See massing on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "massing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "mass"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of mass"
],
"id": "en-massing-en-verb-GHhRHEQw",
"links": [
[
"mass",
"mass#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"word": "massing"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "massings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "massing (plural massings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "98 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "98 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009 July 18, Roberta Smith, “Down a Rabbit Hole to Meth and Its Dysfunction”, in New York Times:",
"text": "Jason Rhodes’s idiosyncratic massings of objects and material goods",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bringing together into a mass."
],
"id": "en-massing-en-noun-I5Ct7wvm",
"links": [
[
"mass",
"mass"
]
]
}
],
"word": "massing"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "massingen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "massinger",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "massingene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"form removed with the spelling reform of 2005; superseded by messing"
],
"id": "en-massing-nb-noun-yzQgDnoL",
"links": [
[
"messing",
"messing#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "massing"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "massingen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "massingar",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "massingane",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "messing"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of messing"
],
"id": "en-massing-nn-noun-zVyQdXPA",
"links": [
[
"messing",
"messing#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pre-2012) alternative form of messing"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "massing"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "mæsling",
"qq": "altered by -ling, intrusive -t-"
},
"expansion": "Old English: mæsling, mæslen, mæstling (altered by -ling, intrusive -t-)\nMiddle English: mestling, maslyn, mastelyn, mastling, meslin\nEnglish: maslin",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: mæsling, mæslen, mæstling (altered by -ling, intrusive -t-)\nMiddle English: mestling, maslyn, mastelyn, mastling, meslin\nEnglish: maslin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "messing",
"3": "missing",
"4": "missinc"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: messing, missing, missinc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: messing, missing, missinc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "messinc",
"3": "missink",
"4": "missinc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: messinc, missink, missinc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: messinc, missink, missinc"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "misiņš",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: misiņš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: misiņš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "misingis",
"3": "misingas",
"4": "misinè",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lithuanian: misingis, misingas, misinè",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lithuanian: misingis, misingas, misinè"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "messing",
"3": "massing",
"4": "mersing",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Norse: messing, massing, mersing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Norse: messing, massing, mersing"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "messing"
},
"expansion": "Danish: messing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: messing"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "messing"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: messing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: messing"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "messing"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: messing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: messing"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "messing"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: messing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: messing"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "mässing"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: mässing\n→ Estonian: messing",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: mässing\n→ Estonian: messing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "messink"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: messink",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: messink"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "messinc",
"3": "missinc",
"4": "messanc",
"5": "messinge"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: messinc, missinc, messanc, messinge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: messinc, missinc, messanc, messinge"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "messing"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: messing\n→ West Frisian: messing",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: messing\n→ West Frisian: messing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "messing",
"3": "messinc"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: messing, messinc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: messing, messinc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "messinc",
"3": "mezzinc",
"4": "missinc"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: messinc, mezzinc, missinc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: messinc, mezzinc, missinc"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Messing"
},
"expansion": "German: Messing",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Messing (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*mosędzь",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Slavic: *mosędzь",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Slavic: *mosędzь (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*massjā",
"3": "*-ing",
"t1": "brass"
},
"expansion": "*massjā (“brass”) + *-ing",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *massjā (“brass”) + *-ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "massing",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "massingō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "massingōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "massing",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "massingā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "massingas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "massingō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "massingē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "massingum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "massingu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "massingum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*massing m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/massing",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "golþamassing"
}
],
"glosses": [
"brass"
],
"id": "en-massing-gmw-pro-noun-M6KLxPWC",
"links": [
[
"brass",
"brass"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "massing"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "massing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "mass"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of mass"
],
"links": [
[
"mass",
"mass#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"word": "massing"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "massings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "massing (plural massings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009 July 18, Roberta Smith, “Down a Rabbit Hole to Meth and Its Dysfunction”, in New York Times:",
"text": "Jason Rhodes’s idiosyncratic massings of objects and material goods",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bringing together into a mass."
],
"links": [
[
"mass",
"mass"
]
]
}
],
"word": "massing"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "massingen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "massinger",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "massingene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål lemmas",
"Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål pre-2005 forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"form removed with the spelling reform of 2005; superseded by messing"
],
"links": [
[
"messing",
"messing#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "massing"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "massingen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "massingar",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "massingane",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "messing"
}
],
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas",
"Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns",
"Norwegian Nynorsk nouns",
"Norwegian Nynorsk pre-2012 forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of messing"
],
"links": [
[
"messing",
"messing#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pre-2012) alternative form of messing"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "massing"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "golþamassing"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "mæsling",
"qq": "altered by -ling, intrusive -t-"
},
"expansion": "Old English: mæsling, mæslen, mæstling (altered by -ling, intrusive -t-)\nMiddle English: mestling, maslyn, mastelyn, mastling, meslin\nEnglish: maslin",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: mæsling, mæslen, mæstling (altered by -ling, intrusive -t-)\nMiddle English: mestling, maslyn, mastelyn, mastling, meslin\nEnglish: maslin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "messing",
"3": "missing",
"4": "missinc"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: messing, missing, missinc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: messing, missing, missinc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "messinc",
"3": "missink",
"4": "missinc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: messinc, missink, missinc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: messinc, missink, missinc"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "misiņš",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: misiņš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: misiņš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "misingis",
"3": "misingas",
"4": "misinè",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lithuanian: misingis, misingas, misinè",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lithuanian: misingis, misingas, misinè"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "messing",
"3": "massing",
"4": "mersing",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Norse: messing, massing, mersing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Norse: messing, massing, mersing"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "messing"
},
"expansion": "Danish: messing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: messing"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "messing"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: messing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: messing"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "messing"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: messing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: messing"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "messing"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: messing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: messing"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "mässing"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: mässing\n→ Estonian: messing",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: mässing\n→ Estonian: messing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "messink"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: messink",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: messink"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "messinc",
"3": "missinc",
"4": "messanc",
"5": "messinge"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: messinc, missinc, messanc, messinge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: messinc, missinc, messanc, messinge"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "messing"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: messing\n→ West Frisian: messing",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: messing\n→ West Frisian: messing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "messing",
"3": "messinc"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: messing, messinc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: messing, messinc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "messinc",
"3": "mezzinc",
"4": "missinc"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: messinc, mezzinc, missinc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: messinc, mezzinc, missinc"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Messing"
},
"expansion": "German: Messing",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Messing (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*mosędzь",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Slavic: *mosędzь",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Slavic: *mosędzь (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*massjā",
"3": "*-ing",
"t1": "brass"
},
"expansion": "*massjā (“brass”) + *-ing",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *massjā (“brass”) + *-ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "massing",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "massingō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "massingōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "massing",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "massingā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "massingas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "massingō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "massingē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "massingum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "massingu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "massingum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*massing m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/massing",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ing",
"gmw-pro:Metals"
],
"glosses": [
"brass"
],
"links": [
[
"brass",
"brass"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "massing"
}
Download raw JSONL data for massing meaning in All languages combined (8.9kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: pre-2012",
"path": [
"massing"
],
"section": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "massing",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: pre-2012",
"path": [
"massing"
],
"section": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "massing",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.