See kukuh on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kukuh meaning in All languages combined (12.1kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-cet-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Malayo-Polynesian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kvh",
"2": "wuku"
},
"expansion": "Komodo: wuku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Komodo: wuku"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mqy",
"2": "huku"
},
"expansion": "Manggarai: huku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manggarai: huku"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pqe-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-oce-pro",
"2": "*kuku"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oceanic: *kuku\nCentral-Eastern Oceanic:\nCentral Oceanic:\nEast Fijian-Polynesian:\nFijian: kuku\nProto-Polynesian: *akikuku, *matikuku, *maqikuku (see there for further descendants)\nWest Fijian-Rotuman:\nRotuman: mänʻuʻu\nWestern Fijian: kuku\nMicronesian:\nChuukese: kkú\nPohnpeian: kihk\nWoleaian: kiu\nSoutheast Solomonic:\nGela: gugu\nWestern Oceanic:\nNakanai: lakuku\nNumbami: kuku",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Oceanic: *kuku\nCentral-Eastern Oceanic:\nCentral Oceanic:\nEast Fijian-Polynesian:\nFijian: kuku\nProto-Polynesian: *akikuku, *matikuku, *maqikuku (see there for further descendants)\nWest Fijian-Rotuman:\nRotuman: mänʻuʻu\nWestern Fijian: kuku\nMicronesian:\nChuukese: kkú\nPohnpeian: kihk\nWoleaian: kiu\nSoutheast Solomonic:\nGela: gugu\nWestern Oceanic:\nNakanai: lakuku\nNumbami: kuku"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Western Malayo-Polynesian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Barito:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Barito:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhy",
"2": "kuku"
},
"expansion": "Ma'anyan: kuku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ma'anyan: kuku"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mg",
"2": "hoho"
},
"expansion": "Malagasy: hoho",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Malagasy: hoho"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sama-Bajaw:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sml",
"2": "kukku",
"3": "kuku"
},
"expansion": "Central Sama: kukku, kuku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Sama: kukku, kuku"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sjm",
"2": "kuku"
},
"expansion": "Mapun: kuku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mapun: kuku"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yka",
"2": "kukku"
},
"expansion": "Yakan: kukku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakan: kukku"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "phi-pro",
"2": "*kukuh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Philippine: *kukuh\nAsi: kuko\nBikol Central: kuko\nCebuano: kuko\nIlocano: kuko\nIvatan: kokoh\nLimos Kalinga: kuku\nMaranao: kanoko\nTagalog: kuko\nTausug: kukku",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Philippine: *kukuh\nAsi: kuko\nBikol Central: kuko\nCebuano: kuko\nIlocano: kuko\nIvatan: kokoh\nLimos Kalinga: kuku\nMaranao: kanoko\nTagalog: kuko\nTausug: kukku"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Celebic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mzq",
"2": "kuku"
},
"expansion": "Mori Atas: kuku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mori Atas: kuku"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wow",
"2": "kuku"
},
"expansion": "Wawonii: kuku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Wawonii: kuku"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Moklenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mwt",
"2": "kekoi"
},
"expansion": "Moken: kekoi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Moken: kekoi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkm",
"2": "kukoi"
},
"expansion": "Moklen: kukoi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Moklen: kukoi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-msa-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-mcm-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Chamic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Malayo-Chamic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cmc-pro",
"2": "*kukɔw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Chamic: *kukɔw\nAcehnese: gukèë, gukee\nCoastal Chamic:\nCham:\nEastern Cham: kakŏw\nWestern Cham: kakau\nHaroi: kờkău\nHighlands Chamic:\nJarai: tơkâo\nRade: kkâo\nNorthern Chamic:\nTsat: kaw²¹",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Chamic: *kukɔw\nAcehnese: gukèë, gukee\nCoastal Chamic:\nCham:\nEastern Cham: kakŏw\nWestern Cham: kakau\nHaroi: kờkău\nHighlands Chamic:\nJarai: tơkâo\nRade: kkâo\nNorthern Chamic:\nTsat: kaw²¹"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-mly-pro",
"2": "*kuku"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayic: *kuku\nIban: kukut\nKendayan: kuku\nMalayan:\nBrunei Malay: kuku\nMalay: kuku\nIndonesian: kuku\nMinangkabau: kuku\nUrak Lawoi': กูกู (kuku)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Malayic: *kuku\nIban: kukut\nKendayan: kuku\nMalayan:\nBrunei Malay: kuku\nMalay: kuku\nIndonesian: kuku\nMinangkabau: kuku\nUrak Lawoi': กูกู (kuku)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "su",
"2": "ᮊᮥᮊᮥ"
},
"expansion": "Sundanese: ᮊᮥᮊᮥ (kuku)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sundanese: ᮊᮥᮊᮥ (kuku)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kuhkuh"
},
"expansion": "*kuhkuh",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*kuSkuS"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *kuSkuS",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *kuhkuh, from Proto-Austronesian *kuSkuS.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*kukuh",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"lang_code": "poz-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/kukuh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nail (on fingers and toes)"
],
"id": "en-kukuh-poz-pro-noun-Azlh4wh4",
"links": [
[
"nail",
"nail"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kukuh/"
}
],
"word": "kukuh"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "berkukuh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bersikukuh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kekukuhan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "memperkukuh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mengukuhi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mengukuhkan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pengukuhan"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "kukuh"
},
"expansion": "Malay kukuh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*kukuq",
"t": "stick to, adhere firmly"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kukuq (“stick to, adhere firmly”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*kukuq",
"t": "stick to, adhere firmly"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *kukuq (“stick to, adhere firmly”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Malay kukuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kukuq (“stick to, adhere firmly”), from Proto-Austronesian *kukuq (“stick to, adhere firmly”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "",
"pl": "-"
},
"expansion": "kukuh",
"name": "id-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ku‧kuh"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"tenacious"
],
"id": "en-kukuh-id-adj-wa4NJ5i~",
"links": [
[
"tenacious",
"tenacious"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 74 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 63 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"solid: strong or unyielding."
],
"id": "en-kukuh-id-adj-0ubni5Fb",
"links": [
[
"solid",
"solid"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tough, sturdy: strong and resilient."
],
"id": "en-kukuh-id-adj-s-j2b2oG",
"links": [
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"sturdy",
"sturdy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkukʊh/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kokoh"
}
],
"word": "kukuh"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "kukuh",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kukuh",
"name": "jv-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Javanese",
"lang_code": "jv",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ꦏꦸꦏꦸꦃ"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Javanese romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Javanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of ꦏꦸꦏꦸꦃ."
],
"id": "en-kukuh-jv-romanization-wU9g4ghh",
"links": [
[
"ꦏꦸꦏꦸꦃ",
"ꦏꦸꦏꦸꦃ#Javanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "kukuh"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trv",
"2": "map-ata-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Atayalic [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trv",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*kuSkuS"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *kuSkuS",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Atayalic [Term?], from Proto-Austronesian *kuSkuS.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trv",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "kukuh",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Taroko",
"lang_code": "trv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Taroko entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "trv",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "trv:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fingernail; toenail"
],
"id": "en-kukuh-trv-noun-GbUCZP7T",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"fingernail",
"fingernail"
],
[
"toenail",
"toenail"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) fingernail; toenail"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "kukuh"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bno",
"2": "kuko"
},
"expansion": "Asi: kuko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asi: kuko"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bcl",
"2": "kuko"
},
"expansion": "Bikol Central: kuko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bikol Central: kuko"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb",
"2": "kuko"
},
"expansion": "Cebuano: kuko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cebuano: kuko"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ilo",
"2": "kuko"
},
"expansion": "Ilocano: kuko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ilocano: kuko"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ivv",
"2": "kokoh"
},
"expansion": "Ivatan: kokoh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ivatan: kokoh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmk",
"2": "kuku"
},
"expansion": "Limos Kalinga: kuku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limos Kalinga: kuku"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mrw",
"2": "kanoko"
},
"expansion": "Maranao: kanoko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Maranao: kanoko"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "kuko"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog: kuko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tagalog: kuko"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tsg",
"2": "kukku"
},
"expansion": "Tausug: kukku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tausug: kukku"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "phi-pro",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*kukuh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kukuh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "phi-pro",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*kuSkuS"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *kuSkuS",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kukuh, from Proto-Austronesian *kuSkuS.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "phi-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*kukuh",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Philippine",
"lang_code": "phi-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Philippine/kukuh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Philippine entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nail (on fingers and toes)"
],
"id": "en-kukuh-phi-pro-noun-Azlh4wh4",
"links": [
[
"nail",
"nail"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kukuh"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian 2-syllable words",
"Indonesian adjectives",
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
"Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "berkukuh"
},
{
"word": "bersikukuh"
},
{
"word": "kekukuhan"
},
{
"word": "memperkukuh"
},
{
"word": "mengukuhi"
},
{
"word": "mengukuhkan"
},
{
"word": "pengukuhan"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "kukuh"
},
"expansion": "Malay kukuh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*kukuq",
"t": "stick to, adhere firmly"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kukuq (“stick to, adhere firmly”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*kukuq",
"t": "stick to, adhere firmly"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *kukuq (“stick to, adhere firmly”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Malay kukuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kukuq (“stick to, adhere firmly”), from Proto-Austronesian *kukuq (“stick to, adhere firmly”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "",
"pl": "-"
},
"expansion": "kukuh",
"name": "id-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ku‧kuh"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"tenacious"
],
"links": [
[
"tenacious",
"tenacious"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"solid: strong or unyielding."
],
"links": [
[
"solid",
"solid"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tough, sturdy: strong and resilient."
],
"links": [
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"sturdy",
"sturdy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkukʊh/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kokoh"
}
],
"word": "kukuh"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "kukuh",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kukuh",
"name": "jv-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Javanese",
"lang_code": "jv",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ꦏꦸꦏꦸꦃ"
}
],
"categories": [
"Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Javanese non-lemma forms",
"Javanese romanizations",
"Javanese terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of ꦏꦸꦏꦸꦃ."
],
"links": [
[
"ꦏꦸꦏꦸꦃ",
"ꦏꦸꦏꦸꦃ#Javanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "kukuh"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-cet-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Malayo-Polynesian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kvh",
"2": "wuku"
},
"expansion": "Komodo: wuku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Komodo: wuku"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mqy",
"2": "huku"
},
"expansion": "Manggarai: huku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manggarai: huku"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pqe-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-oce-pro",
"2": "*kuku"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oceanic: *kuku\nCentral-Eastern Oceanic:\nCentral Oceanic:\nEast Fijian-Polynesian:\nFijian: kuku\nProto-Polynesian: *akikuku, *matikuku, *maqikuku (see there for further descendants)\nWest Fijian-Rotuman:\nRotuman: mänʻuʻu\nWestern Fijian: kuku\nMicronesian:\nChuukese: kkú\nPohnpeian: kihk\nWoleaian: kiu\nSoutheast Solomonic:\nGela: gugu\nWestern Oceanic:\nNakanai: lakuku\nNumbami: kuku",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Oceanic: *kuku\nCentral-Eastern Oceanic:\nCentral Oceanic:\nEast Fijian-Polynesian:\nFijian: kuku\nProto-Polynesian: *akikuku, *matikuku, *maqikuku (see there for further descendants)\nWest Fijian-Rotuman:\nRotuman: mänʻuʻu\nWestern Fijian: kuku\nMicronesian:\nChuukese: kkú\nPohnpeian: kihk\nWoleaian: kiu\nSoutheast Solomonic:\nGela: gugu\nWestern Oceanic:\nNakanai: lakuku\nNumbami: kuku"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Western Malayo-Polynesian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Barito:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Barito:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhy",
"2": "kuku"
},
"expansion": "Ma'anyan: kuku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ma'anyan: kuku"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mg",
"2": "hoho"
},
"expansion": "Malagasy: hoho",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Malagasy: hoho"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sama-Bajaw:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sml",
"2": "kukku",
"3": "kuku"
},
"expansion": "Central Sama: kukku, kuku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Sama: kukku, kuku"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sjm",
"2": "kuku"
},
"expansion": "Mapun: kuku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mapun: kuku"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yka",
"2": "kukku"
},
"expansion": "Yakan: kukku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakan: kukku"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "phi-pro",
"2": "*kukuh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Philippine: *kukuh\nAsi: kuko\nBikol Central: kuko\nCebuano: kuko\nIlocano: kuko\nIvatan: kokoh\nLimos Kalinga: kuku\nMaranao: kanoko\nTagalog: kuko\nTausug: kukku",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Philippine: *kukuh\nAsi: kuko\nBikol Central: kuko\nCebuano: kuko\nIlocano: kuko\nIvatan: kokoh\nLimos Kalinga: kuku\nMaranao: kanoko\nTagalog: kuko\nTausug: kukku"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Celebic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mzq",
"2": "kuku"
},
"expansion": "Mori Atas: kuku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mori Atas: kuku"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wow",
"2": "kuku"
},
"expansion": "Wawonii: kuku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Wawonii: kuku"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Moklenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mwt",
"2": "kekoi"
},
"expansion": "Moken: kekoi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Moken: kekoi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkm",
"2": "kukoi"
},
"expansion": "Moklen: kukoi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Moklen: kukoi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-msa-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-mcm-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Chamic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Malayo-Chamic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cmc-pro",
"2": "*kukɔw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Chamic: *kukɔw\nAcehnese: gukèë, gukee\nCoastal Chamic:\nCham:\nEastern Cham: kakŏw\nWestern Cham: kakau\nHaroi: kờkău\nHighlands Chamic:\nJarai: tơkâo\nRade: kkâo\nNorthern Chamic:\nTsat: kaw²¹",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Chamic: *kukɔw\nAcehnese: gukèë, gukee\nCoastal Chamic:\nCham:\nEastern Cham: kakŏw\nWestern Cham: kakau\nHaroi: kờkău\nHighlands Chamic:\nJarai: tơkâo\nRade: kkâo\nNorthern Chamic:\nTsat: kaw²¹"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-mly-pro",
"2": "*kuku"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayic: *kuku\nIban: kukut\nKendayan: kuku\nMalayan:\nBrunei Malay: kuku\nMalay: kuku\nIndonesian: kuku\nMinangkabau: kuku\nUrak Lawoi': กูกู (kuku)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Malayic: *kuku\nIban: kukut\nKendayan: kuku\nMalayan:\nBrunei Malay: kuku\nMalay: kuku\nIndonesian: kuku\nMinangkabau: kuku\nUrak Lawoi': กูกู (kuku)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "su",
"2": "ᮊᮥᮊᮥ"
},
"expansion": "Sundanese: ᮊᮥᮊᮥ (kuku)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sundanese: ᮊᮥᮊᮥ (kuku)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kuhkuh"
},
"expansion": "*kuhkuh",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*kuSkuS"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *kuSkuS",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *kuhkuh, from Proto-Austronesian *kuSkuS.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*kukuh",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"lang_code": "poz-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/kukuh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian lemmas",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian nouns",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"nail (on fingers and toes)"
],
"links": [
[
"nail",
"nail"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kukuh/"
}
],
"word": "kukuh"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bno",
"2": "kuko"
},
"expansion": "Asi: kuko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asi: kuko"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bcl",
"2": "kuko"
},
"expansion": "Bikol Central: kuko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bikol Central: kuko"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb",
"2": "kuko"
},
"expansion": "Cebuano: kuko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cebuano: kuko"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ilo",
"2": "kuko"
},
"expansion": "Ilocano: kuko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ilocano: kuko"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ivv",
"2": "kokoh"
},
"expansion": "Ivatan: kokoh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ivatan: kokoh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmk",
"2": "kuku"
},
"expansion": "Limos Kalinga: kuku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limos Kalinga: kuku"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mrw",
"2": "kanoko"
},
"expansion": "Maranao: kanoko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Maranao: kanoko"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "kuko"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog: kuko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tagalog: kuko"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tsg",
"2": "kukku"
},
"expansion": "Tausug: kukku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tausug: kukku"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "phi-pro",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*kukuh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kukuh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "phi-pro",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*kuSkuS"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *kuSkuS",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kukuh, from Proto-Austronesian *kuSkuS.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "phi-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*kukuh",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Philippine",
"lang_code": "phi-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Philippine/kukuh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Philippine entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Philippine lemmas",
"Proto-Philippine nouns",
"Proto-Philippine terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Proto-Philippine terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Proto-Philippine terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Proto-Philippine terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian"
],
"glosses": [
"nail (on fingers and toes)"
],
"links": [
[
"nail",
"nail"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kukuh"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trv",
"2": "map-ata-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Atayalic [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trv",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*kuSkuS"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *kuSkuS",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Atayalic [Term?], from Proto-Austronesian *kuSkuS.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trv",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "kukuh",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Taroko",
"lang_code": "trv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Atayalic term requests",
"Taroko entries with incorrect language header",
"Taroko lemmas",
"Taroko nouns",
"Taroko terms derived from Proto-Atayalic",
"Taroko terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Taroko terms inherited from Proto-Atayalic",
"Taroko terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"trv:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"fingernail; toenail"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"fingernail",
"fingernail"
],
[
"toenail",
"toenail"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) fingernail; toenail"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "kukuh"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.