See kales in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kaletos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kaletos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "caled"
},
"expansion": "Welsh caled",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "kalet"
},
"expansion": "Breton kalet",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "calath"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish calath",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kal-",
"4": "",
"5": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "callum",
"3": "",
"4": "a hard substance"
},
"expansion": "Latin callum (“a hard substance”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *kaletos (compare Welsh caled, Breton kalet, Middle Irish calath, calad), from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”). See Latin callum (“a hard substance”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "kales",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"unmutated"
]
},
{
"form": "gales",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "hales",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "kales",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hard, tough (resistant to pressure)"
],
"id": "en-kales-kw-adj-vp0Z6r18",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hard, difficult (not easy)"
],
"id": "en-kales-kw-adj-D~BwSKwo",
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 5 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cornish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard-bitten"
],
"id": "en-kales-kw-adj-idU1JXYH",
"links": [
[
"hard-bitten",
"hard-bitten"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kalɛs/"
}
],
"word": "kales"
}
{
"categories": [
"Cornish adjectives",
"Cornish entries with incorrect language header",
"Cornish lemmas",
"Cornish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Cornish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Cornish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kaletos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kaletos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "caled"
},
"expansion": "Welsh caled",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "kalet"
},
"expansion": "Breton kalet",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "calath"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish calath",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kal-",
"4": "",
"5": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "callum",
"3": "",
"4": "a hard substance"
},
"expansion": "Latin callum (“a hard substance”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *kaletos (compare Welsh caled, Breton kalet, Middle Irish calath, calad), from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”). See Latin callum (“a hard substance”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "kales",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"unmutated"
]
},
{
"form": "gales",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "hales",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "kales",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hard, tough (resistant to pressure)"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hard, difficult (not easy)"
],
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hard-bitten"
],
"links": [
[
"hard-bitten",
"hard-bitten"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kalɛs/"
}
],
"word": "kales"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kales meaning in Cornish (1.9kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: kales/Cornish 'aspirate' base_tags={'unmutated', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"kales"
],
"section": "Cornish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "kales",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: kales/Cornish 'hard' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'unmutated', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"kales"
],
"section": "Cornish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "kales",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Cornish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.