See pēkšņs on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "*pēs-tyos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *pēs-tyos",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pēd-tyos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pēd-tyos",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pė́sčias",
"3": "",
"4": "going on foot"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pė́sčias (“going on foot”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "пѣшь",
"3": "",
"4": "on foot"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic пѣшь (pěšĭ, “on foot”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пе́ший",
"3": "",
"4": "pedestrian"
},
"expansion": "Russian пе́ший (péšij, “pedestrian”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the (historically older) adverbial form pēkšņi (“suddenly”), from an earlier variant *pēši (probably via *pēkši, *pēški), from an adjective *pēšs (“sudden”), from earlier *pēs-šas, from Proto-Baltic *pēs-tyos, from Proto-Indo-European *pēd-tyos, a form of *pēd-tis (“going on foot”), from the stem *pēd- (“foot”). The semantic evolution was: “(going) on foot” > “quickly, immediately” (by stressing the motion component) > “suddenly”. Cognates include Lithuanian pė́sčias (“going on foot”), Old Church Slavonic пѣшь (pěšĭ, “on foot”), Russian пе́ший (péšij, “pedestrian”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pēkšņais",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņāks",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "vispēkšņākais",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņi",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"10": "vispēkšņākais",
"11": "adverb",
"12": "pēkšņi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "definite",
"6": "pēkšņais",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "pēkšņāks",
"9": "superlative",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": ""
},
"expansion": "pēkšņs (definite pēkšņais, comparative pēkšņāks, superlative vispēkšņākais, adverb pēkšņi)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pēkšņ"
},
"expansion": "pēkšņs (definite pēkšņais, comparative pēkšņāks, superlative vispēkšņākais, adverb pēkšņi)",
"name": "lv-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēkšņ",
"extrawidth": "-100"
},
"name": "lv-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with falling intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pēkšņums"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "sudden attack",
"text": "pēkšņs uzbrukums",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "sudden death",
"text": "pēkšņa nāve",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "sudden anxiety",
"text": "pēkšņa trauksme",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "with a sudden noise, cracks appeared on the tree",
"text": "ar pēkšņu troksni kokā rodas plaisas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "she quickly pressed both palms to her chest, as do people in moments of sudden fright",
"text": "viņa strauji piespieda abas delnas pie krūtīm, kā dara cilvēki pēkšņa izbīļa mirkļos",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Liena, already singing the first verses, shed two so sudden, unexpected tears that she did not even manage to grab the corner of her apron",
"text": "Lienai, jau pirmo peršu dziedot, nobira divas tik pēkšņas asaras, ka viņa pat nepaguva paķert priekšauta stūri",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sudden, abrupt (that which arrives, happens unexpectedly, unforeseeably)"
],
"id": "en-pēkšņs-lv-adj-ZHF1-b9l",
"links": [
[
"sudden",
"sudden"
],
[
"abrupt",
"abrupt"
],
[
"arrive",
"arrive#English"
],
[
"happen",
"happen#English"
],
[
"unexpectedly",
"unexpectedly#English"
],
[
"unforeseeably",
"unforeseeably#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "negaidīts"
},
{
"word": "spējš"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pɛ̀ːkʃɲs]"
}
],
"word": "pēkšņs"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "pēkšņums"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "*pēs-tyos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *pēs-tyos",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pēd-tyos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pēd-tyos",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pė́sčias",
"3": "",
"4": "going on foot"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pė́sčias (“going on foot”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "пѣшь",
"3": "",
"4": "on foot"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic пѣшь (pěšĭ, “on foot”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пе́ший",
"3": "",
"4": "pedestrian"
},
"expansion": "Russian пе́ший (péšij, “pedestrian”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the (historically older) adverbial form pēkšņi (“suddenly”), from an earlier variant *pēši (probably via *pēkši, *pēški), from an adjective *pēšs (“sudden”), from earlier *pēs-šas, from Proto-Baltic *pēs-tyos, from Proto-Indo-European *pēd-tyos, a form of *pēd-tis (“going on foot”), from the stem *pēd- (“foot”). The semantic evolution was: “(going) on foot” > “quickly, immediately” (by stressing the motion component) > “suddenly”. Cognates include Lithuanian pė́sčias (“going on foot”), Old Church Slavonic пѣшь (pěšĭ, “on foot”), Russian пе́ший (péšij, “pedestrian”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pēkšņais",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņāks",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "vispēkšņākais",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņi",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēkšņās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"10": "vispēkšņākais",
"11": "adverb",
"12": "pēkšņi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "definite",
"6": "pēkšņais",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "pēkšņāks",
"9": "superlative",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": ""
},
"expansion": "pēkšņs (definite pēkšņais, comparative pēkšņāks, superlative vispēkšņākais, adverb pēkšņi)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pēkšņ"
},
"expansion": "pēkšņs (definite pēkšņais, comparative pēkšņāks, superlative vispēkšņākais, adverb pēkšņi)",
"name": "lv-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēkšņ",
"extrawidth": "-100"
},
"name": "lv-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian adjectives",
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian terms with usage examples",
"Latvian undefined derivations",
"Latvian words with falling intonation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "sudden attack",
"text": "pēkšņs uzbrukums",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "sudden death",
"text": "pēkšņa nāve",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "sudden anxiety",
"text": "pēkšņa trauksme",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "with a sudden noise, cracks appeared on the tree",
"text": "ar pēkšņu troksni kokā rodas plaisas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "she quickly pressed both palms to her chest, as do people in moments of sudden fright",
"text": "viņa strauji piespieda abas delnas pie krūtīm, kā dara cilvēki pēkšņa izbīļa mirkļos",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Liena, already singing the first verses, shed two so sudden, unexpected tears that she did not even manage to grab the corner of her apron",
"text": "Lienai, jau pirmo peršu dziedot, nobira divas tik pēkšņas asaras, ka viņa pat nepaguva paķert priekšauta stūri",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sudden, abrupt (that which arrives, happens unexpectedly, unforeseeably)"
],
"links": [
[
"sudden",
"sudden"
],
[
"abrupt",
"abrupt"
],
[
"arrive",
"arrive#English"
],
[
"happen",
"happen#English"
],
[
"unexpectedly",
"unexpectedly#English"
],
[
"unforeseeably",
"unforeseeably#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pɛ̀ːkʃɲs]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "negaidīts"
},
{
"word": "spējš"
}
],
"word": "pēkšņs"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pēkšņs meaning in All languages combined (7.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.