See powodować on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "powód",
"3": "-ować"
},
"expansion": "powód + -ować",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1640"
},
"expansion": "1640",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1640"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1640",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">“POWODOWAĆ”, in <cite>Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku</cite> [<cite><span class=\"e-translation\">Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century</cite>], 24.04.2020</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From powód + -ować. First attested in 1640.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spowodować",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"pf": "spowodować"
},
"expansion": "powodować impf (perfective spowodować)",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"po‧wo‧do‧wać"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to cause (to set off an event or action)"
],
"id": "en-powodować-pl-verb-kykwYvYL",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to cause (to set off an event or action)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɔ.vɔˈdɔ.vat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɔ.vɔˈdɔ.vat͡ɕ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvat͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "powodować"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spowodować"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "powód",
"3": "-ować"
},
"expansion": "powód + -ować",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1640"
},
"expansion": "1640",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1640"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1640",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">“POWODOWAĆ”, in <cite>Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku</cite> [<cite><span class=\"e-translation\">Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century</cite>], 24.04.2020</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From powód + -ować. First attested in 1640.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-conj-ai-uję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "powoduję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodujemy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "powodujesz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodujecie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "powoduje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powodują",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powoduje się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m powodował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m powodowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m powodowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowaliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy powodowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy powodowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś powodował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś powodowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś powodowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowaliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście powodowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście powodowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "będę powodował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę powodowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę powodowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy powodowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy powodowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz powodował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz powodowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz powodowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie powodowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie powodowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powodował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powodowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powodowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą powodowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą powodowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powodować się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym powodował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym powodowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym powodowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowalibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy powodowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy powodowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś powodował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś powodowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś powodowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowalibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście powodowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście powodowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by powodował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by powodowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by powodowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowaliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by powodowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by powodowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowano by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech powoduję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodujmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powoduj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodujcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech powoduje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech powodują",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powodujący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodująca",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodujące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodujący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powodujące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowany",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowana",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowani",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodując",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"contemporary",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowanie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "powodować impf",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"po‧wo‧do‧wać"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "powod",
"2": "pp"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai-uję"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "powodować",
"2": "powoduję",
"3": "powoduje",
"4": "powodują",
"5": "powodowa",
"6": "powodowa",
"7": "powodowa",
"8": "powoduj",
"ip": "powodowano",
"pp": "powodowan",
"pp2": "powodowani",
"vn": "powodowanie"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "powód"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to make, to drive, to compel (to cause someone to do something)"
],
"id": "en-powodować-pl-verb-6wsroWVb",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins<whom>"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental ‘whom’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"instrumental",
"‘whom’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"compel",
"compel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, literary) to make, to drive, to compel (to cause someone to do something) [with instrumental ‘whom’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kierować"
},
{
"word": "wpływać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"literary",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to lead, to direct somewhere"
],
"id": "en-powodować-pl-verb-sKWgx2Qy",
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead"
],
[
"direct",
"direct"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) to lead, to direct somewhere"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kierować"
},
{
"word": "prowadzić"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 9 6 44 7 5 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 7 6 59 6 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 7 5 52 6 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 11 8 39 9 7 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ować",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to lead, to direct somewhere",
"to lead to floods"
],
"id": "en-powodować-pl-verb-pt0yhw9Q",
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead"
],
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"flood",
"flood"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) to lead, to direct somewhere",
"(transitive, Middle Polish, of a horse) to lead to floods"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a horse"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kierować"
},
{
"word": "prowadzić"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"imperfective",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to live by, to abide by (to be guided by something in one's behavior)"
],
"id": "en-powodować-pl-verb-mKqAt4A~",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"live",
"live"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"abide by",
"abide by"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się, literary) to live by, to abide by (to be guided by something in one's behavior) [with instrumental]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kierować się"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"literary",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to be subservient to"
],
"id": "en-powodować-pl-verb-kN8GnSAH",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"subservient",
"subservient"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się, obsolete) to be subservient to [with instrumental]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"obsolete",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to head (to go in a particular direction)"
],
"id": "en-powodować-pl-verb-K0oiV-Q8",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"head",
"head"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się, literary) to head (to go in a particular direction) [with instrumental]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kierować się"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"literary",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɔ.vɔˈdɔ.vat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɔ.vɔˈdɔ.vat͡ɕ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvat͡ɕ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "powodować"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 4-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish imperfective verbs",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ować",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish verbs",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvat͡ɕ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvat͡ɕ/4 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "powód",
"3": "-ować"
},
"expansion": "powód + -ować",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1640"
},
"expansion": "1640",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1640"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1640",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">“POWODOWAĆ”, in <cite>Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku</cite> [<cite><span class=\"e-translation\">Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century</cite>], 24.04.2020</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From powód + -ować. First attested in 1640.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spowodować",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"pf": "spowodować"
},
"expansion": "powodować impf (perfective spowodować)",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"po‧wo‧do‧wać"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to cause (to set off an event or action)"
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to cause (to set off an event or action)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɔ.vɔˈdɔ.vat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɔ.vɔˈdɔ.vat͡ɕ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvat͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "powodować"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 4-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish imperfective verbs",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ować",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish verbs",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvat͡ɕ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvat͡ɕ/4 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "spowodować"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "powód",
"3": "-ować"
},
"expansion": "powód + -ować",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1640"
},
"expansion": "1640",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1640"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1640",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">“POWODOWAĆ”, in <cite>Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku</cite> [<cite><span class=\"e-translation\">Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century</cite>], 24.04.2020</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From powód + -ować. First attested in 1640.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-conj-ai-uję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "powoduję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodujemy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "powodujesz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodujecie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "powoduje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powodują",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powoduje się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m powodował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m powodowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m powodowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowaliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy powodowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy powodowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś powodował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś powodowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś powodowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowaliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście powodowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście powodowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "będę powodował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę powodowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę powodowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy powodowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy powodowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz powodował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz powodowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz powodowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie powodowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie powodowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powodował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powodowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powodowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą powodowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą powodowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą powodować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powodować się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym powodował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym powodowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym powodowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowalibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy powodowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy powodowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś powodował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś powodowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś powodowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowalibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście powodowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście powodowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by powodował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by powodowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by powodowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowaliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by powodowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowałyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by powodowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowano by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech powoduję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodujmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powoduj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodujcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech powoduje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech powodują",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powodujący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodująca",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodujące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodujący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powodujące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowany",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowana",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowani",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powodując",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"contemporary",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "powodowanie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "powodować impf",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"po‧wo‧do‧wać"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "powod",
"2": "pp"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai-uję"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "powodować",
"2": "powoduję",
"3": "powoduje",
"4": "powodują",
"5": "powodowa",
"6": "powodowa",
"7": "powodowa",
"8": "powoduj",
"ip": "powodowano",
"pp": "powodowan",
"pp2": "powodowani",
"vn": "powodowanie"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "powód"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish literary terms",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to make, to drive, to compel (to cause someone to do something)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins<whom>"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental ‘whom’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"instrumental",
"‘whom’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"compel",
"compel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, literary) to make, to drive, to compel (to cause someone to do something) [with instrumental ‘whom’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kierować"
},
{
"word": "wpływać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"literary",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to lead, to direct somewhere"
],
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead"
],
[
"direct",
"direct"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) to lead, to direct somewhere"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kierować"
},
{
"word": "prowadzić"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to lead, to direct somewhere",
"to lead to floods"
],
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead"
],
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"flood",
"flood"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) to lead, to direct somewhere",
"(transitive, Middle Polish, of a horse) to lead to floods"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a horse"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kierować"
},
{
"word": "prowadzić"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"imperfective",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish literary terms",
"Polish reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to live by, to abide by (to be guided by something in one's behavior)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"live",
"live"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"abide by",
"abide by"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się, literary) to live by, to abide by (to be guided by something in one's behavior) [with instrumental]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kierować się"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"literary",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish reflexive verbs",
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"to be subservient to"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"subservient",
"subservient"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się, obsolete) to be subservient to [with instrumental]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"obsolete",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish literary terms",
"Polish reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to head (to go in a particular direction)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"head",
"head"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się, literary) to head (to go in a particular direction) [with instrumental]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kierować się"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"literary",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɔ.vɔˈdɔ.vat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɔ.vɔˈdɔ.vat͡ɕ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvat͡ɕ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "powodować"
}
Download raw JSONL data for powodować meaning in All languages combined (18.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.