See pestel on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pestle"
},
"expansion": "English: pestle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: pestle"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "pestel"
},
"expansion": "Old French pestel",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "pistillum"
},
"expansion": "Latin pistillum",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French pestel, from Latin pistillum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pestelles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "pestel",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pestelles"
},
"expansion": "pestel (plural pestelles)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "76 6 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "enm:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pestle (tool for crushing or pounding)"
],
"id": "en-pestel-enm-noun-vqwm69jd",
"links": [
[
"pestle",
"pestle"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The leg of an animal as a cut of meat."
],
"id": "en-pestel-enm-noun-MxYzS~No"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 2 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 3 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 32 59",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Cuts of meat",
"orig": "enm:Cuts of meat",
"parents": [
"Meats",
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A board for threshing upon."
],
"id": "en-pestel-enm-noun-pTnN6e87",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A board for threshing upon."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛstɛl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛstəl/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pestell"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pistel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pestelle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pestylle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pestill"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pestyl"
}
],
"word": "pestel"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pestel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: pestel, pestell, pistel, pestelle, pestylle, pestill, pestyl\nEnglish: pestle",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: pestel, pestell, pistel, pestelle, pestylle, pestill, pestyl\nEnglish: pestle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "pestel"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: pestel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: pestel"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "pestel oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "pesteaus",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pesteax",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pestiaus",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pestiax",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pestels",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pesteaus",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pesteax",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestiaus",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestiax",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestels",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestel",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "pestel oblique singular, m (oblique plural pesteaus or pesteax or pestiaus or pestiax or pestels, nominative singular pesteaus or pesteax or pestiaus or pestiax or pestels, nominative plural pestel)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pestle (tool used for crushing food)"
],
"id": "en-pestel-fro-noun-Q3xpKizb",
"links": [
[
"pestle",
"pestle"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pestel"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Cuts of meat",
"enm:Tools"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pestle"
},
"expansion": "English: pestle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: pestle"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "pestel"
},
"expansion": "Old French pestel",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "pistillum"
},
"expansion": "Latin pistillum",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French pestel, from Latin pistillum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pestelles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "pestel",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pestelles"
},
"expansion": "pestel (plural pestelles)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A pestle (tool for crushing or pounding)"
],
"links": [
[
"pestle",
"pestle"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The leg of an animal as a cut of meat."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A board for threshing upon."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A board for threshing upon."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛstɛl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛstəl/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pestell"
},
{
"word": "pistel"
},
{
"word": "pestelle"
},
{
"word": "pestylle"
},
{
"word": "pestill"
},
{
"word": "pestyl"
}
],
"word": "pestel"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pestel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: pestel, pestell, pistel, pestelle, pestylle, pestill, pestyl\nEnglish: pestle",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: pestel, pestell, pistel, pestelle, pestylle, pestill, pestyl\nEnglish: pestle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "pestel"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: pestel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: pestel"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "pestel oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "pesteaus",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pesteax",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pestiaus",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pestiax",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pestels",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pesteaus",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pesteax",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestiaus",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestiax",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestels",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestel",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "pestel oblique singular, m (oblique plural pesteaus or pesteax or pestiaus or pestiax or pestels, nominative singular pesteaus or pesteax or pestiaus or pestiax or pestels, nominative plural pestel)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"pestle (tool used for crushing food)"
],
"links": [
[
"pestle",
"pestle"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pestel"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pestel meaning in All languages combined (3.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'pestel oblique singular or', originally 'pestel oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"pestel"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pestel",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'pestel oblique singular or', originally 'pestel oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"pestel"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pestel",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'canonical']: 'pestel oblique singular or' in 'pestel oblique singular, m (oblique plural pesteaus or pesteax or pestiaus or pestiax or pestels, nominative singular pesteaus or pesteax or pestiaus or pestiax or pestels, nominative plural pestel)'",
"path": [
"pestel"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pestel",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.