See lingkungan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "lingkung",
"3": "-an"
},
"expansion": "lingkung + -an",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inherited"
},
"expansion": "inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "lingkungan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Malay lingkungan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "lingkungan",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "inherited from Malay lingkungan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms-cla",
"3": "lingkungan",
"t": "area"
},
"expansion": "Classical Malay lingkungan (“area”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "environment"
},
"expansion": "“environment”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "omgeving",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "semantic loan from Dutch omgeving",
"name": "semantic loan"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "circle, group"
},
"expansion": "“circle, group”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "kring",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "semantic loan from Dutch kring",
"name": "semantic loan"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "kring",
"t": "subdivision of a parish"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian kring (“subdivision of a parish”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Affixed lingkung + -an, inherited from Malay lingkungan, from Classical Malay lingkungan (“area”).\n* The sense “environment” is a semantic loan from Dutch omgeving.\n* The sense “circle, group” is a semantic loan from Dutch kring. Compare to loanword as Indonesian kring (“subdivision of a parish”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lingkungan-lingkungan",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lingkunganku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "lingkunganmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lingkungannya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "",
"pl": "duplication"
},
"expansion": "lingkungan (plural lingkungan-lingkungan, first-person possessive lingkunganku, second-person possessive lingkunganmu, third-person possessive lingkungannya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ling‧kung‧an"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 6 6 18 2 1 4 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 2 5 14 4 2 16 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms suffixed with -an",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 2 2 12 2 1 8 28 7 1 1 4 3 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 1 2 11 1 1 5 35 5 1 1 3 2 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"environment,",
"the surroundings of, and influences on, a particular item of interest."
],
"id": "en-lingkungan-id-noun-V~LBlyZ5",
"links": [
[
"environment",
"environment#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"environment,",
"the natural world or ecosystem."
],
"id": "en-lingkungan-id-noun-qZjSMJmT",
"links": [
[
"environment",
"environment#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"environment,",
"all the elements that affect a system or its inputs and outputs."
],
"id": "en-lingkungan-id-noun-3w~s-GTN",
"links": [
[
"environment",
"environment#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "id",
"name": "Computing",
"orig": "id:Computing",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "30 6 6 18 2 1 4 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 2 5 14 4 2 16 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms suffixed with -an",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 7 7 30 3 1 7 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 2 2 12 2 1 8 28 7 1 1 4 3 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 1 2 11 1 1 5 35 5 1 1 3 2 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"environment,",
"the software and/or hardware existing on any particular computer system."
],
"id": "en-lingkungan-id-noun-JihGSv6O",
"links": [
[
"environment",
"environment#English"
],
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"environment,",
"(computing) the software and/or hardware existing on any particular computer system."
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"area, a particular geographic region."
],
"id": "en-lingkungan-id-noun-VpTj9Omq",
"links": [
[
"area",
"area#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"circle, group."
],
"id": "en-lingkungan-id-noun-T6n9eQck",
"links": [
[
"circle",
"circle#English"
],
[
"group",
"group#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "golongan"
},
{
"word": "kalangan"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "id",
"name": "Catholicism",
"orig": "id:Catholicism",
"parents": [
"Christianity",
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "26 2 5 14 4 2 16 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms suffixed with -an",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"subdivision of a parish."
],
"id": "en-lingkungan-id-noun-peuqKGzq",
"links": [
[
"Catholicism",
"Catholicism"
],
[
"subdivision",
"subdivision"
],
[
"parish",
"parish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Catholicism) subdivision of a parish."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kring"
}
],
"topics": [
"Catholicism",
"Christianity"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "neighbourhood",
"word": "lingkungan tetangga"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "id",
"name": "Sociology",
"orig": "id:Sociology",
"parents": [
"Social sciences",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "30 6 6 18 2 1 4 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 2 5 14 4 2 16 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms suffixed with -an",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 2 2 12 2 1 8 28 7 1 1 4 3 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 1 2 11 1 1 5 35 5 1 1 3 2 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "(Standard Malay)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"short for lingkungan tetangga (“neighbourhood”)."
],
"id": "en-lingkungan-id-noun-EynGGDkM",
"links": [
[
"sociology",
"sociology"
],
[
"lingkungan tetangga",
"lingkungan tetangga#Indonesian"
],
[
"neighbourhood",
"neighbourhood"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sociology) short for lingkungan tetangga (“neighbourhood”)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kejiranan"
}
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"sciences",
"social-science",
"sociology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[lɪŋˈkʊŋan]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-an"
},
{
"rhymes": "-n"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "24 24 24 25 1 0 1 0",
"english": "Standard Malay",
"sense": "environment",
"word": "alam sekitar"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 24 24 25 1 0 1 0",
"english": "Standard Malay",
"sense": "environment",
"word": "persekitaran"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"id:lingkungan"
],
"word": "lingkungan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian terms derived from Classical Malay",
"Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Classical Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
"Indonesian terms suffixed with -an",
"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/an",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/an/3 syllables",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/n",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/n/3 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "lingkung",
"3": "-an"
},
"expansion": "lingkung + -an",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inherited"
},
"expansion": "inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "lingkungan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Malay lingkungan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "lingkungan",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "inherited from Malay lingkungan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms-cla",
"3": "lingkungan",
"t": "area"
},
"expansion": "Classical Malay lingkungan (“area”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "environment"
},
"expansion": "“environment”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "omgeving",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "semantic loan from Dutch omgeving",
"name": "semantic loan"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "circle, group"
},
"expansion": "“circle, group”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "kring",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "semantic loan from Dutch kring",
"name": "semantic loan"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "kring",
"t": "subdivision of a parish"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian kring (“subdivision of a parish”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Affixed lingkung + -an, inherited from Malay lingkungan, from Classical Malay lingkungan (“area”).\n* The sense “environment” is a semantic loan from Dutch omgeving.\n* The sense “circle, group” is a semantic loan from Dutch kring. Compare to loanword as Indonesian kring (“subdivision of a parish”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lingkungan-lingkungan",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lingkunganku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "lingkunganmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lingkungannya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "",
"pl": "duplication"
},
"expansion": "lingkungan (plural lingkungan-lingkungan, first-person possessive lingkunganku, second-person possessive lingkunganmu, third-person possessive lingkungannya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ling‧kung‧an"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"environment,",
"the surroundings of, and influences on, a particular item of interest."
],
"links": [
[
"environment",
"environment#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"environment,",
"the natural world or ecosystem."
],
"links": [
[
"environment",
"environment#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"environment,",
"all the elements that affect a system or its inputs and outputs."
],
"links": [
[
"environment",
"environment#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"id:Computing"
],
"glosses": [
"environment,",
"the software and/or hardware existing on any particular computer system."
],
"links": [
[
"environment",
"environment#English"
],
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"environment,",
"(computing) the software and/or hardware existing on any particular computer system."
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"area, a particular geographic region."
],
"links": [
[
"area",
"area#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"circle, group."
],
"links": [
[
"circle",
"circle#English"
],
[
"group",
"group#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "golongan"
},
{
"word": "kalangan"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"id:Catholicism"
],
"glosses": [
"subdivision of a parish."
],
"links": [
[
"Catholicism",
"Catholicism"
],
[
"subdivision",
"subdivision"
],
[
"parish",
"parish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Catholicism) subdivision of a parish."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kring"
}
],
"topics": [
"Catholicism",
"Christianity"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "neighbourhood",
"word": "lingkungan tetangga"
}
],
"categories": [
"Indonesian short forms",
"id:Sociology"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "(Standard Malay)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"short for lingkungan tetangga (“neighbourhood”)."
],
"links": [
[
"sociology",
"sociology"
],
[
"lingkungan tetangga",
"lingkungan tetangga#Indonesian"
],
[
"neighbourhood",
"neighbourhood"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sociology) short for lingkungan tetangga (“neighbourhood”)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kejiranan"
}
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"sciences",
"social-science",
"sociology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[lɪŋˈkʊŋan]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-an"
},
{
"rhymes": "-n"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "Standard Malay",
"sense": "environment",
"word": "alam sekitar"
},
{
"english": "Standard Malay",
"sense": "environment",
"word": "persekitaran"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"id:lingkungan"
],
"word": "lingkungan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lingkungan meaning in Indonesian (5.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Indonesian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.