu",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"word": "анық-қанығына жету"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nōþ"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "suposição"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "presupunere"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prezumție"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predpoložénije",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предположе́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dopuščénije",
"sense": "the act of presuming, or something presumed",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "допуще́ние"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dopuskane",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "допускане"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"word": "otaksuma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"word": "oletus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"word": "olettamus"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Annahme"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vermutung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mutmaßung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Präsumtion"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Präsumption"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"word": "vélelem"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"word": "feltevés"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prezumție"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prezúmpcija",
"sense": "the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "презу́мпция"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predpoloženie",
"sense": "the condition upon which something is presumed",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предположение"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the condition upon which something is presumed",
"word": "otaksuma"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the condition upon which something is presumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Annahme"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the condition upon which something is presumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Wahrscheinlichkeit"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predpoložénije",
"sense": "the condition upon which something is presumed",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предположе́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dopuščénije",
"sense": "the condition upon which something is presumed",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "допуще́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "likelihood",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "verojátnostʹ",
"sense": "the condition upon which something is presumed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вероя́тность"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "samonadejanost",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "самонадеяност"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aanmatiging"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Überheblichkeit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Einbildung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vermessenheit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Dreistigkeit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Dreistheit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Unverschämtheit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Dünkel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Übermut"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Anmaßung"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"word": "tiszteletlenség"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"word": "fölényesség"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"word": "kivagyiság"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"word": "pökhendiség"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"word": "whakaī"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"word": "ī"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"word": "tīkai"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "presunção"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prezumție"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "samonadéjannostʹ",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "самонаде́янность"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vysokomérije",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "высокоме́рие"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nadménnostʹ",
"sense": "arrogant behaviour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "надме́нность"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "legal inference based on a rule or policy of law regardless of the facts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vermoeden"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "legal inference based on a rule or policy of law regardless of the facts",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "présomption"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "legal inference based on a rule or policy of law regardless of the facts",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vermutung"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "legal inference based on a rule or policy of law regardless of the facts",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "presunzione"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "anyq-qanyğyna jetu",
"sense": "legal inference based on a rule or policy of law regardless of the facts",
"word": "анық-қанығына жету"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "legal inference based on a rule or policy of law regardless of the facts",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rhagdybiaeth"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"presumption"
],
"word": "presumption"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "présomption"
},
"expansion": "French: présomption",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: présomption"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "presumptions",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"10": "{{{f}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{f}}}s",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "presumptions",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{pl2}}}",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "presumption f (plural presumptions)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "presumption f (plural presumptions)",
"name": "frm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle French countable nouns",
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French feminine nouns",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"assumption"
],
"links": [
[
"assumption",
"assumption"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "presumption"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "presumption",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: presumption",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: presumption"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "présomption"
},
"expansion": "French: présomption",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: présomption"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "praesumptiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin praesumptiō",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First known attestation circa 1180 in Anglo-Norman as presumpsion. Borrowed from Latin praesumptiō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "presumption oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "presumptions",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "presumption",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "presumptions",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "presumption oblique singular, f (oblique plural presumptions, nominative singular presumption, nominative plural presumptions)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms borrowed from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"fro:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"presumption (something which is presumed)"
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"presumption",
"presumption#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(often law) presumption (something which is presumed)"
],
"tags": [
"often"
],
"topics": [
"law"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch"
]
}
],
"word": "presumption"
}
Download raw JSONL data for presumption meaning in All languages combined (20.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'presumption oblique singular or', originally 'presumption oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"presumption"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "presumption",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'presumption oblique singular or', originally 'presumption oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"presumption"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "presumption",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['feminine', 'canonical']: 'presumption oblique singular or' in 'presumption oblique singular, f (oblique plural presumptions, nominative singular presumption, nominative plural presumptions)'",
"path": [
"presumption"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "presumption",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.