"kalnas" meaning in All languages combined

See kalnas on Wiktionary

Noun [Lithuanian]

IPA: [kâl.nɐs]
Etymology: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kalˀnas (compare Latvian kal̂ns, possibly Polish czółno (“dugout”) < *čьlno), ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *kelH- (“lift”), see Lithuanian kélti (“raise, lift”), kìlti (“rise, originate”), Polish czoło (“forehead, front”). Cognate with English hill < *kl̥H-nís; Icelandic hallr (“rock”) < *kólH-nus; Latin collis (“hill”) < *kolH-nis; Ancient Greek κολώνη (kolṓnē), κολωνός (kolōnós, “hill”). Etymology templates: {{der|lt|ine-bsl-pro|*kalˀnas}} Proto-Balto-Slavic *kalˀnas, {{cog|lv|kal̂ns}} Latvian kal̂ns, {{cog|pl|czółno||dugout}} Polish czółno (“dugout”), {{der|lt|ine-pro|-}} Proto-Indo-European, {{m|ine-pro|*kelH-||lift}} *kelH- (“lift”), {{cog|lt|kélti||raise, lift}} Lithuanian kélti (“raise, lift”), {{m|lt|kìlti||rise, originate}} kìlti (“rise, originate”), {{cog|pl|czoło||forehead, front}} Polish czoło (“forehead, front”), {{cog|en|hill}} English hill, {{cog|is|hallr||rock}} Icelandic hallr (“rock”), {{cog|la|collis||hill}} Latin collis (“hill”), {{cog|grc|κολώνη}} Ancient Greek κολώνη (kolṓnē), {{m|grc|κολωνός||hill}} κολωνός (kolōnós, “hill”) Head templates: {{head|lt|nouns|||plural|kalnaĩ||{{{f}}}||{{{m}}}|g=m|g2=|head=kálnas}} kálnas m (plural kalnaĩ), {{lt-noun|m|kalnai|3|pl=kalnaĩ|sg=kálnas}} kálnas m (plural kalnaĩ) stress pattern 3 Inflection templates: {{lt-decl-noun|kálnas|kalnaĩ|kálno|kalnų̃|kálnui|kalnáms|kálną|kálnus|kálnu|kalnaĩs|kalnè|kalnuosè|kálne|kalnaĩ}} Forms: kálnas [canonical, masculine, stress-pattern-3], kalnaĩ [plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], kálnas [nominative, singular], kalnaĩ [nominative, plural], kálno [genitive, singular], kalnų̃ [genitive, plural], kálnui [dative, singular], kalnáms [dative, plural], kálną [accusative, singular], kálnus [accusative, plural], kálnu [instrumental, singular], kalnaĩs [instrumental, plural], kalnè [locative, singular], kalnuosè [locative, plural], kálne [singular, vocative], kalnaĩ [plural, vocative]
  1. (geography) hill, mountain Categories (place): Landforms
    Sense id: en-kalnas-lt-noun-0bBTfiCP Categories (other): Lithuanian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Lithuanian entries with incorrect language header: 65 35 Topics: geography, natural-sciences
  2. heap, mountain (a large amount of something)
    Sense id: en-kalnas-lt-noun--q5ZefTa
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: kalva, kelti, kilti
Derived forms: kalnelis [diminutive, masculine, noun], kalnėnas [masculine], kalnėnė [feminine], kalnietis [masculine], kalnietė [feminine], kalnynas [masculine], kalnuotas adj, kalnagūbris [masculine], kalnakasys [masculine], kalnasargis [masculine], kalnodara [feminine], balnakalnis [masculine], ledkalnis [masculine], piliakalnis [masculine], ugnikalnis [masculine], viršukalnė [feminine]

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for kalnas meaning in All languages combined (6.2kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive",
        "masculine",
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "kalnelis"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kalnėnas"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "kalnėnė"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kalnietis"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "kalnietė"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kalnynas"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "kalnuotas adj"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kalnagūbris"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kalnakasys"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kalnasargis"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "kalnodara"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "balnakalnis"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ledkalnis"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "piliakalnis"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ugnikalnis"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "viršukalnė"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*kalˀnas"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kalˀnas",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "kal̂ns"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian kal̂ns",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "czółno",
        "3": "",
        "4": "dugout"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish czółno (“dugout”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kelH-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "lift"
      },
      "expansion": "*kelH- (“lift”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kélti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "raise, lift"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian kélti (“raise, lift”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kìlti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "rise, originate"
      },
      "expansion": "kìlti (“rise, originate”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "czoło",
        "3": "",
        "4": "forehead, front"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish czoło (“forehead, front”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hill"
      },
      "expansion": "English hill",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "hallr",
        "3": "",
        "4": "rock"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic hallr (“rock”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "collis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hill"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin collis (“hill”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κολώνη"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κολώνη (kolṓnē)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κολωνός",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hill"
      },
      "expansion": "κολωνός (kolōnós, “hill”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kalˀnas (compare Latvian kal̂ns, possibly Polish czółno (“dugout”) < *čьlno), ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *kelH- (“lift”), see Lithuanian kélti (“raise, lift”), kìlti (“rise, originate”), Polish czoło (“forehead, front”). Cognate with English hill < *kl̥H-nís; Icelandic hallr (“rock”) < *kólH-nus; Latin collis (“hill”) < *kolH-nis; Ancient Greek κολώνη (kolṓnē), κολωνός (kolōnós, “hill”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kálnas",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine",
        "stress-pattern-3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalnaĩ",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lt-noun-m-as-3",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kálnas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalnaĩ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kálno",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalnų̃",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kálnui",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalnáms",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kálną",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kálnus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kálnu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalnaĩs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalnè",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalnuosè",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kálne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalnaĩ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "10": "{{{m}}}",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plural",
        "6": "kalnaĩ",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{f}}}",
        "9": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "kálnas"
      },
      "expansion": "kálnas m (plural kalnaĩ)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "kalnai",
        "3": "3",
        "pl": "kalnaĩ",
        "sg": "kálnas"
      },
      "expansion": "kálnas m (plural kalnaĩ) stress pattern 3",
      "name": "lt-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kálnas",
        "10": "kalnaĩs",
        "11": "kalnè",
        "12": "kalnuosè",
        "13": "kálne",
        "14": "kalnaĩ",
        "2": "kalnaĩ",
        "3": "kálno",
        "4": "kalnų̃",
        "5": "kálnui",
        "6": "kalnáms",
        "7": "kálną",
        "8": "kálnus",
        "9": "kálnu"
      },
      "name": "lt-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Lithuanian",
  "lang_code": "lt",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "kalva"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "kelti"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "kilti"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "lt",
          "name": "Landforms",
          "orig": "lt:Landforms",
          "parents": [
            "Earth",
            "Places",
            "Nature",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "65 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Lithuanian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hill, mountain"
      ],
      "id": "en-kalnas-lt-noun-0bBTfiCP",
      "links": [
        [
          "geography",
          "geography"
        ],
        [
          "hill",
          "hill"
        ],
        [
          "mountain",
          "mountain"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(geography) hill, mountain"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geography",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "heaps of books",
          "text": "knỹgų kalnaĩ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "heap, mountain (a large amount of something)"
      ],
      "id": "en-kalnas-lt-noun--q5ZefTa",
      "links": [
        [
          "heap",
          "heap"
        ],
        [
          "mountain",
          "mountain"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kâl.nɐs]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "lt:kalnas"
  ],
  "word": "kalnas"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Lithuanian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Lithuanian lemmas",
    "Lithuanian masculine nouns",
    "Lithuanian nouns",
    "Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Lithuanian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "diminutive",
        "masculine",
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "kalnelis"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kalnėnas"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "kalnėnė"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kalnietis"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "kalnietė"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kalnynas"
    },
    {
      "word": "kalnuotas adj"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kalnagūbris"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kalnakasys"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kalnasargis"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "kalnodara"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "balnakalnis"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ledkalnis"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "piliakalnis"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ugnikalnis"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "viršukalnė"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*kalˀnas"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kalˀnas",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "kal̂ns"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian kal̂ns",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "czółno",
        "3": "",
        "4": "dugout"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish czółno (“dugout”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kelH-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "lift"
      },
      "expansion": "*kelH- (“lift”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kélti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "raise, lift"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian kélti (“raise, lift”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kìlti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "rise, originate"
      },
      "expansion": "kìlti (“rise, originate”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "czoło",
        "3": "",
        "4": "forehead, front"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish czoło (“forehead, front”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hill"
      },
      "expansion": "English hill",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "hallr",
        "3": "",
        "4": "rock"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic hallr (“rock”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "collis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hill"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin collis (“hill”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κολώνη"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κολώνη (kolṓnē)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κολωνός",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hill"
      },
      "expansion": "κολωνός (kolōnós, “hill”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kalˀnas (compare Latvian kal̂ns, possibly Polish czółno (“dugout”) < *čьlno), ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *kelH- (“lift”), see Lithuanian kélti (“raise, lift”), kìlti (“rise, originate”), Polish czoło (“forehead, front”). Cognate with English hill < *kl̥H-nís; Icelandic hallr (“rock”) < *kólH-nus; Latin collis (“hill”) < *kolH-nis; Ancient Greek κολώνη (kolṓnē), κολωνός (kolōnós, “hill”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kálnas",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine",
        "stress-pattern-3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalnaĩ",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lt-noun-m-as-3",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kálnas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalnaĩ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kálno",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalnų̃",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kálnui",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalnáms",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kálną",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kálnus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kálnu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalnaĩs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalnè",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalnuosè",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kálne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalnaĩ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "10": "{{{m}}}",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plural",
        "6": "kalnaĩ",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{f}}}",
        "9": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "kálnas"
      },
      "expansion": "kálnas m (plural kalnaĩ)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "kalnai",
        "3": "3",
        "pl": "kalnaĩ",
        "sg": "kálnas"
      },
      "expansion": "kálnas m (plural kalnaĩ) stress pattern 3",
      "name": "lt-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kálnas",
        "10": "kalnaĩs",
        "11": "kalnè",
        "12": "kalnuosè",
        "13": "kálne",
        "14": "kalnaĩ",
        "2": "kalnaĩ",
        "3": "kálno",
        "4": "kalnų̃",
        "5": "kálnui",
        "6": "kalnáms",
        "7": "kálną",
        "8": "kálnus",
        "9": "kálnu"
      },
      "name": "lt-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Lithuanian",
  "lang_code": "lt",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "kalva"
    },
    {
      "word": "kelti"
    },
    {
      "word": "kilti"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "lt:Landforms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hill, mountain"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "geography",
          "geography"
        ],
        [
          "hill",
          "hill"
        ],
        [
          "mountain",
          "mountain"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(geography) hill, mountain"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geography",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "heaps of books",
          "text": "knỹgų kalnaĩ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "heap, mountain (a large amount of something)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "heap",
          "heap"
        ],
        [
          "mountain",
          "mountain"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kâl.nɐs]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "lt:kalnas"
  ],
  "word": "kalnas"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.