"lingkungan" meaning in All languages combined

See lingkungan on Wiktionary

Noun [Indonesian]

IPA: [lɪŋˈkʊŋan] Forms: lingkungan-lingkungan [plural], lingkunganku [first-person, possessive], lingkunganmu [possessive, second-person], lingkungannya [possessive, third-person]
Rhymes: -an, -n Etymology: Affixed lingkung + -an, inherited from Malay lingkungan, from Classical Malay lingkungan (“area”). * The sense “environment” is a semantic loan from Dutch omgeving. * The sense “circle, group” is a semantic loan from Dutch kring. Compare to loanword as Indonesian kring (“subdivision of a parish”). Etymology templates: {{af|id|lingkung|-an}} lingkung + -an, {{glossary|inherited}} inherited, {{inh|id|ms|lingkungan|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Malay lingkungan, {{inh+|id|ms|lingkungan|nocap=1}} inherited from Malay lingkungan, {{inh|id|ms-cla|lingkungan|t=area}} Classical Malay lingkungan (“area”), {{m-g|environment}} “environment”, {{semantic loan|id|nl|omgeving|nocap=1}} semantic loan from Dutch omgeving, {{m-g|circle, group}} “circle, group”, {{semantic loan|id|nl|kring|nocap=1}} semantic loan from Dutch kring, {{cog|id|kring|t=subdivision of a parish}} Indonesian kring (“subdivision of a parish”) Head templates: {{id-noun|head=|pl=duplication}} lingkungan (plural lingkungan-lingkungan, first-person possessive lingkunganku, second-person possessive lingkunganmu, third-person possessive lingkungannya)
  1. environment,
    the surroundings of, and influences on, a particular item of interest.
    Sense id: en-lingkungan-id-noun-V~LBlyZ5 Categories (other): Indonesian entries with incorrect language header, Indonesian terms suffixed with -an, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Indonesian entries with incorrect language header: 30 6 6 18 2 1 4 34 Disambiguation of Indonesian terms suffixed with -an: 26 2 5 14 4 2 16 31 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 24 2 2 12 2 1 8 28 7 1 1 4 3 1 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 30 1 2 11 1 1 5 35 5 1 1 3 2 1 1
  2. environment,
    the natural world or ecosystem.
    Sense id: en-lingkungan-id-noun-qZjSMJmT
  3. environment,
    all the elements that affect a system or its inputs and outputs.
    Sense id: en-lingkungan-id-noun-3w~s-GTN
  4. environment,
    (computing) the software and/or hardware existing on any particular computer system.
    Categories (topical): Computing
    Sense id: en-lingkungan-id-noun-JihGSv6O Categories (other): Indonesian entries with incorrect language header, Indonesian terms suffixed with -an, Indonesian terms with redundant script codes, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Indonesian entries with incorrect language header: 30 6 6 18 2 1 4 34 Disambiguation of Indonesian terms suffixed with -an: 26 2 5 14 4 2 16 31 Disambiguation of Indonesian terms with redundant script codes: 22 7 7 30 3 1 7 23 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 24 2 2 12 2 1 8 28 7 1 1 4 3 1 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 30 1 2 11 1 1 5 35 5 1 1 3 2 1 1 Topics: computing, engineering, mathematics, natural-sciences, physical-sciences, sciences
  5. area, a particular geographic region.
    Sense id: en-lingkungan-id-noun-VpTj9Omq
  6. circle, group. Synonyms: golongan, kalangan
    Sense id: en-lingkungan-id-noun-T6n9eQck
  7. (Catholicism) subdivision of a parish. Categories (topical): Catholicism Synonyms: kring
    Sense id: en-lingkungan-id-noun-peuqKGzq Categories (other): Indonesian terms suffixed with -an Disambiguation of Indonesian terms suffixed with -an: 26 2 5 14 4 2 16 31 Topics: Catholicism, Christianity
  8. (sociology) short for lingkungan tetangga (“neighbourhood”). Tags: abbreviation, alt-of Alternative form of: lingkungan tetangga (extra: neighbourhood) Categories (topical): Sociology Synonyms: kejiranan
    Sense id: en-lingkungan-id-noun-EynGGDkM Categories (other): Indonesian entries with incorrect language header, Indonesian terms suffixed with -an, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Indonesian entries with incorrect language header: 30 6 6 18 2 1 4 34 Disambiguation of Indonesian terms suffixed with -an: 26 2 5 14 4 2 16 31 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 24 2 2 12 2 1 8 28 7 1 1 4 3 1 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 30 1 2 11 1 1 5 35 5 1 1 3 2 1 1 Topics: human-sciences, sciences, social-science, sociology
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms (environment): alam sekitar (english: Standard Malay), persekitaran (english: Standard Malay)
Disambiguation of 'environment': 24 24 24 25 1 0 1 0

Noun [Malay]

Forms: lingkungan-lingkungan [plural], lingkunganku [first-person, informal, possessive], lingkunganmu [possessive, second-person], lingkungannya [possessive, third-person]
Etymology: Affixed lingkung + -an. Etymology templates: {{af|ms|lingkung|-an}} lingkung + -an Head templates: {{ms-noun}} lingkungan (plural lingkungan-lingkungan, informal 1st possessive lingkunganku, 2nd possessive lingkunganmu, 3rd possessive lingkungannya)
  1. sphere
    Sense id: en-lingkungan-ms-noun-D1i3i8VO Categories (other): Malay entries with incorrect language header, Malay terms suffixed with -an Disambiguation of Malay entries with incorrect language header: 48 2 2 18 9 18 4 Disambiguation of Malay terms suffixed with -an: 47 4 4 20 12 7 5
  2. limit
    Sense id: en-lingkungan-ms-noun-VeoJ5XFd
  3. area
    Sense id: en-lingkungan-ms-noun-SpHuXwEG
  4. radius
    Sense id: en-lingkungan-ms-noun-mBl5oiut
  5. region
    Sense id: en-lingkungan-ms-noun-xpfSmBv0
  6. spectrum
    Sense id: en-lingkungan-ms-noun-H9YgLJuz
  7. enclosure
    Sense id: en-lingkungan-ms-noun-le~sxbl9
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "lingkung",
        "3": "-an"
      },
      "expansion": "lingkung + -an",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "lingkungan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Malay lingkungan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "lingkungan",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "inherited from Malay lingkungan",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ms-cla",
        "3": "lingkungan",
        "t": "area"
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Malay lingkungan (“area”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "environment"
      },
      "expansion": "“environment”",
      "name": "m-g"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "nl",
        "3": "omgeving",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "semantic loan from Dutch omgeving",
      "name": "semantic loan"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "circle, group"
      },
      "expansion": "“circle, group”",
      "name": "m-g"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "nl",
        "3": "kring",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "semantic loan from Dutch kring",
      "name": "semantic loan"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "kring",
        "t": "subdivision of a parish"
      },
      "expansion": "Indonesian kring (“subdivision of a parish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Affixed lingkung + -an, inherited from Malay lingkungan, from Classical Malay lingkungan (“area”).\n* The sense “environment” is a semantic loan from Dutch omgeving.\n* The sense “circle, group” is a semantic loan from Dutch kring. Compare to loanword as Indonesian kring (“subdivision of a parish”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lingkungan-lingkungan",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lingkunganku",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lingkunganmu",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lingkungannya",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "head": "",
        "pl": "duplication"
      },
      "expansion": "lingkungan (plural lingkungan-lingkungan, first-person possessive lingkunganku, second-person possessive lingkunganmu, third-person possessive lingkungannya)",
      "name": "id-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ling‧kung‧an"
  ],
  "lang": "Indonesian",
  "lang_code": "id",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "30 6 6 18 2 1 4 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 2 5 14 4 2 16 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian terms suffixed with -an",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 2 2 12 2 1 8 28 7 1 1 4 3 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 1 2 11 1 1 5 35 5 1 1 3 2 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "environment,",
        "the surroundings of, and influences on, a particular item of interest."
      ],
      "id": "en-lingkungan-id-noun-V~LBlyZ5",
      "links": [
        [
          "environment",
          "environment#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "environment,",
        "the natural world or ecosystem."
      ],
      "id": "en-lingkungan-id-noun-qZjSMJmT",
      "links": [
        [
          "environment",
          "environment#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "environment,",
        "all the elements that affect a system or its inputs and outputs."
      ],
      "id": "en-lingkungan-id-noun-3w~s-GTN",
      "links": [
        [
          "environment",
          "environment#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "id",
          "name": "Computing",
          "orig": "id:Computing",
          "parents": [
            "Technology",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 6 6 18 2 1 4 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 2 5 14 4 2 16 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian terms suffixed with -an",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 7 7 30 3 1 7 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 2 2 12 2 1 8 28 7 1 1 4 3 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 1 2 11 1 1 5 35 5 1 1 3 2 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "environment,",
        "the software and/or hardware existing on any particular computer system."
      ],
      "id": "en-lingkungan-id-noun-JihGSv6O",
      "links": [
        [
          "environment",
          "environment#English"
        ],
        [
          "computing",
          "computing#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "environment,",
        "(computing) the software and/or hardware existing on any particular computer system."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "computing",
        "engineering",
        "mathematics",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "area, a particular geographic region."
      ],
      "id": "en-lingkungan-id-noun-VpTj9Omq",
      "links": [
        [
          "area",
          "area#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "circle, group."
      ],
      "id": "en-lingkungan-id-noun-T6n9eQck",
      "links": [
        [
          "circle",
          "circle#English"
        ],
        [
          "group",
          "group#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "golongan"
        },
        {
          "word": "kalangan"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "id",
          "name": "Catholicism",
          "orig": "id:Catholicism",
          "parents": [
            "Christianity",
            "Abrahamism",
            "Religion",
            "Culture",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 2 5 14 4 2 16 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian terms suffixed with -an",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "subdivision of a parish."
      ],
      "id": "en-lingkungan-id-noun-peuqKGzq",
      "links": [
        [
          "Catholicism",
          "Catholicism"
        ],
        [
          "subdivision",
          "subdivision"
        ],
        [
          "parish",
          "parish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Catholicism) subdivision of a parish."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "kring"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Catholicism",
        "Christianity"
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "neighbourhood",
          "word": "lingkungan tetangga"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "id",
          "name": "Sociology",
          "orig": "id:Sociology",
          "parents": [
            "Social sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 6 6 18 2 1 4 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 2 5 14 4 2 16 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian terms suffixed with -an",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 2 2 12 2 1 8 28 7 1 1 4 3 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 1 2 11 1 1 5 35 5 1 1 3 2 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "(Standard Malay)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "short for lingkungan tetangga (“neighbourhood”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-lingkungan-id-noun-EynGGDkM",
      "links": [
        [
          "sociology",
          "sociology"
        ],
        [
          "lingkungan tetangga",
          "lingkungan tetangga#Indonesian"
        ],
        [
          "neighbourhood",
          "neighbourhood"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(sociology) short for lingkungan tetangga (“neighbourhood”)."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "kejiranan"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "sciences",
        "social-science",
        "sociology"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[lɪŋˈkʊŋan]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-an"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-n"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "24 24 24 25 1 0 1 0",
      "english": "Standard Malay",
      "sense": "environment",
      "word": "alam sekitar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "24 24 24 25 1 0 1 0",
      "english": "Standard Malay",
      "sense": "environment",
      "word": "persekitaran"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "id:lingkungan"
  ],
  "word": "lingkungan"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "id",
            "2": "lingkungan"
          },
          "expansion": "Indonesian: lingkungan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Indonesian: lingkungan"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "lingkung",
        "3": "-an"
      },
      "expansion": "lingkung + -an",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Affixed lingkung + -an.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lingkungan-lingkungan",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lingkunganku",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "informal",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lingkunganmu",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lingkungannya",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "lingkungan (plural lingkungan-lingkungan, informal 1st possessive lingkunganku, 2nd possessive lingkunganmu, 3rd possessive lingkungannya)",
      "name": "ms-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Malay",
  "lang_code": "ms",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "48 2 2 18 9 18 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 4 4 20 12 7 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Malay terms suffixed with -an",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sphere"
      ],
      "id": "en-lingkungan-ms-noun-D1i3i8VO",
      "links": [
        [
          "sphere",
          "sphere"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "limit"
      ],
      "id": "en-lingkungan-ms-noun-VeoJ5XFd",
      "links": [
        [
          "limit",
          "limit"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "area"
      ],
      "id": "en-lingkungan-ms-noun-SpHuXwEG",
      "links": [
        [
          "area",
          "area"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "radius"
      ],
      "id": "en-lingkungan-ms-noun-mBl5oiut",
      "links": [
        [
          "radius",
          "radius"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "region"
      ],
      "id": "en-lingkungan-ms-noun-xpfSmBv0",
      "links": [
        [
          "region",
          "region"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "spectrum"
      ],
      "id": "en-lingkungan-ms-noun-H9YgLJuz",
      "links": [
        [
          "spectrum",
          "spectrum"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "enclosure"
      ],
      "id": "en-lingkungan-ms-noun-le~sxbl9",
      "links": [
        [
          "enclosure",
          "enclosure"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lingkungan"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Indonesian lemmas",
    "Indonesian nouns",
    "Indonesian terms derived from Classical Malay",
    "Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
    "Indonesian terms inherited from Classical Malay",
    "Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
    "Indonesian terms suffixed with -an",
    "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Indonesian/an",
    "Rhymes:Indonesian/an/3 syllables",
    "Rhymes:Indonesian/n",
    "Rhymes:Indonesian/n/3 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "lingkung",
        "3": "-an"
      },
      "expansion": "lingkung + -an",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "lingkungan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Malay lingkungan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "lingkungan",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "inherited from Malay lingkungan",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ms-cla",
        "3": "lingkungan",
        "t": "area"
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Malay lingkungan (“area”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "environment"
      },
      "expansion": "“environment”",
      "name": "m-g"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "nl",
        "3": "omgeving",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "semantic loan from Dutch omgeving",
      "name": "semantic loan"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "circle, group"
      },
      "expansion": "“circle, group”",
      "name": "m-g"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "nl",
        "3": "kring",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "semantic loan from Dutch kring",
      "name": "semantic loan"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "kring",
        "t": "subdivision of a parish"
      },
      "expansion": "Indonesian kring (“subdivision of a parish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Affixed lingkung + -an, inherited from Malay lingkungan, from Classical Malay lingkungan (“area”).\n* The sense “environment” is a semantic loan from Dutch omgeving.\n* The sense “circle, group” is a semantic loan from Dutch kring. Compare to loanword as Indonesian kring (“subdivision of a parish”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lingkungan-lingkungan",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lingkunganku",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lingkunganmu",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lingkungannya",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "head": "",
        "pl": "duplication"
      },
      "expansion": "lingkungan (plural lingkungan-lingkungan, first-person possessive lingkunganku, second-person possessive lingkunganmu, third-person possessive lingkungannya)",
      "name": "id-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ling‧kung‧an"
  ],
  "lang": "Indonesian",
  "lang_code": "id",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "environment,",
        "the surroundings of, and influences on, a particular item of interest."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "environment",
          "environment#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "environment,",
        "the natural world or ecosystem."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "environment",
          "environment#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "environment,",
        "all the elements that affect a system or its inputs and outputs."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "environment",
          "environment#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "id:Computing"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "environment,",
        "the software and/or hardware existing on any particular computer system."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "environment",
          "environment#English"
        ],
        [
          "computing",
          "computing#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "environment,",
        "(computing) the software and/or hardware existing on any particular computer system."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "computing",
        "engineering",
        "mathematics",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "area, a particular geographic region."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "area",
          "area#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "circle, group."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "circle",
          "circle#English"
        ],
        [
          "group",
          "group#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "golongan"
        },
        {
          "word": "kalangan"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "id:Catholicism"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "subdivision of a parish."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Catholicism",
          "Catholicism"
        ],
        [
          "subdivision",
          "subdivision"
        ],
        [
          "parish",
          "parish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Catholicism) subdivision of a parish."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "kring"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Catholicism",
        "Christianity"
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "neighbourhood",
          "word": "lingkungan tetangga"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Indonesian short forms",
        "id:Sociology"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "(Standard Malay)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "short for lingkungan tetangga (“neighbourhood”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sociology",
          "sociology"
        ],
        [
          "lingkungan tetangga",
          "lingkungan tetangga#Indonesian"
        ],
        [
          "neighbourhood",
          "neighbourhood"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(sociology) short for lingkungan tetangga (“neighbourhood”)."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "kejiranan"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "sciences",
        "social-science",
        "sociology"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[lɪŋˈkʊŋan]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-an"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-n"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "Standard Malay",
      "sense": "environment",
      "word": "alam sekitar"
    },
    {
      "english": "Standard Malay",
      "sense": "environment",
      "word": "persekitaran"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "id:lingkungan"
  ],
  "word": "lingkungan"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
    "Malay lemmas",
    "Malay nouns",
    "Malay terms suffixed with -an",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "id",
            "2": "lingkungan"
          },
          "expansion": "Indonesian: lingkungan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Indonesian: lingkungan"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "lingkung",
        "3": "-an"
      },
      "expansion": "lingkung + -an",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Affixed lingkung + -an.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lingkungan-lingkungan",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lingkunganku",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "informal",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lingkunganmu",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lingkungannya",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "lingkungan (plural lingkungan-lingkungan, informal 1st possessive lingkunganku, 2nd possessive lingkunganmu, 3rd possessive lingkungannya)",
      "name": "ms-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Malay",
  "lang_code": "ms",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "sphere"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sphere",
          "sphere"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "limit"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "limit",
          "limit"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "area"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "area",
          "area"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "radius"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "radius",
          "radius"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "region"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "region",
          "region"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "spectrum"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spectrum",
          "spectrum"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "enclosure"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "enclosure",
          "enclosure"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lingkungan"
}

Download raw JSONL data for lingkungan meaning in All languages combined (6.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.