See perforce on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for perforce meaning in All languages combined (6.7kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "par force",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English par force",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "par force",
"4": "",
"5": "by force"
},
"expansion": "Old French par force (“by force”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English par force, from Anglo-Norman, from Old French par force (“by force”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "perforce (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"By force."
],
"id": "en-perforce-en-adv-wuum6Ol9",
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) By force."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "by force",
"word": "forcément"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "by force",
"word": "forzatamente"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "by force",
"word": "siłą rzeczy"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "by force",
"word": "z konieczności"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nevólej",
"sense": "by force",
"word": "нево́лей"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "by force",
"word": "air èiginn"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "by force",
"word": "por fuerza"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "by force",
"word": "forzadamente"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "by force",
"word": "de juro"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1882, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Inferno, canto 34",
"text": "\"Keep fast thy hold, for by such stairs as these,\"\nThe Master said, panting as one fatigued,\n\"Must we perforce depart from so much evil.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1939 July, John D. Hewitt, “Some Notable British Main Lines: 1. Settle and Carlisle, L.M.S.R.”, in Railway Magazine, page 35",
"text": "Accordingly work perforce had to be begun. The first sod was cut at Anley, near Settle, in November, 1869, [...].",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Alejandro Portes, Rubén G. Rumbaut, Immigrant America: A Portrait, 3rd edition, page 239",
"text": "Adult immigrants must perforce learn some English, and their children are likely to become English monolinguals.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 August 1, European Court of Human Rights, A.K. and L. v. Croatia, number 37956/11, marginal 62–63",
"text": "The central issue in this case is whether the procedures followed respected the applicants’ family life or constituted an interference with the exercise of the right to respect for family life which could not be justified as necessary in a democratic society. […] It is true that Article 8 contains no explicit procedural requirements, but this is not conclusive of the matter. The relevant considerations to be weighed by a local authority in reaching decisions on children in its care must perforce include the views and interests of the natural parents.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"By constraint of circumstances; of necessity, inevitably, unavoidably; as a matter of course."
],
"id": "en-perforce-en-adv-D9DBa8Fr",
"links": [
[
"constraint",
"constraint"
],
[
"necessity",
"necessity"
],
[
"inevitably",
"inevitably"
],
[
"unavoidably",
"unavoidably"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "po neobhodimost",
"sense": "necessarily",
"word": "по необходимост"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "necessarily",
"word": "per força"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "necessarily",
"word": "forçosament"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "necessarily",
"word": "nécessairement"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "necessarily",
"word": "per forza"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "necessarily",
"word": "siłą rzeczy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vólej-nevólej",
"sense": "necessarily",
"word": "во́лей-нево́лей"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "necessarily",
"word": "por fuerza"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "necessarily",
"word": "forzosamente"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəˈfɔːs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɚˈfɔɹs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)s"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-perforce.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/En-us-perforce.ogg/En-us-perforce.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/En-us-perforce.ogg"
}
],
"word": "perforce"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "par force",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English par force",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
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"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "par force",
"4": "",
"5": "by force"
},
"expansion": "Old French par force (“by force”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English par force, from Anglo-Norman, from Old French par force (“by force”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perforces",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perforcing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "perforced",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "perforced",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "perforce (third-person singular simple present perforces, present participle perforcing, simple past and past participle perforced)",
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}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To force; to compel."
],
"id": "en-perforce-en-verb-PuaakxdS",
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"compel",
"compel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To force; to compel."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəˈfɔːs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɚˈfɔɹs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)s"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-perforce.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/En-us-perforce.ogg/En-us-perforce.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/En-us-perforce.ogg"
}
],
"word": "perforce"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Russian translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)s",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)s/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "par force",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English par force",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
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"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "par force",
"4": "",
"5": "by force"
},
"expansion": "Old French par force (“by force”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English par force, from Anglo-Norman, from Old French par force (“by force”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "perforce (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"By force."
],
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) By force."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1882, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Inferno, canto 34",
"text": "\"Keep fast thy hold, for by such stairs as these,\"\nThe Master said, panting as one fatigued,\n\"Must we perforce depart from so much evil.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1939 July, John D. Hewitt, “Some Notable British Main Lines: 1. Settle and Carlisle, L.M.S.R.”, in Railway Magazine, page 35",
"text": "Accordingly work perforce had to be begun. The first sod was cut at Anley, near Settle, in November, 1869, [...].",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Alejandro Portes, Rubén G. Rumbaut, Immigrant America: A Portrait, 3rd edition, page 239",
"text": "Adult immigrants must perforce learn some English, and their children are likely to become English monolinguals.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 August 1, European Court of Human Rights, A.K. and L. v. Croatia, number 37956/11, marginal 62–63",
"text": "The central issue in this case is whether the procedures followed respected the applicants’ family life or constituted an interference with the exercise of the right to respect for family life which could not be justified as necessary in a democratic society. […] It is true that Article 8 contains no explicit procedural requirements, but this is not conclusive of the matter. The relevant considerations to be weighed by a local authority in reaching decisions on children in its care must perforce include the views and interests of the natural parents.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"By constraint of circumstances; of necessity, inevitably, unavoidably; as a matter of course."
],
"links": [
[
"constraint",
"constraint"
],
[
"necessity",
"necessity"
],
[
"inevitably",
"inevitably"
],
[
"unavoidably",
"unavoidably"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəˈfɔːs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɚˈfɔɹs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)s"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-perforce.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/En-us-perforce.ogg/En-us-perforce.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/En-us-perforce.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "by force",
"word": "forcément"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "by force",
"word": "forzatamente"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "by force",
"word": "siłą rzeczy"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "by force",
"word": "z konieczności"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nevólej",
"sense": "by force",
"word": "нево́лей"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "by force",
"word": "air èiginn"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "by force",
"word": "por fuerza"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "by force",
"word": "forzadamente"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "by force",
"word": "de juro"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "po neobhodimost",
"sense": "necessarily",
"word": "по необходимост"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "necessarily",
"word": "per força"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "necessarily",
"word": "forçosament"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "necessarily",
"word": "nécessairement"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "necessarily",
"word": "per forza"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "necessarily",
"word": "siłą rzeczy"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vólej-nevólej",
"sense": "necessarily",
"word": "во́лей-нево́лей"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "necessarily",
"word": "por fuerza"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "necessarily",
"word": "forzosamente"
}
],
"word": "perforce"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Russian translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)s",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)s/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"3": "par force",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English par force",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
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"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "par force",
"4": "",
"5": "by force"
},
"expansion": "Old French par force (“by force”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English par force, from Anglo-Norman, from Old French par force (“by force”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perforces",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perforcing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "perforced",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "perforced",
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"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {},
"expansion": "perforce (third-person singular simple present perforces, present participle perforcing, simple past and past participle perforced)",
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To force; to compel."
],
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To force; to compel."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəˈfɔːs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɚˈfɔɹs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)s"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-perforce.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/En-us-perforce.ogg/En-us-perforce.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/En-us-perforce.ogg"
}
],
"word": "perforce"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (46b31b8 and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.