"kales" meaning in Cornish

See kales in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /kalɛs/
Etymology: From Proto-Celtic *kaletos (compare Welsh caled, Breton kalet, Middle Irish calath, calad), from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”). See Latin callum (“a hard substance”). Etymology templates: {{inh|kw|cel-pro|*kaletos}} Proto-Celtic *kaletos, {{cog|cy|caled}} Welsh caled, {{cog|br|kalet}} Breton kalet, {{cog|mga|calath}} Middle Irish calath, {{m|mga|calad}} calad, {{der|kw|ine-pro|*kal-||hard}} Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”), {{cog|la|callum||a hard substance}} Latin callum (“a hard substance”) Head templates: {{head|kw|adjective}} kales
  1. hard, tough (resistant to pressure)
    Sense id: en-kales-kw-adj-vp0Z6r18
  2. hard, difficult (not easy)
    Sense id: en-kales-kw-adj-D~BwSKwo
  3. hard-bitten
    Sense id: en-kales-kw-adj-idU1JXYH Categories (other): Cornish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Cornish entries with incorrect language header: 9 6 85

Download JSON data for kales meaning in Cornish (1.7kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kw",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*kaletos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kaletos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "caled"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh caled",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "br",
        "2": "kalet"
      },
      "expansion": "Breton kalet",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mga",
        "2": "calath"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Irish calath",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mga",
        "2": "calad"
      },
      "expansion": "calad",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kw",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kal-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "hard"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "callum",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a hard substance"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin callum (“a hard substance”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *kaletos (compare Welsh caled, Breton kalet, Middle Irish calath, calad), from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”). See Latin callum (“a hard substance”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kw",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "kales",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Cornish",
  "lang_code": "kw",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hard, tough (resistant to pressure)"
      ],
      "id": "en-kales-kw-adj-vp0Z6r18",
      "links": [
        [
          "hard",
          "hard"
        ],
        [
          "tough",
          "tough"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hard, difficult (not easy)"
      ],
      "id": "en-kales-kw-adj-D~BwSKwo",
      "links": [
        [
          "difficult",
          "difficult"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 6 85",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Cornish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hard-bitten"
      ],
      "id": "en-kales-kw-adj-idU1JXYH",
      "links": [
        [
          "hard-bitten",
          "hard-bitten"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kalɛs/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kales"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Cornish adjectives",
    "Cornish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Cornish lemmas",
    "Cornish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Cornish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Cornish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Cornish terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kw",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*kaletos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kaletos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "caled"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh caled",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "br",
        "2": "kalet"
      },
      "expansion": "Breton kalet",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mga",
        "2": "calath"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Irish calath",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mga",
        "2": "calad"
      },
      "expansion": "calad",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kw",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kal-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "hard"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "callum",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a hard substance"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin callum (“a hard substance”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *kaletos (compare Welsh caled, Breton kalet, Middle Irish calath, calad), from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”). See Latin callum (“a hard substance”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kw",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "kales",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Cornish",
  "lang_code": "kw",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hard, tough (resistant to pressure)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hard",
          "hard"
        ],
        [
          "tough",
          "tough"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hard, difficult (not easy)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "difficult",
          "difficult"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hard-bitten"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hard-bitten",
          "hard-bitten"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kalɛs/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kales"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Cornish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.