"kopciuch" meaning in All languages combined

See kopciuch on Wiktionary

Noun [Polish]

IPA: /ˈkɔp.t͡ɕux/
Rhymes: -ɔpt͡ɕux Etymology: From kopeć + -uch. Etymology templates: {{af|pl|kopeć|-uch}} kopeć + -uch Head templates: {{pl-noun|m-pr}} kopciuch m pers Inflection templates: {{pl-decl-noun-m-pr|nomp=kopciuchy}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], kopciuch [nominative, singular], kopciuchy [nominative, plural], kopciucha [genitive, singular], kopciuchów [genitive, plural], kopciuchowi [dative, singular], kopciuchom [dative, plural], kopciucha [accusative, singular], kopciuchów [accusative, plural], kopciuchem [instrumental, singular], kopciuchami [instrumental, plural], kopciuchu [locative, singular], kopciuchach [locative, plural], kopciuchu [singular, vocative], kopciuchy [plural, vocative]
  1. (derogatory) Augmentative of kopciuszek Tags: augmentative, derogatory, form-of, masculine, person Form of: kopciuszek
    Sense id: en-kopciuch-pl-noun-DD2u-jRN
  2. (colloquial) a dirty, grimy person Tags: colloquial, masculine, person Categories (topical): People Synonyms: brudas, niechluj, smoluch, brudas
    Sense id: en-kopciuch-pl-noun-gAbEZpMr Disambiguation of People: 26 72 1 1

Noun [Polish]

IPA: /ˈkɔp.t͡ɕux/
Rhymes: -ɔpt͡ɕux Etymology: From kopeć + -uch. Etymology templates: {{af|pl|kopeć|-uch}} kopeć + -uch Head templates: {{pl-noun|m-in}} kopciuch m inan Inflection templates: {{pl-decl-noun-m-in|nomp=kopciuchy}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], kopciuch [nominative, singular], kopciuchy [nominative, plural], kopciuchu [genitive, singular], kopciuchów [genitive, plural], kopciuchowi [dative, singular], kopciuchom [dative, plural], kopciuch [accusative, singular], kopciuchy [accusative, plural], kopciuchem [instrumental, singular], kopciuchami [instrumental, plural], kopciuchu [locative, singular], kopciuchach [locative, plural], kopciuchu [singular, vocative], kopciuchy [plural, vocative]
  1. (colloquial) a cigarette produced from poor-quality tobacco Tags: colloquial, inanimate, masculine Categories (topical): Smoking Categories (lifeform): Tobacco
    Sense id: en-kopciuch-pl-noun-2Vk7MR5k Disambiguation of Smoking: 9 17 60 13 Disambiguation of Tobacco: 5 7 79 10 Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish links with manual fragments, Polish links with redundant alt parameters, Polish links with redundant wikilinks, Polish terms suffixed with -uch Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 4 16 47 34 Disambiguation of Polish links with manual fragments: 6 20 53 22 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant alt parameters: 5 17 55 23 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant wikilinks: 5 17 54 24 Disambiguation of Polish terms suffixed with -uch: 10 24 39 26
  2. (colloquial) a smoke-emitting vehicle or other machine Tags: colloquial, inanimate, masculine Categories (topical): Machines
    Sense id: en-kopciuch-pl-noun-n~6QsB~Z Disambiguation of Machines: 6 6 17 71

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for kopciuch meaning in All languages combined (6.8kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "kopeć",
        "3": "-uch"
      },
      "expansion": "kopeć + -uch",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From kopeć + -uch.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuch",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciucha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchów",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchowi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciucha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchów",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-pr"
      },
      "expansion": "kopciuch m pers",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "kop‧ciuch"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "nomp": "kopciuchy"
      },
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "kopciuszek"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Augmentative of kopciuszek"
      ],
      "id": "en-kopciuch-pl-noun-DD2u-jRN",
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "kopciuszek",
          "kopciuszek#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(derogatory) Augmentative of kopciuszek"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "augmentative",
        "derogatory",
        "form-of",
        "masculine",
        "person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 72 1 1",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "pl:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a dirty, grimy person"
      ],
      "id": "en-kopciuch-pl-noun-gAbEZpMr",
      "links": [
        [
          "dirty",
          "dirty"
        ],
        [
          "grimy",
          "grimy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) a dirty, grimy person"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "brudas"
        },
        {
          "word": "niechluj"
        },
        {
          "word": "smoluch"
        },
        {
          "word": "brudas"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "masculine",
        "person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɔp.t͡ɕux/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔpt͡ɕux"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Kopciuch"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kopciuch"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "kopeć",
        "3": "-uch"
      },
      "expansion": "kopeć + -uch",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From kopeć + -uch.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuch",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchów",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchowi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuch",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-in"
      },
      "expansion": "kopciuch m inan",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "kop‧ciuch"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "nomp": "kopciuchy"
      },
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "4 16 47 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 20 53 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 17 55 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 17 54 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 24 39 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms suffixed with -uch",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 17 60 13",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Smoking",
          "orig": "pl:Smoking",
          "parents": [
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 7 79 10",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Tobacco",
          "orig": "pl:Tobacco",
          "parents": [
            "Nightshades",
            "Recreational drugs",
            "Smoking",
            "Plants",
            "Drugs",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Matter",
            "Pharmacology",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Chemistry",
            "Nature",
            "Biochemistry",
            "Medicine",
            "Fundamental",
            "Sciences",
            "Biology"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a cigarette produced from poor-quality tobacco"
      ],
      "id": "en-kopciuch-pl-noun-2Vk7MR5k",
      "links": [
        [
          "cigarette",
          "cigarette"
        ],
        [
          "poor",
          "poor"
        ],
        [
          "quality",
          "quality"
        ],
        [
          "tobacco",
          "tobacco"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) a cigarette produced from poor-quality tobacco"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 6 17 71",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Machines",
          "orig": "pl:Machines",
          "parents": [
            "Technology",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a smoke-emitting vehicle or other machine"
      ],
      "id": "en-kopciuch-pl-noun-n~6QsB~Z",
      "links": [
        [
          "smoke",
          "smoke"
        ],
        [
          "emitting",
          "emitting"
        ],
        [
          "vehicle",
          "vehicle"
        ],
        [
          "machine",
          "machine"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) a smoke-emitting vehicle or other machine"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɔp.t͡ɕux/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔpt͡ɕux"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Kopciuch"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kopciuch"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 2-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish inanimate nouns",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish links with manual fragments",
    "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Polish masculine nouns",
    "Polish nouns",
    "Polish personal nouns",
    "Polish terms suffixed with -uch",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Polish terms with homophones",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɔpt͡ɕux",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɔpt͡ɕux/2 syllables",
    "pl:Machines",
    "pl:People",
    "pl:Smoking",
    "pl:Tobacco"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "kopeć",
        "3": "-uch"
      },
      "expansion": "kopeć + -uch",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From kopeć + -uch.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuch",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciucha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchów",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchowi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciucha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchów",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-pr"
      },
      "expansion": "kopciuch m pers",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "kop‧ciuch"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "nomp": "kopciuchy"
      },
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish augmentative nouns",
        "Polish derogatory terms"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "kopciuszek"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Augmentative of kopciuszek"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "kopciuszek",
          "kopciuszek#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(derogatory) Augmentative of kopciuszek"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "augmentative",
        "derogatory",
        "form-of",
        "masculine",
        "person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish colloquialisms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a dirty, grimy person"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dirty",
          "dirty"
        ],
        [
          "grimy",
          "grimy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) a dirty, grimy person"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "brudas"
        },
        {
          "word": "niechluj"
        },
        {
          "word": "smoluch"
        },
        {
          "word": "brudas"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "masculine",
        "person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɔp.t͡ɕux/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔpt͡ɕux"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Kopciuch"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kopciuch"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 2-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish inanimate nouns",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish links with manual fragments",
    "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Polish masculine nouns",
    "Polish nouns",
    "Polish personal nouns",
    "Polish terms suffixed with -uch",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Polish terms with homophones",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɔpt͡ɕux",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɔpt͡ɕux/2 syllables",
    "pl:Machines",
    "pl:People",
    "pl:Smoking",
    "pl:Tobacco"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "kopeć",
        "3": "-uch"
      },
      "expansion": "kopeć + -uch",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From kopeć + -uch.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuch",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchów",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchowi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuch",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kopciuchy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-in"
      },
      "expansion": "kopciuch m inan",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "kop‧ciuch"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "nomp": "kopciuchy"
      },
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish colloquialisms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a cigarette produced from poor-quality tobacco"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cigarette",
          "cigarette"
        ],
        [
          "poor",
          "poor"
        ],
        [
          "quality",
          "quality"
        ],
        [
          "tobacco",
          "tobacco"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) a cigarette produced from poor-quality tobacco"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish colloquialisms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a smoke-emitting vehicle or other machine"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "smoke",
          "smoke"
        ],
        [
          "emitting",
          "emitting"
        ],
        [
          "vehicle",
          "vehicle"
        ],
        [
          "machine",
          "machine"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) a smoke-emitting vehicle or other machine"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɔp.t͡ɕux/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔpt͡ɕux"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Kopciuch"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kopciuch"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.