"pēkšņs" meaning in Latvian

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "pēkšņi",
        "3": "",
        "4": "suddenly"
      },
      "expansion": "pēkšņi (“suddenly”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*pēši"
      },
      "expansion": "*pēši",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*pēkši"
      },
      "expansion": "*pēkši",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*pēški"
      },
      "expansion": "*pēški",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*pēšs",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sudden"
      },
      "expansion": "*pēšs (“sudden”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*pēs-šas"
      },
      "expansion": "*pēs-šas",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "*pēs-tyos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic *pēs-tyos",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pēd-tyos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pēd-tyos",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*pēd-tis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "going on foot"
      },
      "expansion": "*pēd-tis (“going on foot”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*pēd-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "foot"
      },
      "expansion": "*pēd- (“foot”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "pė́sčias",
        "3": "",
        "4": "going on foot"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian pė́sčias (“going on foot”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "пѣшь",
        "3": "",
        "4": "on foot"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic пѣшь (pěšĭ, “on foot”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "пе́ший",
        "3": "",
        "4": "pedestrian"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian пе́ший (péšij, “pedestrian”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From the (historically older) adverbial form pēkšņi (“suddenly”), from an earlier variant *pēši (probably via *pēkši, *pēški), from an adjective *pēšs (“sudden”), from earlier *pēs-šas, from Proto-Baltic *pēs-tyos, from Proto-Indo-European *pēd-tyos, a form of *pēd-tis (“going on foot”), from the stem *pēd- (“foot”). The semantic evolution was: “(going) on foot” > “quickly, immediately” (by stressing the motion component) > “suddenly”. Cognates include Lithuanian pė́sčias (“going on foot”), Old Church Slavonic пѣшь (pěšĭ, “on foot”), Russian пе́ший (péšij, “pedestrian”)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "pēkšņais",
      "tags": [
        "definite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņāks",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vispēkšņākais",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņi",
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-adj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "10": "vispēkšņākais",
        "11": "adverb",
        "12": "pēkšņi",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "definite",
        "6": "pēkšņais",
        "7": "comparative",
        "8": "pēkšņāks",
        "9": "superlative",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "pēkšņs (definite pēkšņais, comparative pēkšņāks, superlative vispēkšņākais, adverb pēkšņi)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pēkšņ"
      },
      "expansion": "pēkšņs (definite pēkšņais, comparative pēkšņāks, superlative vispēkšņākais, adverb pēkšņi)",
      "name": "lv-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pēkšņ",
        "extrawidth": "-100"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian undefined derivations",
          "parents": [
            "Undefined derivations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian words with falling intonation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "pēkšņums"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "sudden attack",
          "text": "pēkšņs uzbrukums",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "sudden death",
          "text": "pēkšņa nāve",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "sudden anxiety",
          "text": "pēkšņa trauksme",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "with a sudden noise, cracks appeared on the tree",
          "text": "ar pēkšņu troksni kokā rodas plaisas",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "she quickly pressed both palms to her chest, as do people in moments of sudden fright",
          "text": "viņa strauji piespieda abas delnas pie krūtīm, kā dara cilvēki pēkšņa izbīļa mirkļos",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Liena, already singing the first verses, shed two so sudden, unexpected tears that she did not even manage to grab the corner of her apron",
          "text": "Lienai, jau pirmo peršu dziedot, nobira divas tik pēkšņas asaras, ka viņa pat nepaguva paķert priekšauta stūri",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sudden, abrupt (that which arrives, happens unexpectedly, unforeseeably)"
      ],
      "id": "en-pēkšņs-lv-adj-ZHF1-b9l",
      "links": [
        [
          "sudden",
          "sudden"
        ],
        [
          "abrupt",
          "abrupt"
        ],
        [
          "arrive",
          "arrive#English"
        ],
        [
          "happen",
          "happen#English"
        ],
        [
          "unexpectedly",
          "unexpectedly#English"
        ],
        [
          "unforeseeably",
          "unforeseeably#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "negaidīts"
        },
        {
          "word": "spējš"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[pɛ̀ːkʃɲs]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pēkšņs"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "pēkšņums"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "pēkšņi",
        "3": "",
        "4": "suddenly"
      },
      "expansion": "pēkšņi (“suddenly”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*pēši"
      },
      "expansion": "*pēši",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*pēkši"
      },
      "expansion": "*pēkši",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*pēški"
      },
      "expansion": "*pēški",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*pēšs",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sudden"
      },
      "expansion": "*pēšs (“sudden”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*pēs-šas"
      },
      "expansion": "*pēs-šas",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "*pēs-tyos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic *pēs-tyos",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pēd-tyos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pēd-tyos",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*pēd-tis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "going on foot"
      },
      "expansion": "*pēd-tis (“going on foot”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*pēd-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "foot"
      },
      "expansion": "*pēd- (“foot”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "pė́sčias",
        "3": "",
        "4": "going on foot"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian pė́sčias (“going on foot”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "пѣшь",
        "3": "",
        "4": "on foot"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic пѣшь (pěšĭ, “on foot”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "пе́ший",
        "3": "",
        "4": "pedestrian"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian пе́ший (péšij, “pedestrian”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From the (historically older) adverbial form pēkšņi (“suddenly”), from an earlier variant *pēši (probably via *pēkši, *pēški), from an adjective *pēšs (“sudden”), from earlier *pēs-šas, from Proto-Baltic *pēs-tyos, from Proto-Indo-European *pēd-tyos, a form of *pēd-tis (“going on foot”), from the stem *pēd- (“foot”). The semantic evolution was: “(going) on foot” > “quickly, immediately” (by stressing the motion component) > “suddenly”. Cognates include Lithuanian pė́sčias (“going on foot”), Old Church Slavonic пѣшь (pěšĭ, “on foot”), Russian пе́ший (péšij, “pedestrian”)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "pēkšņais",
      "tags": [
        "definite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņāks",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vispēkšņākais",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņi",
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-adj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pēkšņās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "10": "vispēkšņākais",
        "11": "adverb",
        "12": "pēkšņi",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "definite",
        "6": "pēkšņais",
        "7": "comparative",
        "8": "pēkšņāks",
        "9": "superlative",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "pēkšņs (definite pēkšņais, comparative pēkšņāks, superlative vispēkšņākais, adverb pēkšņi)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pēkšņ"
      },
      "expansion": "pēkšņs (definite pēkšņais, comparative pēkšņāks, superlative vispēkšņākais, adverb pēkšņi)",
      "name": "lv-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pēkšņ",
        "extrawidth": "-100"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian adjectives",
        "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
        "Latvian lemmas",
        "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
        "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Latvian terms with usage examples",
        "Latvian undefined derivations",
        "Latvian words with falling intonation"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "sudden attack",
          "text": "pēkšņs uzbrukums",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "sudden death",
          "text": "pēkšņa nāve",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "sudden anxiety",
          "text": "pēkšņa trauksme",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "with a sudden noise, cracks appeared on the tree",
          "text": "ar pēkšņu troksni kokā rodas plaisas",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "she quickly pressed both palms to her chest, as do people in moments of sudden fright",
          "text": "viņa strauji piespieda abas delnas pie krūtīm, kā dara cilvēki pēkšņa izbīļa mirkļos",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Liena, already singing the first verses, shed two so sudden, unexpected tears that she did not even manage to grab the corner of her apron",
          "text": "Lienai, jau pirmo peršu dziedot, nobira divas tik pēkšņas asaras, ka viņa pat nepaguva paķert priekšauta stūri",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sudden, abrupt (that which arrives, happens unexpectedly, unforeseeably)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sudden",
          "sudden"
        ],
        [
          "abrupt",
          "abrupt"
        ],
        [
          "arrive",
          "arrive#English"
        ],
        [
          "happen",
          "happen#English"
        ],
        [
          "unexpectedly",
          "unexpectedly#English"
        ],
        [
          "unforeseeably",
          "unforeseeably#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[pɛ̀ːkʃɲs]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "negaidīts"
    },
    {
      "word": "spējš"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pēkšņs"
}