See lingkungan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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Equivalent to lingkungan + -an.\n* The sense “environment” is a semantic loan from Dutch omgeving.\n* The sense “circle, group” is a semantic loan from Dutch kring. Compare to loanword as Indonesian kring (“subdivision of a parish”).", "forms": [ { "form": "lingkungan-lingkungan", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "lingkungan (plural lingkungan-lingkungan)", "name": "id-noun" } ], "hyphenation": [ "ling‧ku‧ngan" ], "lang": "Indonesian", "lang_code": "id", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "environment, environment in general senses" ], "id": "en-lingkungan-id-noun-mP2lMktX", "links": [ [ "environment", "environment" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "ms:persekitaran" }, { "word": "ms:alam sekitar" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "id", "name": "Computing", "orig": "id:Computing", "parents": [ "Technology", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "environment (the software and/or hardware existing on any particular computer system)" ], "id": "en-lingkungan-id-noun-aqppK8fX", "links": [ [ "computing", "computing#Noun" ], [ "environment", "environment" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(computing) environment (the software and/or hardware existing on any particular computer system)" ], "topics": [ "computing", "engineering", "mathematics", "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences", "sciences" ] }, { "glosses": [ "area, a particular geographic region" ], "id": "en-lingkungan-id-noun-NP8ouxuV", "links": [ [ "area", "area" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "area" }, { "word": "kawasan" } ] }, { "glosses": [ "circle, group" ], "id": "en-lingkungan-id-noun-9hCW0B44", "links": [ [ "circle", "circle" ], [ "group", "group" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "golongan" }, { "word": "kalangan" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "id", "name": "Catholicism", "orig": "id:Catholicism", "parents": [ "Christianity", "Abrahamism", "Religion", "Culture", "Society", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "subdivision of a parish" ], "id": "en-lingkungan-id-noun-DZ1v96N-", "links": [ [ "Catholicism", "Catholicism" ], [ "subdivision", "subdivision" ], [ "parish", "parish" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(Catholicism) subdivision of a parish" ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "kring" } ], "topics": [ "Catholicism", "Christianity" ] }, { "alt_of": [ { "extra": "neighbourhood", "word": "lingkungan tetangga" } ], "categories": [ { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "id", "name": "Sociology", "orig": "id:Sociology", "parents": [ "Social sciences", "Sciences", "Society", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "9 24 2 1 8 55", "kind": "other", "name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "9 16 5 3 24 44", "kind": "other", "name": "Indonesian terms suffixed with -an", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "5 12 2 2 12 41 11 2 2 7 2 2 2", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "3 14 1 1 8 53 8 1 1 5 1 1 1", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "short for lingkungan tetangga (“neighbourhood”)." ], "id": "en-lingkungan-id-noun-EynGGDkM", "links": [ [ "sociology", "sociology" ], [ "lingkungan tetangga", "lingkungan tetangga#Indonesian" ], [ "neighbourhood", "neighbourhood" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(sociology) short for lingkungan tetangga (“neighbourhood”)." ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "ms:kejiranan" } ], "tags": [ "abbreviation", "alt-of" ], "topics": [ "human-sciences", "sciences", "social-science", "sociology" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/liŋˈkuŋan/", "tags": [ "Standard-Indonesian" ] }, { "ipa": "[liŋˈku.ŋan]", "tags": [ "Standard-Indonesian" ] }, { "rhymes": "-uŋan" } ], "wikipedia": [ "id:lingkungan" ], "word": "lingkungan" }
{ "categories": [ "Indonesian 3-syllable words", "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header", "Indonesian lemmas", "Indonesian nouns", "Indonesian terms derived from Classical Malay", "Indonesian terms derived from Malay", "Indonesian terms inherited from Classical Malay", "Indonesian terms inherited from Malay", "Indonesian terms suffixed with -an", "Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:Indonesian/uŋan", "Rhymes:Indonesian/uŋan/3 syllables" ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "inherited" }, "expansion": "inherited", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "id", "2": "ms", "3": "lingkungan", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Malay lingkungan", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "id", "2": "ms", "3": "lingkungan", "nocap": "1" }, "expansion": "inherited from Malay lingkungan", "name": "inh+" }, { "args": { "1": "id", "2": "ms-cla", "3": "lingkungan", "t": "area" }, "expansion": "Classical Malay lingkungan (“area”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "id", "2": "lingkungan", "3": "an" }, "expansion": "lingkungan + -an", "name": "suf" }, { "args": { "1": "environment" }, "expansion": "“environment”", "name": "m-g" }, { "args": { "1": "id", "2": "nl", "3": "omgeving", "nocap": "1" }, "expansion": "semantic loan from Dutch omgeving", "name": "semantic loan" }, { "args": { "1": "circle, group" }, "expansion": "“circle, group”", "name": "m-g" }, { "args": { "1": "id", "2": "nl", "3": "kring", "nocap": "1" }, "expansion": "semantic loan from Dutch kring", "name": "semantic loan" }, { "args": { "1": "id", "2": "kring", "t": "subdivision of a parish" }, "expansion": "Indonesian kring (“subdivision of a parish”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "inherited from Malay lingkungan, from Classical Malay lingkungan (“area”). Equivalent to lingkungan + -an.\n* The sense “environment” is a semantic loan from Dutch omgeving.\n* The sense “circle, group” is a semantic loan from Dutch kring. Compare to loanword as Indonesian kring (“subdivision of a parish”).", "forms": [ { "form": "lingkungan-lingkungan", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "lingkungan (plural lingkungan-lingkungan)", "name": "id-noun" } ], "hyphenation": [ "ling‧ku‧ngan" ], "lang": "Indonesian", "lang_code": "id", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "environment, environment in general senses" ], "links": [ [ "environment", "environment" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "ms:persekitaran" }, { "word": "ms:alam sekitar" } ] }, { "categories": [ "id:Computing" ], "glosses": [ "environment (the software and/or hardware existing on any particular computer system)" ], "links": [ [ "computing", "computing#Noun" ], [ "environment", "environment" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(computing) environment (the software and/or hardware existing on any particular computer system)" ], "topics": [ "computing", "engineering", "mathematics", "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences", "sciences" ] }, { "glosses": [ "area, a particular geographic region" ], "links": [ [ "area", "area" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "area" }, { "word": "kawasan" } ] }, { "glosses": [ "circle, group" ], "links": [ [ "circle", "circle" ], [ "group", "group" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "golongan" }, { "word": "kalangan" } ] }, { "categories": [ "id:Catholicism" ], "glosses": [ "subdivision of a parish" ], "links": [ [ "Catholicism", "Catholicism" ], [ "subdivision", "subdivision" ], [ "parish", "parish" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(Catholicism) subdivision of a parish" ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "kring" } ], "topics": [ "Catholicism", "Christianity" ] }, { "alt_of": [ { "extra": "neighbourhood", "word": "lingkungan tetangga" } ], "categories": [ "Indonesian short forms", "id:Sociology" ], "glosses": [ "short for lingkungan tetangga (“neighbourhood”)." ], "links": [ [ "sociology", "sociology" ], [ "lingkungan tetangga", "lingkungan tetangga#Indonesian" ], [ "neighbourhood", "neighbourhood" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(sociology) short for lingkungan tetangga (“neighbourhood”)." ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "ms:kejiranan" } ], "tags": [ "abbreviation", "alt-of" ], "topics": [ "human-sciences", "sciences", "social-science", "sociology" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/liŋˈkuŋan/", "tags": [ "Standard-Indonesian" ] }, { "ipa": "[liŋˈku.ŋan]", "tags": [ "Standard-Indonesian" ] }, { "rhymes": "-uŋan" } ], "wikipedia": [ "id:lingkungan" ], "word": "lingkungan" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Indonesian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (813e02a and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.