See preman on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "id",
"3": "preman"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian preman",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "vrijman",
"t": "freeman"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vrijman (“freeman”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "freeman"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of freeman",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Indonesian preman, from Dutch vrijman (“freeman”). Doublet of freeman.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "premans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "premen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "premen"
},
"expansion": "preman (plural premans or premen)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "52 37 5 1 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 50 4 1 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A member of an organized criminal gang in Indonesia."
],
"id": "en-preman-en-noun-0zPfb6oi",
"links": [
[
"member",
"member"
],
[
"criminal",
"criminal"
],
[
"gang",
"gang"
],
[
"Indonesia",
"Indonesia"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"Preman (Indonesian gangster)"
]
}
],
"word": "preman"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "preman",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 50 4 1 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "premer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of premer:",
"third-person plural present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-preman-gl-verb-MWUSeLea",
"links": [
[
"premer",
"premer#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "premer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of premer:",
"third-person plural imperative"
],
"id": "en-preman-gl-verb-m-rLSt02",
"links": [
[
"premer",
"premer#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "preman"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "preman",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: preman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: preman"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "vrijman",
"t": "freeman"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vrijman (“freeman”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch vrijman (“freeman”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prèman",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "preman-preman",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "prèman"
},
"expansion": "prèman (plural preman-preman)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"prè‧man"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 26 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"freeman,",
"not part of government"
],
"id": "en-preman-id-noun-QKyY2r-s",
"links": [
[
"freeman",
"freeman"
],
[
"government",
"government"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "partikelir"
},
{
"word": "swasta"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 26 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"freeman,",
"not part of military"
],
"id": "en-preman-id-noun-PxO93noL",
"links": [
[
"freeman",
"freeman"
],
[
"military",
"military"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "partikelir"
},
{
"word": "sipil"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 26 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"property of a freeman"
],
"id": "en-preman-id-noun-Ed-~38YV",
"links": [
[
"property",
"property"
],
[
"freeman",
"freeman"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"criminal"
],
"id": "en-preman-id-noun--rhi~Jfb",
"links": [
[
"criminal",
"criminal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) criminal"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "penjahat"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈprɛ.man]"
}
],
"word": "preman"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "id",
"3": "preman"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian preman",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "vrijman",
"t": "freeman"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vrijman (“freeman”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "freeman"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of freeman",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Indonesian preman, from Dutch vrijman (“freeman”). Doublet of freeman.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "premans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "premen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "premen"
},
"expansion": "preman (plural premans or premen)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Indonesian",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Indonesian",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"A member of an organized criminal gang in Indonesia."
],
"links": [
[
"member",
"member"
],
[
"criminal",
"criminal"
],
[
"gang",
"gang"
],
[
"Indonesia",
"Indonesia"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"Preman (Indonesian gangster)"
]
}
],
"word": "preman"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician non-lemma forms",
"Galician verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "preman",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "premer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of premer:",
"third-person plural present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"premer",
"premer#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "premer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of premer:",
"third-person plural imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"premer",
"premer#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "preman"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms derived from Dutch",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "preman",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: preman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: preman"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "vrijman",
"t": "freeman"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vrijman (“freeman”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch vrijman (“freeman”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prèman",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "preman-preman",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "prèman"
},
"expansion": "prèman (plural preman-preman)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"prè‧man"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"freeman,",
"not part of government"
],
"links": [
[
"freeman",
"freeman"
],
[
"government",
"government"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "partikelir"
},
{
"word": "swasta"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"freeman,",
"not part of military"
],
"links": [
[
"freeman",
"freeman"
],
[
"military",
"military"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "partikelir"
},
{
"word": "sipil"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"property of a freeman"
],
"links": [
[
"property",
"property"
],
[
"freeman",
"freeman"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"criminal"
],
"links": [
[
"criminal",
"criminal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) criminal"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "penjahat"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈprɛ.man]"
}
],
"word": "preman"
}
Download raw JSONL data for preman meaning in All languages combined (3.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (c3cc510 and 1d3fdbf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.