See penury on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penurious"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pēnūria",
"4": "",
"5": "want"
},
"expansion": "Latin pēnūria (“want”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pénurie"
},
"expansion": "French pénurie",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pēnūria (“want”), related to paene (“scarcely”, adverb), c. 1400. Compare French pénurie.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penuries",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "penury (usually uncountable, plural penuries)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 14:23:",
"text": "In all labour there is profit: but the talk of the lips tendeth only to penury.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009 April 18, Oliver Kamm, “The recession explained”, in The Times Online:",
"text": "The hardship, penury and hunger of the early 1930s is etched in the collective memory of older Americans.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2021 December 29, Howard Johnston, “Regional News: Eastern”, in RAIL, number 947, page 20:",
"text": "Scrayingham: The churchyard nine miles north-east of York is the last resting place of 'Railway King' George Hudson, who died 150 years ago on December 14. He was responsible for the development of much of the UK's railway network but became financially overstretched. He was found guilty of fraud, was imprisoned, and spent his final years in penury.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Extreme want; poverty; destitution."
],
"id": "en-penury-en-noun-ZoNAWVhe",
"links": [
[
"want",
"want"
],
[
"poverty",
"poverty"
],
[
"destitution",
"destitution"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "siromašija",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сиромашия"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bída"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chudoba"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nouze"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"word": "malriĉeco"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"word": "senhaveco"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"word": "köyhyys"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "éndeia",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ένδεια"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "penía",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πενία"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anécheia",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ανέχεια"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "niščetá",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"word": "нищета́"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nuždá",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"word": "нужда́"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "neimaština"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pauperismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pobrisimo"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pobreza"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"word": "yoksulluk"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bidnotá",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "біднота́"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1855, Robert Browning, Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came, section XI:",
"text": "No! penury, inertness and grimace, / In some strange sort, were the land's portion. […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A lack of something; a dearth."
],
"id": "en-penury-en-noun-vhhKqxE6",
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"dearth",
"dearth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now chiefly poetic) A lack of something; a dearth."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "barrenness"
},
{
"word": "insufficiency"
}
],
"tags": [
"poetic",
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "14 86",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lipsa",
"sense": "lack of something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "липса"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 86",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nedostig",
"sense": "lack of something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "недостиг"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 86",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "lack of something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nouze"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 86",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "lack of something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nedostatek"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 86",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lack of something",
"word": "puute"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 86",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "lack of something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pénurie"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 86",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anécheia",
"sense": "lack of something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ανέχεια"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 86",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anepárkeia",
"sense": "lack of something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ανεπάρκεια"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 86",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nedostátok",
"sense": "lack of something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "недоста́ток"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 86",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "lack of something",
"word": "yokluk; yoksunluk"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛnjʊɹi/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛnjəɹi/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-penury.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-penury.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-penury.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "penury"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "penurious"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pēnūria",
"4": "",
"5": "want"
},
"expansion": "Latin pēnūria (“want”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pénurie"
},
"expansion": "French pénurie",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pēnūria (“want”), related to paene (“scarcely”, adverb), c. 1400. Compare French pénurie.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penuries",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "penury (usually uncountable, plural penuries)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 14:23:",
"text": "In all labour there is profit: but the talk of the lips tendeth only to penury.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009 April 18, Oliver Kamm, “The recession explained”, in The Times Online:",
"text": "The hardship, penury and hunger of the early 1930s is etched in the collective memory of older Americans.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2021 December 29, Howard Johnston, “Regional News: Eastern”, in RAIL, number 947, page 20:",
"text": "Scrayingham: The churchyard nine miles north-east of York is the last resting place of 'Railway King' George Hudson, who died 150 years ago on December 14. He was responsible for the development of much of the UK's railway network but became financially overstretched. He was found guilty of fraud, was imprisoned, and spent his final years in penury.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Extreme want; poverty; destitution."
],
"links": [
[
"want",
"want"
],
[
"poverty",
"poverty"
],
[
"destitution",
"destitution"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English poetic terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1855, Robert Browning, Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came, section XI:",
"text": "No! penury, inertness and grimace, / In some strange sort, were the land's portion. […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A lack of something; a dearth."
],
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"dearth",
"dearth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now chiefly poetic) A lack of something; a dearth."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "barrenness"
},
{
"word": "insufficiency"
}
],
"tags": [
"poetic",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛnjʊɹi/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛnjəɹi/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-penury.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-penury.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-penury.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-penury.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-penury.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "siromašija",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сиромашия"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bída"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chudoba"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nouze"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"word": "malriĉeco"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"word": "senhaveco"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"word": "köyhyys"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "éndeia",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ένδεια"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "penía",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πενία"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anécheia",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ανέχεια"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "niščetá",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"word": "нищета́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nuždá",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"word": "нужда́"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "neimaština"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pauperismo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pobrisimo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pobreza"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"word": "yoksulluk"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bidnotá",
"sense": "poverty, destitution",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "біднота́"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lipsa",
"sense": "lack of something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "липса"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nedostig",
"sense": "lack of something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "недостиг"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "lack of something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nouze"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "lack of something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nedostatek"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lack of something",
"word": "puute"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "lack of something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pénurie"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anécheia",
"sense": "lack of something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ανέχεια"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anepárkeia",
"sense": "lack of something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ανεπάρκεια"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nedostátok",
"sense": "lack of something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "недоста́ток"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "lack of something",
"word": "yokluk; yoksunluk"
}
],
"word": "penury"
}
Download raw JSONL data for penury meaning in All languages combined (6.7kB)
{
"called_from": "translations/611",
"msg": "suspicious translation with '; ': {'lang': 'Turkish', 'code': 'tr', 'sense': 'lack of something', 'word': 'yokluk; yoksunluk'}",
"path": [
"penury"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "penury",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.