See pengaled on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "pen",
"3": "caled",
"t1": "head",
"t2": "hard"
},
"expansion": "pen (“head”) + caled (“hard”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pen (“head”) + caled (“hard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pengaled",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pengaled",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mor bengaled",
"tags": [
"equative"
]
},
{
"form": "mwy pengaled",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "mwyaf pengaled",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mwy"
},
"expansion": "pengaled (feminine singular pengaled, plural pengaled, equative mor bengaled, comparative mwy pengaled, superlative mwyaf pengaled)",
"name": "cy-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 27 28 24",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"_dis": "21 27 28 24",
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"_dis": "22 27 28 24",
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"_dis": "21 27 28 23",
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{
"_dis": "20 27 28 24",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Honeysuckle family plants",
"orig": "cy:Honeysuckle family plants",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Shrubs",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 28 29 23",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Thistles",
"orig": "cy:Thistles",
"parents": [
"Composites",
"Asterales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "stubbornness",
"word": "pengaledwch"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard-headed, stubborn, obstinate, headstrong"
],
"id": "en-pengaled-cy-adj-lxTDVJNw",
"links": [
[
"hard-headed",
"hard-headed"
],
[
"stubborn",
"stubborn"
],
[
"obstinate",
"obstinate"
],
[
"headstrong",
"headstrong"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cyndyn"
},
{
"word": "styfnig"
},
{
"word": "penstiff"
},
{
"word": "gwargaled"
}
]
}
],
"word": "pengaled"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
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"3": "caled",
"t1": "head",
"t2": "hard"
},
"expansion": "pen (“head”) + caled (“hard”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pen (“head”) + caled (“hard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "y bengaled",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pengaled",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "bengaled",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "mhengaled",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "phengaled",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-",
"head": "y bengaled"
},
"expansion": "y bengaled f (uncountable)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "Maltese star-thistle",
"word": "pengaled seraidd Malta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "rough star-thistle",
"word": "y bengaled arw"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "giant knapweed",
"word": "y bengaled benfawr"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "y bengaled fawr"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "y bengaled fwyaf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "greater knapweed",
"word": "y bengaled goch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "yellow starthistle",
"word": "y bengaled felen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "hybrid knapweed",
"word": "y bengaled groesryw"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "cornflower",
"roman": "las",
"word": "y bengaled yr ŷd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"alt": "leiaf",
"word": "y bengaled benddu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "y bengaled ddu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "common knapweed",
"word": "y bengaled goch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "brown knapweed",
"word": "y bengaled lwytgoch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "red starthistle",
"word": "y bengaled seraidd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "lesser starthistle",
"word": "y bengaled seraidd fach"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 27 28 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 27 28 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 27 28 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 27 28 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 27 28 24",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Honeysuckle family plants",
"orig": "cy:Honeysuckle family plants",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Shrubs",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 28 29 23",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Thistles",
"orig": "cy:Thistles",
"parents": [
"Composites",
"Asterales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"knapweed (Centaurea spp.)",
"common knapweed (Centaurea nigra)"
],
"id": "en-pengaled-cy-noun-m2AU4NPV",
"links": [
[
"knapweed",
"knapweed"
],
[
"Centaurea",
"Centaurea#Translingual"
],
[
"Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd",
"w:Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd"
],
[
"Gwasg Carreg Gwalch",
"w:Gwasg Carreg Gwalch"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cramennog"
},
{
"word": "madfelen"
},
{
"word": "dauwynebog"
},
{
"word": "y bengaled (leiaf) benddu"
},
{
"word": "y bengaled ddu"
},
{
"word": "y bengaled goch"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 27 28 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 27 28 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 27 28 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 27 28 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 27 28 24",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Honeysuckle family plants",
"orig": "cy:Honeysuckle family plants",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Shrubs",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 28 29 23",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Thistles",
"orig": "cy:Thistles",
"parents": [
"Composites",
"Asterales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"knapweed (Centaurea spp.)",
"cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)"
],
"id": "en-pengaled-cy-noun-L2LivM9y",
"links": [
[
"knapweed",
"knapweed"
],
[
"Centaurea",
"Centaurea#Translingual"
],
[
"cornflower",
"cornflower"
],
[
"Centaurea cyanus",
"Centaurea cyanus#Translingual"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "glas yr ŷd"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 27 28 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 27 28 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 27 28 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 27 28 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 27 28 24",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Honeysuckle family plants",
"orig": "cy:Honeysuckle family plants",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Shrubs",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 28 29 23",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Thistles",
"orig": "cy:Thistles",
"parents": [
"Composites",
"Asterales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"scabious (Scabiosa ssp.), especially field scabious (Knautia arvensis)"
],
"id": "en-pengaled-cy-noun-Mhm50Dyu",
"links": [
[
"scabious",
"scabious"
],
[
"Scabiosa",
"Scabiosa#Translingual"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "clafrllys"
},
{
"word": "clafrllys y maes"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "pengaled"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh adjectives",
"Welsh compound terms",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh feminine nouns",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh links with redundant wikilinks",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh uncountable nouns",
"cy:Honeysuckle family plants",
"cy:Thistles"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "stubbornness",
"word": "pengaledwch"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "pen",
"3": "caled",
"t1": "head",
"t2": "hard"
},
"expansion": "pen (“head”) + caled (“hard”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pen (“head”) + caled (“hard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pengaled",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pengaled",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mor bengaled",
"tags": [
"equative"
]
},
{
"form": "mwy pengaled",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "mwyaf pengaled",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mwy"
},
"expansion": "pengaled (feminine singular pengaled, plural pengaled, equative mor bengaled, comparative mwy pengaled, superlative mwyaf pengaled)",
"name": "cy-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hard-headed, stubborn, obstinate, headstrong"
],
"links": [
[
"hard-headed",
"hard-headed"
],
[
"stubborn",
"stubborn"
],
[
"obstinate",
"obstinate"
],
[
"headstrong",
"headstrong"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cyndyn"
},
{
"word": "styfnig"
},
{
"word": "penstiff"
},
{
"word": "gwargaled"
}
]
}
],
"word": "pengaled"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
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"Welsh compound terms",
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"Welsh feminine nouns",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh links with redundant wikilinks",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh uncountable nouns",
"cy:Honeysuckle family plants",
"cy:Thistles"
],
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{
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"3": "caled",
"t1": "head",
"t2": "hard"
},
"expansion": "pen (“head”) + caled (“hard”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pen (“head”) + caled (“hard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "y bengaled",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pengaled",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "bengaled",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "mhengaled",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "phengaled",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-",
"head": "y bengaled"
},
"expansion": "y bengaled f (uncountable)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"english": "Maltese star-thistle",
"word": "pengaled seraidd Malta"
},
{
"english": "rough star-thistle",
"word": "y bengaled arw"
},
{
"english": "giant knapweed",
"word": "y bengaled benfawr"
},
{
"word": "y bengaled fawr"
},
{
"word": "y bengaled fwyaf"
},
{
"english": "greater knapweed",
"word": "y bengaled goch"
},
{
"english": "yellow starthistle",
"word": "y bengaled felen"
},
{
"english": "hybrid knapweed",
"word": "y bengaled groesryw"
},
{
"english": "cornflower",
"roman": "las",
"word": "y bengaled yr ŷd"
},
{
"alt": "leiaf",
"word": "y bengaled benddu"
},
{
"word": "y bengaled ddu"
},
{
"english": "common knapweed",
"word": "y bengaled goch"
},
{
"english": "brown knapweed",
"word": "y bengaled lwytgoch"
},
{
"english": "red starthistle",
"word": "y bengaled seraidd"
},
{
"english": "lesser starthistle",
"word": "y bengaled seraidd fach"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
],
"glosses": [
"knapweed (Centaurea spp.)",
"common knapweed (Centaurea nigra)"
],
"links": [
[
"knapweed",
"knapweed"
],
[
"Centaurea",
"Centaurea#Translingual"
],
[
"Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd",
"w:Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd"
],
[
"Gwasg Carreg Gwalch",
"w:Gwasg Carreg Gwalch"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cramennog"
},
{
"word": "madfelen"
},
{
"word": "dauwynebog"
},
{
"word": "y bengaled (leiaf) benddu"
},
{
"word": "y bengaled ddu"
},
{
"word": "y bengaled goch"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"knapweed (Centaurea spp.)",
"cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)"
],
"links": [
[
"knapweed",
"knapweed"
],
[
"Centaurea",
"Centaurea#Translingual"
],
[
"cornflower",
"cornflower"
],
[
"Centaurea cyanus",
"Centaurea cyanus#Translingual"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "glas yr ŷd"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
],
"glosses": [
"scabious (Scabiosa ssp.), especially field scabious (Knautia arvensis)"
],
"links": [
[
"scabious",
"scabious"
],
[
"Scabiosa",
"Scabiosa#Translingual"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "clafrllys"
},
{
"word": "clafrllys y maes"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "pengaled"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pengaled meaning in All languages combined (4.9kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: pengaled/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"pengaled"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pengaled",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: pengaled/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"pengaled"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pengaled",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: pengaled/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"pengaled"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pengaled",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (4eaa824 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.