See kales on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "kales",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kales"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kale"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of kale"
],
"id": "en-kales-en-noun-tVxf~qdL",
"links": [
[
"kale",
"kale#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/keɪls/"
}
],
"word": "kales"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kaletos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kaletos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "caled"
},
"expansion": "Welsh caled",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "kalet"
},
"expansion": "Breton kalet",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "calath"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish calath",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kal-",
"4": "",
"5": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "callum",
"3": "",
"4": "a hard substance"
},
"expansion": "Latin callum (“a hard substance”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *kaletos (compare Welsh caled, Breton kalet, Middle Irish calath, calad), from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”). See Latin callum (“a hard substance”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "kales",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"unmutated"
]
},
{
"form": "gales",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "hales",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "kales",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hard, tough (resistant to pressure)"
],
"id": "en-kales-kw-adj-vp0Z6r18",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hard, difficult (not easy)"
],
"id": "en-kales-kw-adj-D~BwSKwo",
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 5 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cornish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard-bitten"
],
"id": "en-kales-kw-adj-idU1JXYH",
"links": [
[
"hard-bitten",
"hard-bitten"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkalɛs/"
}
],
"word": "kales"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "kalès",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "noun form",
"head": "kalès"
},
"expansion": "kalès",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lithuanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "bitch",
"word": "kalė̃"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative plural of kalė̃ (“bitch”)"
],
"id": "en-kales-lt-noun-54UfSKam",
"links": [
[
"kalė̃",
"kalė#Lithuanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "kales"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "kales",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kale"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of kale"
],
"id": "en-kales-es-noun-tVxf~qdL",
"links": [
[
"kale",
"kale#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "kales"
}
{
"categories": [
"Cornish adjectives",
"Cornish entries with incorrect language header",
"Cornish lemmas",
"Cornish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Cornish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Cornish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kaletos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kaletos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "caled"
},
"expansion": "Welsh caled",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "kalet"
},
"expansion": "Breton kalet",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "calath"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish calath",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kal-",
"4": "",
"5": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "callum",
"3": "",
"4": "a hard substance"
},
"expansion": "Latin callum (“a hard substance”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *kaletos (compare Welsh caled, Breton kalet, Middle Irish calath, calad), from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”). See Latin callum (“a hard substance”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "kales",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"unmutated"
]
},
{
"form": "gales",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "hales",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "kales",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hard, tough (resistant to pressure)"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hard, difficult (not easy)"
],
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hard-bitten"
],
"links": [
[
"hard-bitten",
"hard-bitten"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkalɛs/"
}
],
"word": "kales"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "kales",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kales"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English noun forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kale"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of kale"
],
"links": [
[
"kale",
"kale#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/keɪls/"
}
],
"word": "kales"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "kalès",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "noun form",
"head": "kalès"
},
"expansion": "kalès",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lithuanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Lithuanian non-lemma forms",
"Lithuanian noun forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Lithuanian entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "bitch",
"word": "kalė̃"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative plural of kalė̃ (“bitch”)"
],
"links": [
[
"kalė̃",
"kalė#Lithuanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "kales"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "kales",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish noun forms",
"Spanish terms spelled with K"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kale"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of kale"
],
"links": [
[
"kale",
"kale#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "kales"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kales meaning in All languages combined (3.6kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: kales/Cornish 'aspirate' base_tags={'soft', 'unmutated'}",
"path": [
"kales"
],
"section": "Cornish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "kales",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: kales/Cornish 'hard' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'unmutated'}",
"path": [
"kales"
],
"section": "Cornish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "kales",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.