See milieu on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for milieu meaning in All languages combined (28.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "micromilieu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "milieu control"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "milieu therapy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*me"
},
"expansion": "*me",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "me"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *me",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*stel-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "milieu",
"t": "physical or social environment; group of people with a common point of view"
},
"expansion": "French milieu (“physical or social environment; group of people with a common point of view”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "milieu"
},
"expansion": "Middle French milieu",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "meilleu"
},
"expansion": "meilleu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "mileu"
},
"expansion": "mileu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "milliu"
},
"expansion": "Old French milliu",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "meillieu"
},
"expansion": "meillieu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "mileu",
"t": "middle"
},
"expansion": "mileu (“middle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "mi-",
"pos": "prefix meaning ‘half’"
},
"expansion": "mi- (prefix meaning ‘half’)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "medius",
"t": "half; middle"
},
"expansion": "Latin medius (“half; middle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "lieu"
},
"expansion": "lieu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "leu",
"t": "place"
},
"expansion": "leu (“place”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "locus",
"t": "place; spot (specific location)"
},
"expansion": "Latin locus (“place; spot (specific location)”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *me\n\nBorrowed from French milieu (“physical or social environment; group of people with a common point of view”), from Middle French milieu, meilleu, mileu, from Old French milliu, meillieu, mileu (“middle”), from mi- (prefix meaning ‘half’) (from Latin medius (“half; middle”)) + lieu, leu (“place”) (from Latin locus (“place; spot (specific location)”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "milieux",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "milieus",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "milieux",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "milieu (plural milieux or milieus)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"mi‧lieu"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 34 33",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Society",
"orig": "en:Society",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1996, Tom O’Regan, “Introducing Australian Cinema”, in Australian National Cinema (National Cinemas Series), London, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, page 2",
"text": "Australian cinema is a messy affair. It is a messiness not only in our ways of knowing, reading, consuming and producing films and the larger film-making milieu of which they are a part, but also a messiness among the films themselves […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Kathleen L. Mosier, “Judgment and Prediction”, in John D. Lee, Alex Kirlik, editors, The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Engineering (Oxford Library of Psychology), Oxford, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, part 2 (Cognition in Engineered Systems), page 70, column 1",
"text": "In the electronic milieu, accuracy is accomplished by the technology, and the appropriate strategy for judgment is likely to entail ensuring coherence within and across electronic and naturalistic components of the ecology.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Brendan Ryan, “Preface”, in Optimizing Academic Library Services in the Digital Milieu: Digital Devices and Their Emerging Trends (Chandos Information Professional Series), Witney, Oxfordshire: Chandos Publishing, Woodhead Publishing, page xiii",
"text": "The library as solely a physical space will not survive in the digital milieu. Services should be directed towards user needs and desires in the current academic climate.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016, Robert S. Kawashima, “Biblical Narrative and the Birth of Prose Literature”, in Danna Nolan Fewell, editor, The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Narrative, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, page 52",
"text": "The question is, then, what is the relationship of biblical narrative to its literary milieu? […] One must simultaneously biblical narrative in light of its clear historical connections to its literary milieu, while carefully analyzing the profound differences separating it from its milieu as well.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An environment or setting; a medium."
],
"id": "en-milieu-en-noun-9WS4zbYF",
"links": [
[
"environment",
"environment"
],
[
"setting",
"setting#Noun"
],
[
"medium",
"medium#Noun"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 34 33",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Society",
"orig": "en:Society",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1927 July, Percy Hughes, “The Biotic Center of Psychology”, in The Center, Function and Structure of Psychology (Lehigh University Publication; vol. 1, no. 6; Institute of Research; circular no. 9; Studies in the Humanities; no. 3), Bethlehem, Pa.: Lehigh University, →OCLC, page 13",
"text": "The distinction between the constituents in, and the conditions of, the integral life-career of person is well brought out in contrasting the attitudes of attention which persons normally develop with the milieux or social media which serve as the theater for their exercise. […] The assertive attitude of challenge finds its milieux in the domains of sport, art, exercise, industry, etc., to which the conception of gestalt may well be extended.\nReprinted from The Journal of Philosophy, volume XXIV, number 4.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1992, William A[rbuckle] Reid, “The Commonplace of the Milieus”, in Arthur Woodward, Ian Westbury, editors, The Pursuit of Curriculum: Schooling and the Public Interest (Issues in Curriculum Theory, Policy, and Research), Norwood, N.J.: Ablex Publishing Corporation, page 132",
"text": "Confronted by the multiplicity of the milieus that could influence curriculum activity, we need some way of deciding not only what kinds of milieus should claim our attention, but also what kinds of knowledge about them we should attend to.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1995, J[ames] T. Dillon, “Circumstance of Teaching”, in Jesus as a Teacher: A Multidisciplinary Case Study, Eugene, Or.: Wipf and Stock Publishers, published 20 June 2005, page 28",
"text": "The unmistakable directness and violence of Jesus' action shows it to have been undertaken and executed precisely as if the milieu were indeed not there to be counted. Here again is the character of action taken in the very face of the milieu without taking any notice of it. In any event, the one certainty is that the Roman milieu, so entirely ignored by his teaching, here came conclusively to touch upon it, putting Jesus to an end.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Sami Zubaida, “Cosmopolitanism and the Middle East”, in Roel Meijer, editor, Cosmopolitanism, Identity and Authenticity in the Middle East, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, published 2013, part I (Cosmopolitanism in the Middle East), page 16",
"text": "Certain milieus are described as cosmopolitan. Typically these are artistic, intellectual and bohemian milieus, but also the world of international business and high finance, and some mafias and underworlds.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2018, John [Neal] Stewart, “Special Strategies and Considerations for Milieu-based Attachment-focused Treatment”, in Attachment-Based Milieus for Healing Child and Adolescent Developmental Trauma: A Relational Approach for Use in Settings from Inpatient Psychiatry to Special Education Classrooms, London, Philadelphia, Pa.: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, section II (Supporting Healing Attachments in the Treatment Milieu), page 199",
"text": "The vast majority of our intensive child and adolescent treatment milieus operate within an adult-centric model, wherein staff play the central role in developing, instilling and enforcing the culture; a model that places virtually all power and authority in the hands of the supervising adults.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019 May 5 (online), Li Huang, James Lambert, “Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, volume 41, number 7, London: Routledge, published 2020, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 567–580",
"text": "[F]rom the perspective of traditional linguistic landscapes thought, such an overwhelmingly English landscape would normally be considered to exert a negative effect on the vitality and feelings of worth of other languages within this specific multilingual milieu.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A social environment or setting."
],
"id": "en-milieu-en-noun-S~ckNg2t",
"links": [
[
"social",
"social#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(specifically) A social environment or setting."
],
"tags": [
"specifically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 14 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 90",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 33",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Society",
"orig": "en:Society",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1954, Iris Murdoch, chapter 2, in Under the Net […], London: The Reprint Society, published 1955, →OCLC, page 35",
"text": "It's not easy to find someone whom one has mislaid for years in London, particularly if she belongs to the sort of milieu that Anna belonged to, but clearly the first thing to do is look in the telephone book.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A group of people with a common point of view; a social class or group."
],
"id": "en-milieu-en-noun-qAGU04jt",
"links": [
[
"group",
"group#Noun"
],
[
"people",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"common",
"common#Adjective"
],
[
"point of view",
"point of view"
],
[
"social class",
"social class"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "group of people with a common point of view — see also social class",
"word": "luokka"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmiːljɜː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mɪlˈjɜː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˈju/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˈjʊ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mɪlˈju/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˈjʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˈjə/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ə"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-milieu.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-milieu.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-milieu.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-milieu.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-milieu.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "okolna sreda",
"sense": "social setting",
"word": "околна среда"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "social setting",
"word": "社會環境"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shèhuì huánjìng",
"sense": "social setting",
"word": "社会环境"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "miljø"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "milieu"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "social setting",
"word": "socia medio"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "social setting",
"word": "miljöö"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "social setting",
"word": "lähiympäristö"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "social setting",
"word": "miljöö"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "social setting",
"word": "ympäristö"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "milieu"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Milieu"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "perivállon",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "περιβάλλον"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "social setting",
"word": "miliő"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "social setting",
"word": "milieu"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "social setting",
"word": "lingkungan hidup"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "timpeallacht"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "social setting",
"word": "milieu"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "miljø"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "otoczenie"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "środowisko"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "milieu"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "meio social"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mijloc"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sredá",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "среда́"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "entorno"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "miljö"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 51 7",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "seredovyšče",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "середовище"
}
],
"word": "milieu"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "milieuactivisme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "milieuactivist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "milieubelastend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "milieubelasting"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "milieubescherming"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "milieubeweging"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "milieubewust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "milieuheffing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "milieuonvriendelijk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "milieupartij"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "milieupolitiek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "milieuramp"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "milieustraat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "milieutaks"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "milieuverontreiniging"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "milieuvoordeel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "milieuvriendelijk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "milieuzone"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "milieu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: milieu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: milieu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fr",
"3": "milieu"
},
"expansion": "French milieu",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French milieu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "milieus",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "milieutje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-s",
"3": "milieutje"
},
"expansion": "milieu n (plural milieus, diminutive milieutje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"mi‧li‧eu"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "But peat extraction had an unintended consequence for the environment: sinking and erosion of the soil which made water management problematic in character.",
"ref": "2006, Hilde Greefs, Water Management, Communities, and Environment: The Low Countries in Comparative Perspective, C. 1000 - C. 1800, Academia Press, page 195",
"text": "Maar turfwinning had een onbedoeld gevolg voor het milieu: bodemdaling en -erosie waardoor het waterbeheer een problematisch karakter kreeg.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"environment"
],
"id": "en-milieu-nl-noun-ulKFFhum",
"links": [
[
"environment",
"environment"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Mallet-Stevens came from a well-off family.",
"text": "Mallet-Stevens stamde uit een gegoed milieu.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"milieu"
],
"id": "en-milieu-nl-noun-merQ6nXp",
"links": [
[
"milieu",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mɪlˈjøː/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-øː"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-milieu.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/Nl-milieu.ogg/Nl-milieu.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Nl-milieu.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "milieu"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "au beau milieu de"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "au milieu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Empire du Milieu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "juste milieu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "milieu de terrain"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "se voir comme le nez au milieu de la figure"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "miljø",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: miljø",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: miljø"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "milieu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: milieu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: milieu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "milieu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: milieu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: milieu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Milieu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Milieu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Milieu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "miljø",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: miljø",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: miljø"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "miljø",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: miljø",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: miljø"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "milieu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: milieu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: milieu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "miljö",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: miljö",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: miljö"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*me"
},
"expansion": "*me",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "me"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *me",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*stel-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "milieu",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French milieu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "milieu"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French milieu",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "meilleu"
},
"expansion": "meilleu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "mileu"
},
"expansion": "mileu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "milliu"
},
"expansion": "Old French milliu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "meillieu"
},
"expansion": "meillieu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "mileu"
},
"expansion": "mileu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "mi-",
"pos": "prefix meaning ‘half’"
},
"expansion": "mi- (prefix meaning ‘half’)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "medius",
"t": "half; middle"
},
"expansion": "Latin medius (“half; middle”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "lieu"
},
"expansion": "lieu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "leu",
"t": "place"
},
"expansion": "leu (“place”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "locus",
"t": "place; spot (specific location)"
},
"expansion": "Latin locus (“place; spot (specific location)”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *me\n\nInherited from Middle French milieu, meilleu, mileu, from Old French milliu, meillieu, mileu, from mi- (prefix meaning ‘half’) + (from Latin medius (“half; middle”)) + lieu, leu (“place”) (from Latin locus (“place; spot (specific location)”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "milieux",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "x"
},
"expansion": "milieu m (plural milieux)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"middle; center"
],
"id": "en-milieu-fr-noun-U6fcBGzm",
"links": [
[
"middle",
"middle"
],
[
"center",
"center"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"setting; environment; surroundings"
],
"id": "en-milieu-fr-noun-Zo49YP7V",
"links": [
[
"setting",
"setting"
],
[
"environment",
"environment"
],
[
"surroundings",
"surroundings"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 9 83 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"social circle; milieu"
],
"id": "en-milieu-fr-noun-qaY14C5B",
"links": [
[
"circle",
"circle"
],
[
"milieu",
"milieu#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"middle ground"
],
"id": "en-milieu-fr-noun-RH5agKic",
"links": [
[
"middle ground",
"middle ground"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mi.ljø/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-milieu.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/Fr-milieu.ogg/Fr-milieu.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Fr-milieu.ogg",
"text": "audio: au milieu de"
}
],
"word": "milieu"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "milieu"
},
"expansion": "Dutch milieu",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "fr",
"3": "milieu"
},
"expansion": "French milieu",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch milieu, from French milieu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "miliêu",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "milieuku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "milieumu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "milieunya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "miliêu"
},
"expansion": "miliêu (first-person possessive milieuku, second-person possessive milieumu, third-person possessive milieunya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"mi‧li‧êu"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"milieu, environment."
],
"id": "en-milieu-id-noun-HvDcQO7a",
"links": [
[
"milieu",
"milieu#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lingkungan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"id:milieu"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[miˈli.əu̯]"
}
],
"word": "milieu"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "fr",
"3": "milieu"
},
"expansion": "French milieu",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French milieu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "milieus",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "milieu m (plural milieus)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"milieu (a person’s social setting or environment)"
],
"id": "en-milieu-pt-noun-Kgt5ZVBN",
"links": [
[
"milieu",
"milieu#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "milieu"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "milieu",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French milieu",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "milieu"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French milieu",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French milieu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "milieuri",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "milieu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un milieu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "milieul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "milieuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște milieuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "milieurile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "milieu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui milieu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "milieului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "milieuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor milieuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "milieurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "milieule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "milieurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "milieuri"
},
"expansion": "milieu n (plural milieuri)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "milieurilor",
"gpi": "milieuri",
"gsd": "milieului",
"gsi": "milieu",
"n": "",
"npd": "milieurile",
"npi": "milieuri",
"nsd": "milieul",
"nsi": "milieu",
"vp": "milieurilor",
"vs": "milieule"
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"social origin"
],
"id": "en-milieu-ro-noun-ZVlA9cAF",
"links": [
[
"social",
"social"
],
[
"origin",
"origin"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ornamental object made out of lace"
],
"id": "en-milieu-ro-noun-TizNHpkg",
"links": [
[
"ornamental",
"ornamental"
],
[
"lace",
"lace"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "milieu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch neuter nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -s",
"Dutch terms borrowed from French",
"Dutch terms derived from French",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Dutch/øː",
"Rhymes:Dutch/øː/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "milieuactivisme"
},
{
"word": "milieuactivist"
},
{
"word": "milieubelastend"
},
{
"word": "milieubelasting"
},
{
"word": "milieubescherming"
},
{
"word": "milieubeweging"
},
{
"word": "milieubewust"
},
{
"word": "milieuheffing"
},
{
"word": "milieuonvriendelijk"
},
{
"word": "milieupartij"
},
{
"word": "milieupolitiek"
},
{
"word": "milieuramp"
},
{
"word": "milieustraat"
},
{
"word": "milieutaks"
},
{
"word": "milieuverontreiniging"
},
{
"word": "milieuvoordeel"
},
{
"word": "milieuvriendelijk"
},
{
"word": "milieuzone"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "milieu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: milieu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: milieu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fr",
"3": "milieu"
},
"expansion": "French milieu",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French milieu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "milieus",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "milieutje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-s",
"3": "milieutje"
},
"expansion": "milieu n (plural milieus, diminutive milieutje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"mi‧li‧eu"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "But peat extraction had an unintended consequence for the environment: sinking and erosion of the soil which made water management problematic in character.",
"ref": "2006, Hilde Greefs, Water Management, Communities, and Environment: The Low Countries in Comparative Perspective, C. 1000 - C. 1800, Academia Press, page 195",
"text": "Maar turfwinning had een onbedoeld gevolg voor het milieu: bodemdaling en -erosie waardoor het waterbeheer een problematisch karakter kreeg.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"environment"
],
"links": [
[
"environment",
"environment"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Mallet-Stevens came from a well-off family.",
"text": "Mallet-Stevens stamde uit een gegoed milieu.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"milieu"
],
"links": [
[
"milieu",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mɪlˈjøː/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-øː"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-milieu.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/Nl-milieu.ogg/Nl-milieu.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Nl-milieu.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "milieu"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *stel-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *me",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ə",
"Rhymes:English/ə/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ʊ",
"Rhymes:English/ʊ/2 syllables",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Society"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "micromilieu"
},
{
"word": "milieu control"
},
{
"word": "milieu therapy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*me"
},
"expansion": "*me",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "me"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *me",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*stel-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "milieu",
"t": "physical or social environment; group of people with a common point of view"
},
"expansion": "French milieu (“physical or social environment; group of people with a common point of view”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "milieu"
},
"expansion": "Middle French milieu",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "meilleu"
},
"expansion": "meilleu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "mileu"
},
"expansion": "mileu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "milliu"
},
"expansion": "Old French milliu",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "meillieu"
},
"expansion": "meillieu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "mileu",
"t": "middle"
},
"expansion": "mileu (“middle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "mi-",
"pos": "prefix meaning ‘half’"
},
"expansion": "mi- (prefix meaning ‘half’)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "medius",
"t": "half; middle"
},
"expansion": "Latin medius (“half; middle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "lieu"
},
"expansion": "lieu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "leu",
"t": "place"
},
"expansion": "leu (“place”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "locus",
"t": "place; spot (specific location)"
},
"expansion": "Latin locus (“place; spot (specific location)”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *me\n\nBorrowed from French milieu (“physical or social environment; group of people with a common point of view”), from Middle French milieu, meilleu, mileu, from Old French milliu, meillieu, mileu (“middle”), from mi- (prefix meaning ‘half’) (from Latin medius (“half; middle”)) + lieu, leu (“place”) (from Latin locus (“place; spot (specific location)”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "milieux",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "milieus",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "milieux",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "milieu (plural milieux or milieus)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"mi‧lieu"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1996, Tom O’Regan, “Introducing Australian Cinema”, in Australian National Cinema (National Cinemas Series), London, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, page 2",
"text": "Australian cinema is a messy affair. It is a messiness not only in our ways of knowing, reading, consuming and producing films and the larger film-making milieu of which they are a part, but also a messiness among the films themselves […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Kathleen L. Mosier, “Judgment and Prediction”, in John D. Lee, Alex Kirlik, editors, The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Engineering (Oxford Library of Psychology), Oxford, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, part 2 (Cognition in Engineered Systems), page 70, column 1",
"text": "In the electronic milieu, accuracy is accomplished by the technology, and the appropriate strategy for judgment is likely to entail ensuring coherence within and across electronic and naturalistic components of the ecology.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Brendan Ryan, “Preface”, in Optimizing Academic Library Services in the Digital Milieu: Digital Devices and Their Emerging Trends (Chandos Information Professional Series), Witney, Oxfordshire: Chandos Publishing, Woodhead Publishing, page xiii",
"text": "The library as solely a physical space will not survive in the digital milieu. Services should be directed towards user needs and desires in the current academic climate.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016, Robert S. Kawashima, “Biblical Narrative and the Birth of Prose Literature”, in Danna Nolan Fewell, editor, The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Narrative, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, page 52",
"text": "The question is, then, what is the relationship of biblical narrative to its literary milieu? […] One must simultaneously biblical narrative in light of its clear historical connections to its literary milieu, while carefully analyzing the profound differences separating it from its milieu as well.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An environment or setting; a medium."
],
"links": [
[
"environment",
"environment"
],
[
"setting",
"setting#Noun"
],
[
"medium",
"medium#Noun"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1927 July, Percy Hughes, “The Biotic Center of Psychology”, in The Center, Function and Structure of Psychology (Lehigh University Publication; vol. 1, no. 6; Institute of Research; circular no. 9; Studies in the Humanities; no. 3), Bethlehem, Pa.: Lehigh University, →OCLC, page 13",
"text": "The distinction between the constituents in, and the conditions of, the integral life-career of person is well brought out in contrasting the attitudes of attention which persons normally develop with the milieux or social media which serve as the theater for their exercise. […] The assertive attitude of challenge finds its milieux in the domains of sport, art, exercise, industry, etc., to which the conception of gestalt may well be extended.\nReprinted from The Journal of Philosophy, volume XXIV, number 4.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1992, William A[rbuckle] Reid, “The Commonplace of the Milieus”, in Arthur Woodward, Ian Westbury, editors, The Pursuit of Curriculum: Schooling and the Public Interest (Issues in Curriculum Theory, Policy, and Research), Norwood, N.J.: Ablex Publishing Corporation, page 132",
"text": "Confronted by the multiplicity of the milieus that could influence curriculum activity, we need some way of deciding not only what kinds of milieus should claim our attention, but also what kinds of knowledge about them we should attend to.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1995, J[ames] T. Dillon, “Circumstance of Teaching”, in Jesus as a Teacher: A Multidisciplinary Case Study, Eugene, Or.: Wipf and Stock Publishers, published 20 June 2005, page 28",
"text": "The unmistakable directness and violence of Jesus' action shows it to have been undertaken and executed precisely as if the milieu were indeed not there to be counted. Here again is the character of action taken in the very face of the milieu without taking any notice of it. In any event, the one certainty is that the Roman milieu, so entirely ignored by his teaching, here came conclusively to touch upon it, putting Jesus to an end.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Sami Zubaida, “Cosmopolitanism and the Middle East”, in Roel Meijer, editor, Cosmopolitanism, Identity and Authenticity in the Middle East, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, published 2013, part I (Cosmopolitanism in the Middle East), page 16",
"text": "Certain milieus are described as cosmopolitan. Typically these are artistic, intellectual and bohemian milieus, but also the world of international business and high finance, and some mafias and underworlds.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2018, John [Neal] Stewart, “Special Strategies and Considerations for Milieu-based Attachment-focused Treatment”, in Attachment-Based Milieus for Healing Child and Adolescent Developmental Trauma: A Relational Approach for Use in Settings from Inpatient Psychiatry to Special Education Classrooms, London, Philadelphia, Pa.: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, section II (Supporting Healing Attachments in the Treatment Milieu), page 199",
"text": "The vast majority of our intensive child and adolescent treatment milieus operate within an adult-centric model, wherein staff play the central role in developing, instilling and enforcing the culture; a model that places virtually all power and authority in the hands of the supervising adults.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019 May 5 (online), Li Huang, James Lambert, “Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, volume 41, number 7, London: Routledge, published 2020, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 567–580",
"text": "[F]rom the perspective of traditional linguistic landscapes thought, such an overwhelmingly English landscape would normally be considered to exert a negative effect on the vitality and feelings of worth of other languages within this specific multilingual milieu.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A social environment or setting."
],
"links": [
[
"social",
"social#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(specifically) A social environment or setting."
],
"tags": [
"specifically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1954, Iris Murdoch, chapter 2, in Under the Net […], London: The Reprint Society, published 1955, →OCLC, page 35",
"text": "It's not easy to find someone whom one has mislaid for years in London, particularly if she belongs to the sort of milieu that Anna belonged to, but clearly the first thing to do is look in the telephone book.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A group of people with a common point of view; a social class or group."
],
"links": [
[
"group",
"group#Noun"
],
[
"people",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"common",
"common#Adjective"
],
[
"point of view",
"point of view"
],
[
"social class",
"social class"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmiːljɜː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mɪlˈjɜː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˈju/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˈjʊ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mɪlˈju/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˈjʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˈjə/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ə"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-milieu.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-milieu.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-milieu.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-milieu.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-milieu.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "okolna sreda",
"sense": "social setting",
"word": "околна среда"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "social setting",
"word": "社會環境"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shèhuì huánjìng",
"sense": "social setting",
"word": "社会环境"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "miljø"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "milieu"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "social setting",
"word": "socia medio"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "social setting",
"word": "miljöö"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "social setting",
"word": "lähiympäristö"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "social setting",
"word": "miljöö"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "social setting",
"word": "ympäristö"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "milieu"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Milieu"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "perivállon",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "περιβάλλον"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "social setting",
"word": "miliő"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "social setting",
"word": "milieu"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "social setting",
"word": "lingkungan hidup"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "timpeallacht"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "social setting",
"word": "milieu"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "miljø"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "otoczenie"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "środowisko"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "milieu"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "meio social"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mijloc"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sredá",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "среда́"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "entorno"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "miljö"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "seredovyšče",
"sense": "social setting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "середовище"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "group of people with a common point of view — see also social class",
"word": "luokka"
}
],
"word": "milieu"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *stel-",
"French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *me",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "au beau milieu de"
},
{
"word": "au milieu"
},
{
"word": "Empire du Milieu"
},
{
"word": "juste milieu"
},
{
"word": "milieu de terrain"
},
{
"word": "se voir comme le nez au milieu de la figure"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "miljø",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: miljø",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: miljø"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "milieu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: milieu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: milieu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "milieu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: milieu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: milieu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Milieu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Milieu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Milieu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "miljø",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: miljø",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: miljø"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "miljø",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: miljø",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: miljø"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "milieu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: milieu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: milieu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "miljö",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: miljö",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: miljö"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*me"
},
"expansion": "*me",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "me"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *me",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*stel-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "milieu",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French milieu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "milieu"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French milieu",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "meilleu"
},
"expansion": "meilleu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "mileu"
},
"expansion": "mileu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "milliu"
},
"expansion": "Old French milliu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "meillieu"
},
"expansion": "meillieu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "mileu"
},
"expansion": "mileu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "mi-",
"pos": "prefix meaning ‘half’"
},
"expansion": "mi- (prefix meaning ‘half’)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "medius",
"t": "half; middle"
},
"expansion": "Latin medius (“half; middle”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "lieu"
},
"expansion": "lieu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "leu",
"t": "place"
},
"expansion": "leu (“place”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "locus",
"t": "place; spot (specific location)"
},
"expansion": "Latin locus (“place; spot (specific location)”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *me\n\nInherited from Middle French milieu, meilleu, mileu, from Old French milliu, meillieu, mileu, from mi- (prefix meaning ‘half’) + (from Latin medius (“half; middle”)) + lieu, leu (“place”) (from Latin locus (“place; spot (specific location)”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "milieux",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "x"
},
"expansion": "milieu m (plural milieux)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"middle; center"
],
"links": [
[
"middle",
"middle"
],
[
"center",
"center"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"setting; environment; surroundings"
],
"links": [
[
"setting",
"setting"
],
[
"environment",
"environment"
],
[
"surroundings",
"surroundings"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"social circle; milieu"
],
"links": [
[
"circle",
"circle"
],
[
"milieu",
"milieu#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"middle ground"
],
"links": [
[
"middle ground",
"middle ground"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mi.ljø/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-milieu.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/Fr-milieu.ogg/Fr-milieu.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Fr-milieu.ogg",
"text": "audio: au milieu de"
}
],
"word": "milieu"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "milieu"
},
"expansion": "Dutch milieu",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "fr",
"3": "milieu"
},
"expansion": "French milieu",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch milieu, from French milieu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "miliêu",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "milieuku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "milieumu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "milieunya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "miliêu"
},
"expansion": "miliêu (first-person possessive milieuku, second-person possessive milieumu, third-person possessive milieunya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"mi‧li‧êu"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms derived from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms derived from French",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"Requests for plural forms in Indonesian entries"
],
"glosses": [
"milieu, environment."
],
"links": [
[
"milieu",
"milieu#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lingkungan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"id:milieu"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[miˈli.əu̯]"
}
],
"word": "milieu"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "fr",
"3": "milieu"
},
"expansion": "French milieu",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French milieu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "milieus",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "milieu m (plural milieus)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine nouns",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from French",
"Portuguese terms derived from French"
],
"glosses": [
"milieu (a person’s social setting or environment)"
],
"links": [
[
"milieu",
"milieu#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "milieu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from French"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "milieu",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French milieu",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "milieu"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French milieu",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French milieu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "milieuri",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "milieu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un milieu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "milieul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "milieuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște milieuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "milieurile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "milieu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui milieu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "milieului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "milieuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor milieuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "milieurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "milieule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "milieurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "milieuri"
},
"expansion": "milieu n (plural milieuri)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "milieurilor",
"gpi": "milieuri",
"gsd": "milieului",
"gsi": "milieu",
"n": "",
"npd": "milieurile",
"npi": "milieuri",
"nsd": "milieul",
"nsi": "milieu",
"vp": "milieurilor",
"vs": "milieule"
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"social origin"
],
"links": [
[
"social",
"social"
],
[
"origin",
"origin"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ornamental object made out of lace"
],
"links": [
[
"ornamental",
"ornamental"
],
[
"lace",
"lace"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "milieu"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.