See katorga on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for katorga meaning in All languages combined (9.2kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ка́торга",
"4": "",
"5": "penal servitude"
},
"expansion": "Russian ка́торга (kátorga, “penal servitude”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian ка́торга (kátorga, “penal servitude”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "katorgas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "katorga (countable and uncountable, plural katorgas)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1912, Alexander Berkman, Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist",
"text": "Sentenced to ten years of hard labor in the Siberian mines, he defied the Russian tyrant by his funeral oration at the grave of Dmokhovsky, his boldness resulting in an additional fifteen years of katorga.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1991, Alan Wood, The History of Siberia: from Russian conquest to revolution",
"text": "However, brutal floggings, increased terms of katorga, starvation diets, permanent chaining to a wheelbarrow and other fearsome sanctions failed to staunch the flow.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Edward Crankshaw, Cracks in the Kremlin Wall",
"text": "Under the Bolsheviks there was going to be an end to the katorga.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp."
],
"id": "en-katorga-en-noun-opQrq7go",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "64 36",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kátarha",
"sense": "penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́тарга"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 36",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kátorga",
"sense": "penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́торга"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 36",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "katorga"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 36",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "katorga"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 36",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kátorga",
"sense": "penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́торга"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 36",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kátorha",
"sense": "penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́торга"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 36",
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "qaatırga",
"sense": "penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp",
"word": "хаатырга"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Tsarist or Soviet labour camp."
],
"id": "en-katorga-en-noun-O1bi-Ckt",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "29 71",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a Tsarist or Soviet labour camp",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "katorga"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 71",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kátorga",
"sense": "a Tsarist or Soviet labour camp",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́торга"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 71",
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "qaatırga",
"sense": "a Tsarist or Soviet labour camp",
"word": "хаатырга"
}
]
}
],
"word": "katorga"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "katorżny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "katorżnik"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ка́торга",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Russian ка́торга (kátorga)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ка́торга"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian ка́торга (kátorga)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "κάτεργον",
"4": "",
"5": "galley; penal labor"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek κάτεργον (kátergon, “galley; penal labor”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κάτεργος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κάτεργος (kátergos)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian ка́торга (kátorga), from Byzantine Greek κάτεργον (kátergon, “galley; penal labor”), from Ancient Greek κάτεργος (kátergos).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "katorga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "katorgi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "katorgi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "katorg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "katordze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "katorgom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "katorgę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "katorgi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "katorgą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "katorgami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "katordze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "katorgach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "katorgo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "katorgi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "katorga f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ka‧tor‧ga"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "katorżniczy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Soviet Union",
"orig": "pl:Soviet Union",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"katorga (penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp)"
],
"id": "en-katorga-pl-noun-9miEGIry",
"links": [
[
"Soviet Union",
"Soviet Union"
],
[
"katorga",
"katorga#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "Soviet Union",
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, Soviet Union) katorga (penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"historical"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"chore"
],
"id": "en-katorga-pl-noun-h4BkNLGw",
"links": [
[
"chore",
"chore"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaˈtɔr.ɡa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔrɡa"
}
],
"word": "katorga"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "katorgas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "katorga f (plural katorgas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"katorga (penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp)"
],
"id": "en-katorga-pt-noun-9miEGIry",
"links": [
[
"katorga",
"katorga#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) katorga (penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 99",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pt",
"name": "Russia",
"orig": "pt:Russia",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pt",
"name": "Soviet Union",
"orig": "pt:Soviet Union",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"katorga (a Tsarist or Soviet labour camp)"
],
"id": "en-katorga-pt-noun-n0cYhFJU",
"links": [
[
"katorga",
"katorga#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) katorga (a Tsarist or Soviet labour camp)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"historical"
]
}
],
"word": "katorga"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English uncountable nouns",
"pt:Russia",
"pt:Soviet Union"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ка́торга",
"4": "",
"5": "penal servitude"
},
"expansion": "Russian ка́торга (kátorga, “penal servitude”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian ка́торга (kátorga, “penal servitude”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "katorgas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "katorga (countable and uncountable, plural katorgas)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1912, Alexander Berkman, Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist",
"text": "Sentenced to ten years of hard labor in the Siberian mines, he defied the Russian tyrant by his funeral oration at the grave of Dmokhovsky, his boldness resulting in an additional fifteen years of katorga.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1991, Alan Wood, The History of Siberia: from Russian conquest to revolution",
"text": "However, brutal floggings, increased terms of katorga, starvation diets, permanent chaining to a wheelbarrow and other fearsome sanctions failed to staunch the flow.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Edward Crankshaw, Cracks in the Kremlin Wall",
"text": "Under the Bolsheviks there was going to be an end to the katorga.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A Tsarist or Soviet labour camp."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kátarha",
"sense": "penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́тарга"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kátorga",
"sense": "penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́торга"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "katorga"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "katorga"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kátorga",
"sense": "penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́торга"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kátorha",
"sense": "penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́торга"
},
{
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "qaatırga",
"sense": "penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp",
"word": "хаатырга"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a Tsarist or Soviet labour camp",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "katorga"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kátorga",
"sense": "a Tsarist or Soviet labour camp",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́торга"
},
{
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "qaatırga",
"sense": "a Tsarist or Soviet labour camp",
"word": "хаатырга"
}
],
"word": "katorga"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from Russian",
"Polish terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Polish terms derived from Byzantine Greek",
"Polish terms derived from Russian",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔrɡa",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔrɡa/3 syllables",
"pt:Russia",
"pt:Soviet Union"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "katorżny"
},
{
"word": "katorżnik"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ка́торга",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Russian ка́торга (kátorga)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ка́торга"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian ка́торга (kátorga)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "κάτεργον",
"4": "",
"5": "galley; penal labor"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek κάτεργον (kátergon, “galley; penal labor”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κάτεργος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κάτεργος (kátergos)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian ка́торга (kátorga), from Byzantine Greek κάτεργον (kátergon, “galley; penal labor”), from Ancient Greek κάτεργος (kátergos).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "katorga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "katorgi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "katorgi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "katorg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "katordze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "katorgom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "katorgę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "katorgi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "katorgą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "katorgami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "katordze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "katorgach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "katorgo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "katorgi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "katorga f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ka‧tor‧ga"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "katorżniczy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with historical senses",
"pl:Soviet Union"
],
"glosses": [
"katorga (penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp)"
],
"links": [
[
"Soviet Union",
"Soviet Union"
],
[
"katorga",
"katorga#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "Soviet Union",
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, Soviet Union) katorga (penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"historical"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"chore"
],
"links": [
[
"chore",
"chore"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaˈtɔr.ɡa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔrɡa"
}
],
"word": "katorga"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine nouns",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms spelled with K",
"pt:Russia",
"pt:Soviet Union"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "katorgas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "katorga f (plural katorgas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"katorga (penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp)"
],
"links": [
[
"katorga",
"katorga#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) katorga (penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"katorga (a Tsarist or Soviet labour camp)"
],
"links": [
[
"katorga",
"katorga#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) katorga (a Tsarist or Soviet labour camp)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"historical"
]
}
],
"word": "katorga"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.