"kinder" meaning in All languages combined

See kinder on Wiktionary

Noun [Danish]

Head templates: {{head|da|noun form|g=c}} kinder c
  1. indefinite plural of kind Tags: common-gender, form-of, indefinite, plural Form of: kind
    Sense id: en-kinder-da-noun-xCKBRLDR Categories (other): Danish entries with incorrect language header

Adjective [English]

IPA: /ˈkaɪndə/ [UK], /ˈkaɪndɚ/ [US] Audio: en-us-kinder.ogg [US]
enPR: kīndʹə, kīndʹər Rhymes: -aɪndə(ɹ) Etymology: kind + -er Etymology templates: {{suffix|en|kind|er}} kind + -er Head templates: {{head|en|comparative adjective}} kinder
  1. comparative form of kind: more kind Tags: comparative, form-of Form of: kind (extra: more kind)
    Sense id: en-kinder-en-adj-po5EoP18 Categories (other): English terms suffixed with -er
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Adverb [English]

Head templates: {{en-adv|-}} kinder (not comparable)
  1. Alternative form of kinda Tags: alt-of, alternative, not-comparable Alternative form of: kinda
    Sense id: en-kinder-en-adv-etzVkSgk
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈkɪndə/ [UK], /ˈkɪndɚ/ [US]
enPR: kĭndʹə [US], kĭndʹər [US] Etymology: From German Kinder (“children”), sometimes via Yiddish קינדער (kinder, “children”). Etymology templates: {{der|en|de|Kinder|gloss=children}} German Kinder (“children”), {{der|en|yi|קינדער|gloss=children}} Yiddish קינדער (kinder, “children”) Head templates: {{en-noun|p}} kinder pl (plural only)
  1. (chiefly humorous or in German or Yiddish contexts) Children. Tags: plural, plural-only
    Sense id: en-kinder-en-noun-8LOVuiAI Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English pluralia tantum Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 1 1 30 35 33 Disambiguation of English pluralia tantum: 2 3 40 28 26
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈkɪndə/ [UK], /ˈkɪndɚ/ [US] Forms: kinders [plural]
enPR: kĭndʹə [US], kĭndʹər [US] Etymology: From German Kinder (“children”), sometimes via Yiddish קינדער (kinder, “children”). Etymology templates: {{der|en|de|Kinder|gloss=children}} German Kinder (“children”), {{der|en|yi|קינדער|gloss=children}} Yiddish קינדער (kinder, “children”) Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} kinder (countable and uncountable, plural kinders)
  1. (Philippines, countable, uncountable) Short for kindergarten. Tags: Philippines, abbreviation, alt-of, countable, uncountable Alternative form of: kindergarten
    Sense id: en-kinder-en-noun-grV8dIsG Categories (other): Philippine English, English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 1 1 30 35 33
  2. (informal, countable) Short for kindergartener. Tags: abbreviation, alt-of, countable, informal Alternative form of: kindergartener
    Sense id: en-kinder-en-noun-BTWX94IS Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 1 1 30 35 33
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: kinder one, kinder two
Etymology number: 3

Noun [Proto-Finnic]

Etymology: Cognate with Proto-Samic *këntër. From the same root as *kinttu. Etymology templates: {{cog|smi-pro|*këntër}} Proto-Samic *këntër, {{m|urj-fin-pro|*kinttu}} *kinttu Inflection templates: {{urj-fin-decl|kinter}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], kinder [nominative, singular], kinteret [nominative, plural], kinteren [accusative, singular], kinteret [accusative, plural], kinteren [genitive, singular], kinderden [genitive, plural], kinteriden [genitive, plural], kindertä [partitive, singular], kinteritä [partitive, plural], kinteressä [inessive, singular], kinterehnä [inessive, singular], kinterissä [inessive, plural], kinterihnä [inessive, plural], kinterestä [elative, singular], kinteristä [elative, plural], kinteresen [illative, singular], kinterisen [illative, plural], kinterellä [adessive, singular], kinterillä [adessive, plural], kintereltä [ablative, singular], kinteriltä [ablative, plural], kinterelen [allative, singular], kinterelek [allative, singular], kinterilen [allative, plural], kinterilek [allative, plural], kindernä [essive, singular], kinterinä [essive, plural], kintereksi [singular, translative], kinteriksi [plural, translative], kinteren [instructive, singular], kinterin [instructive, plural], kindernek [comitative, singular], kinterinek [comitative, plural], kinterettä [abessive, singular], kinterittä [abessive, plural]
  1. hock, ham Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-kinder-urj-fin-pro-noun-jH9FApiJ Categories (other): Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Finnic nominals by type/Vle, Vne, Vre, Vse

Noun [Swedish]

Head templates: {{head|sv|noun form}} kinder
  1. indefinite plural of kind Tags: form-of, indefinite, plural Form of: kind
    Sense id: en-kinder-sv-noun-xCKBRLDR Categories (other): Swedish entries with incorrect language header

Noun [Tatar]

Head templates: {{head|tt|noun|||||f1sc=|f2sc=|head=|sc=Latn|sort=}} kinder, {{tt-pos|noun|l}} kinder
  1. cannabis Categories (topical): Recreational drugs

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for kinder meaning in All languages combined (14.2kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "kind",
        "3": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "kind + -er",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "kind + -er",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "comparative adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "kinder",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "My aunt has been kinder to me since my father died.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2021 February 10, Nigel Harris, “We risk destroying value”, in RAIL, number 924, page 3",
          "text": "Electric trains have much lower operating costs and are kinder to the track.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "more kind",
          "word": "kind"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "comparative form of kind: more kind"
      ],
      "id": "en-kinder-en-adj-po5EoP18",
      "links": [
        [
          "kind",
          "kind#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "form-of"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkaɪndə/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkaɪndɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪndə(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-kinder.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ee/En-us-kinder.ogg/En-us-kinder.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/En-us-kinder.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kīndʹə"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kīndʹər"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kinder"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "kinder (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "kinda"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1882, James Jackson, Tom Terror, the Outlaw",
          "text": "I told ’im to give you the strings last night, but I’m kinder glad thet Rosebud interfered an’ saved yer life.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1934, Agatha Christie, chapter 9, in Murder on the Orient Express, London: HarperCollins, published 2017",
          "text": "'No, he was kinder reticent about that part of it.'",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of kinda"
      ],
      "id": "en-kinder-en-adv-etzVkSgk",
      "links": [
        [
          "kinda",
          "kinda#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kinder"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "Kinder",
        "gloss": "children"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kinder (“children”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "yi",
        "3": "קינדער",
        "gloss": "children"
      },
      "expansion": "Yiddish קינדער (kinder, “children”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From German Kinder (“children”), sometimes via Yiddish קינדער (kinder, “children”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "p"
      },
      "expansion": "kinder pl (plural only)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 1 30 35 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 3 40 28 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English pluralia tantum",
          "parents": [
            "Pluralia tantum",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2008 December 31, Al Scaduto, They'll Do It Every Time (newspaper comic)",
          "text": "But - let wifey leave him with the kinder while out shopping..."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2010, Beth Rubin, Frommer's Washington D.C. with Kids, John Wiley & Sons",
          "text": "Of special interest to the kinder are The Children's Place, Baby Gap, Gap Kids and Gap, Gymboree, The Limited, America!, and the Sweet Factory.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012, Charlotte Druckman, Skirt Steak: Women Chefs on Standing the Heat and Staying in the Kitchen, Chronicle Books, page 192",
          "text": "Do note, as Goin mentions, this is a policy better implemented when the kinder are well past infancy.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Children."
      ],
      "id": "en-kinder-en-noun-8LOVuiAI",
      "links": [
        [
          "humorous",
          "humorous"
        ],
        [
          "Children",
          "children"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "chiefly humorous or in German or Yiddish contexts",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly humorous or in German or Yiddish contexts) Children."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "plural-only"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɪndə/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɪndɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kĭndʹə",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kĭndʹər",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kinder"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "kinder one"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "kinder two"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "Kinder",
        "gloss": "children"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kinder (“children”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "yi",
        "3": "קינדער",
        "gloss": "children"
      },
      "expansion": "Yiddish קינדער (kinder, “children”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From German Kinder (“children”), sometimes via Yiddish קינדער (kinder, “children”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kinders",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "kinder (countable and uncountable, plural kinders)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "kindergarten"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Philippine English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 1 30 35 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Short for kindergarten."
      ],
      "id": "en-kinder-en-noun-grV8dIsG",
      "links": [
        [
          "kindergarten",
          "kindergarten#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Philippines, countable, uncountable) Short for kindergarten."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Philippines",
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "kindergartener"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 1 30 35 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Short for kindergartener."
      ],
      "id": "en-kinder-en-noun-BTWX94IS",
      "links": [
        [
          "kindergartener",
          "kindergartener#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(informal, countable) Short for kindergartener."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of",
        "countable",
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɪndə/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɪndɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kĭndʹə",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kĭndʹər",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kinder"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "noun form",
        "g": "c"
      },
      "expansion": "kinder c",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Danish",
  "lang_code": "da",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "kind"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "indefinite plural of kind"
      ],
      "id": "en-kinder-da-noun-xCKBRLDR",
      "links": [
        [
          "kind",
          "kind#Danish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "common-gender",
        "form-of",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kinder"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "noun form"
      },
      "expansion": "kinder",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Swedish",
  "lang_code": "sv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "kind"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "indefinite plural of kind"
      ],
      "id": "en-kinder-sv-noun-xCKBRLDR",
      "links": [
        [
          "kind",
          "kind#Swedish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kinder"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tt",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "f1sc": "",
        "f2sc": "",
        "head": "",
        "sc": "Latn",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "kinder",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun",
        "2": "l"
      },
      "expansion": "kinder",
      "name": "tt-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Tatar",
  "lang_code": "tt",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tatar entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tatar entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tatar terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tatar terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "tt",
          "name": "Recreational drugs",
          "orig": "tt:Recreational drugs",
          "parents": [
            "Drugs",
            "Matter",
            "Pharmacology",
            "Chemistry",
            "Nature",
            "Biochemistry",
            "Medicine",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Biology",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cannabis"
      ],
      "id": "en-kinder-tt-noun-3E1Tule7",
      "links": [
        [
          "cannabis",
          "cannabis"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kinder"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "et",
            "2": "kinner"
          },
          "expansion": "Estonian: kinner",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Estonian: kinner"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "kinner"
          },
          "expansion": "Finnish: kinner",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Finnish: kinner"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krl",
            "2": "kinner"
          },
          "expansion": "Karelian: kinner",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karelian: kinner"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "olo",
            "2": "kinner"
          },
          "expansion": "Livvi: kinner",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Livvi: kinner"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lud",
            "alt": "kinder-"
          },
          "expansion": "Ludian: kinder-",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lud",
            "2": "kinderkouk"
          },
          "expansion": "kinderkouk",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "in compound: kinderkouk"
          },
          "expansion": "(in compound: kinderkouk)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ludian: kinder- (in compound: kinderkouk)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vep",
            "2": "kindred",
            "g": "p"
          },
          "expansion": "Veps: kindred pl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Veps: kindred pl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vro",
            "2": "kinner'"
          },
          "expansion": "Võro: kinner'",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Võro: kinner'"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vot",
            "2": "tšinner",
            "q1": "Kattila"
          },
          "expansion": "Votic: (Kattila) tšinner",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Votic: (Kattila) tšinner"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "smi-pro",
        "2": "*këntër"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Samic *këntër",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "*kinttu"
      },
      "expansion": "*kinttu",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Cognate with Proto-Samic *këntër. From the same root as *kinttu.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "urj-fin-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinder",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinteret",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinteren",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinteret",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinteren",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinderden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinteriden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kindertä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinteritä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinteressä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterehnä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterissä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterihnä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterestä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinteristä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinteresen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterisen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterellä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterillä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kintereltä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinteriltä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterelen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterelek",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterilen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterilek",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kindernä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterinä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kintereksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinteriksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinteren",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kindernek",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterinek",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterettä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterittä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kinter"
      },
      "name": "urj-fin-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kinder",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/Vle, Vne, Vre, Vse",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hock, ham"
      ],
      "id": "en-kinder-urj-fin-pro-noun-jH9FApiJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "hock",
          "hock"
        ],
        [
          "ham",
          "ham"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kinder"
}
{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "noun form",
        "g": "c"
      },
      "expansion": "kinder c",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Danish",
  "lang_code": "da",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Danish non-lemma forms",
        "Danish noun forms"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "kind"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "indefinite plural of kind"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "kind",
          "kind#Danish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "common-gender",
        "form-of",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kinder"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English comparative adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English non-lemma forms",
    "English nouns",
    "English pluralia tantum",
    "English terms derived from German",
    "English terms derived from Yiddish",
    "English terms suffixed with -er",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪndə(ɹ)",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪndə(ɹ)/2 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "kind",
        "3": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "kind + -er",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "kind + -er",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "comparative adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "kinder",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English comparative adjectives",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "My aunt has been kinder to me since my father died.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2021 February 10, Nigel Harris, “We risk destroying value”, in RAIL, number 924, page 3",
          "text": "Electric trains have much lower operating costs and are kinder to the track.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "more kind",
          "word": "kind"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "comparative form of kind: more kind"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "kind",
          "kind#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "form-of"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkaɪndə/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkaɪndɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪndə(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-kinder.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ee/En-us-kinder.ogg/En-us-kinder.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/En-us-kinder.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kīndʹə"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kīndʹər"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kinder"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adverbs",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English pluralia tantum",
    "English terms derived from German",
    "English terms derived from Yiddish",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English uncomparable adverbs",
    "English uncountable nouns"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "kinder (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "kinda"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1882, James Jackson, Tom Terror, the Outlaw",
          "text": "I told ’im to give you the strings last night, but I’m kinder glad thet Rosebud interfered an’ saved yer life.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1934, Agatha Christie, chapter 9, in Murder on the Orient Express, London: HarperCollins, published 2017",
          "text": "'No, he was kinder reticent about that part of it.'",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of kinda"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "kinda",
          "kinda#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kinder"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English pluralia tantum",
    "English terms derived from German",
    "English terms derived from Yiddish",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English uncountable nouns"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "Kinder",
        "gloss": "children"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kinder (“children”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "yi",
        "3": "קינדער",
        "gloss": "children"
      },
      "expansion": "Yiddish קינדער (kinder, “children”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From German Kinder (“children”), sometimes via Yiddish קינדער (kinder, “children”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "p"
      },
      "expansion": "kinder pl (plural only)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English humorous terms",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2008 December 31, Al Scaduto, They'll Do It Every Time (newspaper comic)",
          "text": "But - let wifey leave him with the kinder while out shopping..."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2010, Beth Rubin, Frommer's Washington D.C. with Kids, John Wiley & Sons",
          "text": "Of special interest to the kinder are The Children's Place, Baby Gap, Gap Kids and Gap, Gymboree, The Limited, America!, and the Sweet Factory.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012, Charlotte Druckman, Skirt Steak: Women Chefs on Standing the Heat and Staying in the Kitchen, Chronicle Books, page 192",
          "text": "Do note, as Goin mentions, this is a policy better implemented when the kinder are well past infancy.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Children."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "humorous",
          "humorous"
        ],
        [
          "Children",
          "children"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "chiefly humorous or in German or Yiddish contexts",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly humorous or in German or Yiddish contexts) Children."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "plural-only"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɪndə/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɪndɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kĭndʹə",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kĭndʹər",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kinder"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English pluralia tantum",
    "English terms derived from German",
    "English terms derived from Yiddish",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English uncountable nouns"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "kinder one"
    },
    {
      "word": "kinder two"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "Kinder",
        "gloss": "children"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kinder (“children”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "yi",
        "3": "קינדער",
        "gloss": "children"
      },
      "expansion": "Yiddish קינדער (kinder, “children”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From German Kinder (“children”), sometimes via Yiddish קינדער (kinder, “children”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kinders",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "kinder (countable and uncountable, plural kinders)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "kindergarten"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English short forms",
        "English uncountable nouns",
        "Philippine English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Short for kindergarten."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "kindergarten",
          "kindergarten#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Philippines, countable, uncountable) Short for kindergarten."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Philippines",
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "kindergartener"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English informal terms",
        "English short forms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Short for kindergartener."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "kindergartener",
          "kindergartener#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(informal, countable) Short for kindergartener."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of",
        "countable",
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɪndə/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɪndɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kĭndʹə",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "kĭndʹər",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kinder"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "et",
            "2": "kinner"
          },
          "expansion": "Estonian: kinner",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Estonian: kinner"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "kinner"
          },
          "expansion": "Finnish: kinner",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Finnish: kinner"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krl",
            "2": "kinner"
          },
          "expansion": "Karelian: kinner",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karelian: kinner"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "olo",
            "2": "kinner"
          },
          "expansion": "Livvi: kinner",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Livvi: kinner"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lud",
            "alt": "kinder-"
          },
          "expansion": "Ludian: kinder-",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lud",
            "2": "kinderkouk"
          },
          "expansion": "kinderkouk",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "in compound: kinderkouk"
          },
          "expansion": "(in compound: kinderkouk)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ludian: kinder- (in compound: kinderkouk)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vep",
            "2": "kindred",
            "g": "p"
          },
          "expansion": "Veps: kindred pl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Veps: kindred pl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vro",
            "2": "kinner'"
          },
          "expansion": "Võro: kinner'",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Võro: kinner'"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vot",
            "2": "tšinner",
            "q1": "Kattila"
          },
          "expansion": "Votic: (Kattila) tšinner",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Votic: (Kattila) tšinner"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "smi-pro",
        "2": "*këntër"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Samic *këntër",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "*kinttu"
      },
      "expansion": "*kinttu",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Cognate with Proto-Samic *këntër. From the same root as *kinttu.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "urj-fin-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinder",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinteret",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinteren",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinteret",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinteren",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinderden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinteriden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kindertä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinteritä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinteressä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterehnä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterissä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterihnä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterestä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinteristä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinteresen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterisen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterellä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterillä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kintereltä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinteriltä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterelen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterelek",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterilen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterilek",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kindernä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterinä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kintereksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinteriksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinteren",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kindernek",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterinek",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterettä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kinterittä",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kinter"
      },
      "name": "urj-fin-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kinder",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Finnic lemmas",
        "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/Vle, Vne, Vre, Vse",
        "Proto-Finnic nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hock, ham"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hock",
          "hock"
        ],
        [
          "ham",
          "ham"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kinder"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "noun form"
      },
      "expansion": "kinder",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Swedish",
  "lang_code": "sv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Swedish non-lemma forms",
        "Swedish noun forms"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "kind"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "indefinite plural of kind"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "kind",
          "kind#Swedish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kinder"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tt",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "f1sc": "",
        "f2sc": "",
        "head": "",
        "sc": "Latn",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "kinder",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun",
        "2": "l"
      },
      "expansion": "kinder",
      "name": "tt-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Tatar",
  "lang_code": "tt",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Tatar entries with incorrect language header",
        "Tatar entries with topic categories using raw markup",
        "Tatar lemmas",
        "Tatar nouns",
        "Tatar terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Tatar terms with redundant script codes",
        "tt:Recreational drugs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cannabis"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cannabis",
          "cannabis"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kinder"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.