See junco on Wiktionary
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"word": "blue snowbird"
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"ref": "1862 July, Daniel Wilson, “Science in Rupert’s Land”, in The Canadian Journal of Industry, Science, and Art, volume VII, number XL (New Series), Toronto, Ont.: […] Canadian Institute […], →OCLC, page 343:",
"text": "Among many others secured by him, I noticed the eggs and parent birds of the American Widgeon, the Black duck, Canvass-back duck, Spirit duck (Bucephala albeola); small Black-head duck (Fulix affinis); the Wax-wing, (Ampelis garrulus); the Kentucky warbler, the Trumpeter swan, the Duck hawk (Falco anatum), and two species of juncoes.",
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"ref": "1899 July 1, Henry B. Kaeding, “The Genus Junco in California”, in Bulletin of the Cooper Ornithological Club: A Bi-monthly Exponent of Californian Ornithology, volume I, number 5, Santa Clara, Calif.: Cooper Ornithological Club, published September–October 1899, →OCLC, page 81, column 1:",
"text": "The juncos of this region were separated by Mr. L. M. Loomis and carry very striking characters, the most conspicuous being the bright rufous or reddish dorsal patch which is much more pronounced than in either oregonus or thurberi. These juncos are very common in the vicinity of Monterey during summer and during the breeding season are the only ones found there, but as foon as the young are fledged the birds wander.",
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"ref": "1963, Herbert Friedmann, “Brown-headed Cowbird [Hosts of the Brown-headed Cowbird]”, in Host Relations of the Parasitic Cowbirds, Washington, D.C.: United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, →OCLC, page 161:",
"text": "The slate-coloured junco is an infrequently reported host; probably it is molested very slightly by the brown-headed cowbird. [...] Mills (1957, pp. 25–27) noted that E. C. Allen found a fledgling cowbird attended and fed by juncos near Halifax, Nova Scotia, on July 17, 1933.",
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"Any bird of the genus Junco, which includes several species of North American sparrow."
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"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "bird of the genus Junco",
"word": "junko"
},
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"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "bird of the genus Junco",
"word": "junkuloj"
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"code": "fi",
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"sense": "bird of the genus Junco",
"word": "junkot"
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"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "ga",
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"sense": "bird of the genus Junco",
"word": "luachairín"
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"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "bird of the genus Junco",
"word": "dilchʼóshii"
},
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"_dis1": "81 19",
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"sense": "bird of the genus Junco",
"word": "سازونشین"
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"ref": "[1658, Edward Phillips, compiler, “Junco”, in The New World of English Words: Or, A General Dictionary: […], London: […] E. Tyler, for Nath[aniel] Brook […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Junco, the Reed-Sparrow; a Bird.",
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"ref": "1819, Abraham Rees, “TURDUS”, in The Cyclopædia; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature. […], volume XXXVI, London: […] Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown, […] [et al.], →OCLC, column 1:",
"text": "Arundinaceus. Brown-ferruginous; beneath whitiſh-teſtaceous; with tail-feathers banded and reddiſh at the apex. The junco of Geſner [i.e., Conrad Gessner], Aldrovand [i.e., Ulisse Aldrovandi], [John] Ray, and [Francis] Willughby.",
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"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒʌŋkəʊ/",
"tags": [
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"text": "→ Italian: giunca, giunco, giuncho, ioncque (archaic), giunchi, zonchi (in the plural, archaic)\n→ French: jonque\n→ German: Junke, Juncke, Dschunke\n→ Latin: junkus, (New Latin) iunca, (New Latin) iuncus\n→ Dutch: ionco, iunco\n→ Italian: ioncque\n→ French: ionct\n→ Spanish: iuncque"
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{
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{
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
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],
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},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
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}
],
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{
"word": "junco de esteras"
},
{
"word": "junco de laguna"
},
{
"word": "junco espinoso"
},
{
"word": "junco palustre"
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{
"word": "junquillo"
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{
"word": "carrizo"
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{
"word": "caña"
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}
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{
"ipa": "[ˈxũŋ.ko]"
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{
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{
"form": "juncos",
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"plural"
]
},
{
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]
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{
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{
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{
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"junk (a Chinese ship)"
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[
"junk",
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"(nautical) junk (a Chinese ship)"
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"masculine"
],
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}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈxunko/"
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{
"ipa": "[ˈxũŋ.ko]"
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{
"rhymes": "-unko"
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}
{
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"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
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"en:New World sparrows",
"es:Plants"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dark-eyed junco"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Junco hyemalis hyemalis",
"2": "subspecies"
},
"expansion": "Junco hyemalis hyemalis",
"name": "taxlink"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "es",
"3": "junco",
"t": "reed, rush"
},
"expansion": "Spanish junco (“reed, rush”)",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
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},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "juncus"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of juncus",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
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{
"form": "juncos",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "juncoes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "juncoes"
},
"expansion": "junco (plural juncos or juncoes)",
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],
"hyphenation": [
"jun‧co"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "blue snowbird"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Junco hyemalis",
"word": "snowbird"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Junco hyemalis hyemalis",
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"word": "juncaceous"
},
{
"word": "juncous"
}
],
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{
"categories": [
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{
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327,
334
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],
"ref": "1862 July, Daniel Wilson, “Science in Rupert’s Land”, in The Canadian Journal of Industry, Science, and Art, volume VII, number XL (New Series), Toronto, Ont.: […] Canadian Institute […], →OCLC, page 343:",
"text": "Among many others secured by him, I noticed the eggs and parent birds of the American Widgeon, the Black duck, Canvass-back duck, Spirit duck (Bucephala albeola); small Black-head duck (Fulix affinis); the Wax-wing, (Ampelis garrulus); the Kentucky warbler, the Trumpeter swan, the Duck hawk (Falco anatum), and two species of juncoes.",
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},
{
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4,
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239,
245
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"ref": "1899 July 1, Henry B. Kaeding, “The Genus Junco in California”, in Bulletin of the Cooper Ornithological Club: A Bi-monthly Exponent of Californian Ornithology, volume I, number 5, Santa Clara, Calif.: Cooper Ornithological Club, published September–October 1899, →OCLC, page 81, column 1:",
"text": "The juncos of this region were separated by Mr. L. M. Loomis and carry very striking characters, the most conspicuous being the bright rufous or reddish dorsal patch which is much more pronounced than in either oregonus or thurberi. These juncos are very common in the vicinity of Monterey during summer and during the breeding season are the only ones found there, but as foon as the young are fledged the birds wander.",
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},
{
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24
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230
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225,
231
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"text": "The slate-coloured junco is an infrequently reported host; probably it is molested very slightly by the brown-headed cowbird. [...] Mills (1957, pp. 25–27) noted that E. C. Allen found a fledgling cowbird attended and fed by juncos near Halifax, Nova Scotia, on July 17, 1933.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any bird of the genus Junco, which includes several species of North American sparrow."
],
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[
"bird",
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[
"genus",
"genus"
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[
"Junco",
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[
"species",
"species"
],
[
"North American",
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],
[
"sparrow",
"sparrow"
]
]
},
{
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],
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{
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],
"ref": "[1658, Edward Phillips, compiler, “Junco”, in The New World of English Words: Or, A General Dictionary: […], London: […] E. Tyler, for Nath[aniel] Brook […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Junco, the Reed-Sparrow; a Bird.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
116,
121
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],
"ref": "1819, Abraham Rees, “TURDUS”, in The Cyclopædia; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature. […], volume XXXVI, London: […] Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown, […] [et al.], →OCLC, column 1:",
"text": "Arundinaceus. Brown-ferruginous; beneath whitiſh-teſtaceous; with tail-feathers banded and reddiſh at the apex. The junco of Geſner [i.e., Conrad Gessner], Aldrovand [i.e., Ulisse Aldrovandi], [John] Ray, and [Francis] Willughby.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The common reed bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus), a bird found in Europe and much of the Palearctic."
],
"links": [
[
"common",
"common#Adjective"
],
[
"reed bunting",
"reed bunting"
],
[
"Emberiza schoeniclus",
"Emberiza schoeniclus#Translingual"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe"
],
[
"Palearctic",
"Palearctic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The common reed bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus), a bird found in Europe and much of the Palearctic."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒʌŋkəʊ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-junco.wav",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒʌŋkoʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌŋkəʊ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "bird of the genus Junco",
"word": "junko"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "bird of the genus Junco",
"word": "junkuloj"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bird of the genus Junco",
"word": "junkot"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "bird of the genus Junco",
"word": "luachairín"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "bird of the genus Junco",
"word": "dilchʼóshii"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "bird of the genus Junco",
"word": "سازونشین"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "junko",
"sense": "bird of the genus Junco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "юнко"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bird of the genus Junco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "junco"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "bird of the genus Junco",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "junco"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "junko",
"sense": "bird of the genus Junco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "юнко"
}
],
"word": "junco"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"es:Plants"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "juncos",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Galician countable nouns",
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician lemmas",
"Galician masculine nouns",
"Galician nouns",
"Galician reintegrationist forms",
"Galician terms spelled with J",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"reintegrationist spelling of xunco"
],
"links": [
[
"xunco",
"xunco#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "junco"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"es:Plants"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "juncō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form",
"head": "juncō"
},
"expansion": "juncō",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Latin terms spelled with J",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "juncus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dative/ablative singular of juncus"
],
"links": [
[
"juncus",
"juncus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dative",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "junco"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine nouns",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from Arabic",
"Portuguese terms derived from Arabic",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Malay",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese undefined derivations",
"es:Plants"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "iuncus"
},
"expansion": "Latin iuncus",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin iuncus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "juncos",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "junco m (plural juncos)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"reed, rush"
],
"links": [
[
"reed",
"reed"
],
[
"rush",
"rush"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʒũ.ku/"
}
],
"word": "junco"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine nouns",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from Arabic",
"Portuguese terms derived from Arabic",
"Portuguese terms derived from Malay",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"es:Plants"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "junk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: junk",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "jonk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch jonk",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or via Dutch <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nl\">jonk</i>"
},
"expansion": "(or via Dutch jonk)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ English: junk (or via Dutch jonk)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "giunca",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: giunca, giunco, giuncho, ioncque (archaic), giunchi, zonchi (in the plural, archaic)\n→ French: jonque\n→ German: Junke, Juncke, Dschunke\n→ Latin: junkus, (New Latin) iunca, (New Latin) iuncus\n→ Dutch: ionco, iunco\n→ Italian: ioncque\n→ French: ionct\n→ Spanish: iuncque",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: giunca, giunco, giuncho, ioncque (archaic), giunchi, zonchi (in the plural, archaic)\n→ French: jonque\n→ German: Junke, Juncke, Dschunke\n→ Latin: junkus, (New Latin) iunca, (New Latin) iuncus\n→ Dutch: ionco, iunco\n→ Italian: ioncque\n→ French: ionct\n→ Spanish: iuncque"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "junco",
"3": "juanga",
"4": "joanga",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: junco, juanga, joanga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: junco, juanga, joanga"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "ar",
"3": "جنك",
"tr": "junk"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Arabic جنك (junk)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "ms",
"3": "جوڠ",
"tr": "jong"
},
"expansion": "Malay جوڠ (jong)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Arabic جنك (junk), from Malay جوڠ (jong).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "juncos",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "junquo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "jungo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "junco m (plural juncos)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"pt:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"junk (a Chinese ship)"
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"junk",
"junk#English:_vessel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) junk (a Chinese ship)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʒũ.ku/"
}
],
"word": "junco"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Spanish/unko",
"Rhymes:Spanish/unko/2 syllables",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish masculine nouns",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms borrowed from Portuguese",
"Spanish terms derived from Arabic",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms derived from Malay",
"Spanish terms derived from Portuguese",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish terms with audio pronunciation",
"es:Plants"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "junco de esteras"
},
{
"word": "junco de laguna"
},
{
"word": "junco espinoso"
},
{
"word": "junco palustre"
},
{
"word": "junquillo"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "junco",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: junco",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: junco"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "Junco",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Translingual: Junco",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Translingual: Junco"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "iuncus"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "junk"
},
"expansion": "English junk",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin iuncus. Cognate with English junk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "juncos",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "junco m (plural juncos)",
"name": "es-noun"
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],
"hyphenation": [
"jun‧co"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"glosses": [
"reed, rush"
],
"links": [
[
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"reed"
],
[
"rush",
"rush"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "junquera"
},
{
"word": "carrizo"
},
{
"word": "caña"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxunko/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈxũŋ.ko]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-unko"
}
],
"word": "junco"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Spanish/unko",
"Rhymes:Spanish/unko/2 syllables",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish masculine nouns",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms borrowed from Portuguese",
"Spanish terms derived from Arabic",
"Spanish terms derived from Malay",
"Spanish terms derived from Portuguese",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish terms with audio pronunciation",
"es:Plants"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "pt",
"3": "junco"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Portuguese junco",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "ar",
"3": "جنك",
"tr": "junk"
},
"expansion": "Arabic جنك (junk)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "ms",
"3": "jong",
"tr": "جوڠ"
},
"expansion": "Malay jong (جوڠ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Portuguese junco, from Arabic جنك (junk), from Malay jong (جوڠ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "juncos",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "juanga",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "joanga",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "iuncque",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "junco m (plural juncos)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"jun‧co"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"es:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"junk (a Chinese ship)"
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"junk",
"junk#English:_vessel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) junk (a Chinese ship)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxunko/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈxũŋ.ko]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-unko"
}
],
"word": "junco"
}
Download raw JSONL data for junco meaning in All languages combined (15.9kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: reintegrationist norm",
"path": [
"junco"
],
"section": "Galician",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "junco",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (4eaa824 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.