See outgroup on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “systematics”",
"word": "ingroup"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “sociology”",
"word": "ingroup"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "out-",
"3": "group"
},
"expansion": "out- + group",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From out- + group.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "outgroups",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"args": {},
"expansion": "outgroup (plural outgroups)",
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
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{
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"name": "Sociology",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "59 37 4",
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"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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},
{
"_dis": "35 41 24",
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},
{
"_dis": "58 37 4",
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},
{
"_dis": "62 34 4",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 24 0",
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"name": "Collectives",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
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238,
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247
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658,
666
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],
"ref": "2022 May 2, Zachary Goldberg, “Explaining Shifts in White Racial Liberalism: The Role of Collective Moral Emotions and Media Effects”, in Georgia State University, archived from the original on 2025-01-25, pages 9, 13:",
"text": "This dissertation promises to correct for this theoretical deficit by formulating, elaborating, and ultimately testing a group-based moral emotions account in which white Americans’ moral appraisals of and attitudes towards racial/ethnic outgroups are considerably influenced by those of and towards fellow whites. […] On the basis of the insights from intergroup emotions theory, Chapter 3 derives and presents a series of preliminary hypotheses that are designed to test the relative importance of white shame and guilt for white Americans’ support for equity-oriented pro-black policies (e.g. affirmative action, financial reparations) and expressions of outgroup favoritism.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The group of people who do not belong to one's own social group."
],
"id": "en-outgroup-en-noun-dZi3KMdl",
"links": [
[
"sociology",
"sociology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sociology) The group of people who do not belong to one's own social group."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"sciences",
"social-science",
"sociology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Taxonomy",
"orig": "en:Taxonomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "35 41 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with out-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009 January 15, Martin D. Brazeau, “The braincase and jaws of a Devonian 'acanthodian' and modern gnathostome origins”, Nature Volume 457 No. 7227, doi:10.1038/nature07436",
"text": "A cladistic analysis of 45 ingroup and two outgroup taxa was performed on the basis of 134 characters."
},
{
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147,
155
]
],
"ref": "2012, Dongyou Liu, Molecular Detection of Human Parasitic Pathogens, page 293:",
"text": "To study the genetic relationships among diphyllobothroid tapeworms, other members of the Diphyllobothriidae are considered, with T. solium as the outgroup.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In cladistics, all the taxa included in a study that do not belong to the ingroup that is of immediate interest."
],
"id": "en-outgroup-en-noun-B15KIbFs",
"links": [
[
"systematics",
"systematics"
],
[
"cladistic",
"cladistic"
],
[
"taxa",
"taxa"
],
[
"study",
"study"
],
[
"ingroup",
"ingroup"
]
],
"qualifier": "systematics",
"raw_glosses": [
"(systematics) In cladistics, all the taxa included in a study that do not belong to the ingroup that is of immediate interest."
]
}
],
"word": "outgroup"
}
{
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"2": "out-",
"3": "group"
},
"expansion": "out- + group",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From out- + group.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "outgroups",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "outgrouping",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "outgrouped",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "outgrouped",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {},
"expansion": "outgroup (third-person singular simple present outgroups, present participle outgrouping, simple past and past participle outgrouped)",
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 41 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with out-",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"To form an outgroup."
],
"id": "en-outgroup-en-verb-JFCbTQ5G",
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
]
]
}
],
"word": "outgroup"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “systematics”",
"word": "ingroup"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “sociology”",
"word": "ingroup"
}
],
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],
"etymology_text": "From out- + group.",
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{
"form": "outgroups",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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],
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"ref": "2022 May 2, Zachary Goldberg, “Explaining Shifts in White Racial Liberalism: The Role of Collective Moral Emotions and Media Effects”, in Georgia State University, archived from the original on 2025-01-25, pages 9, 13:",
"text": "This dissertation promises to correct for this theoretical deficit by formulating, elaborating, and ultimately testing a group-based moral emotions account in which white Americans’ moral appraisals of and attitudes towards racial/ethnic outgroups are considerably influenced by those of and towards fellow whites. […] On the basis of the insights from intergroup emotions theory, Chapter 3 derives and presents a series of preliminary hypotheses that are designed to test the relative importance of white shame and guilt for white Americans’ support for equity-oriented pro-black policies (e.g. affirmative action, financial reparations) and expressions of outgroup favoritism.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The group of people who do not belong to one's own social group."
],
"links": [
[
"sociology",
"sociology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sociology) The group of people who do not belong to one's own social group."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"sciences",
"social-science",
"sociology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Taxonomy"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009 January 15, Martin D. Brazeau, “The braincase and jaws of a Devonian 'acanthodian' and modern gnathostome origins”, Nature Volume 457 No. 7227, doi:10.1038/nature07436",
"text": "A cladistic analysis of 45 ingroup and two outgroup taxa was performed on the basis of 134 characters."
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
147,
155
]
],
"ref": "2012, Dongyou Liu, Molecular Detection of Human Parasitic Pathogens, page 293:",
"text": "To study the genetic relationships among diphyllobothroid tapeworms, other members of the Diphyllobothriidae are considered, with T. solium as the outgroup.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In cladistics, all the taxa included in a study that do not belong to the ingroup that is of immediate interest."
],
"links": [
[
"systematics",
"systematics"
],
[
"cladistic",
"cladistic"
],
[
"taxa",
"taxa"
],
[
"study",
"study"
],
[
"ingroup",
"ingroup"
]
],
"qualifier": "systematics",
"raw_glosses": [
"(systematics) In cladistics, all the taxa included in a study that do not belong to the ingroup that is of immediate interest."
]
}
],
"word": "outgroup"
}
{
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"en:Collectives"
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"2": "out-",
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"etymology_text": "From out- + group.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "outgroups",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "outgrouping",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "outgrouped",
"tags": [
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"past"
]
},
{
"form": "outgrouped",
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"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To form an outgroup."
],
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
]
]
}
],
"word": "outgroup"
}
Download raw JSONL data for outgroup meaning in All languages combined (4.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (85b9f46 and 1b6da77). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.