"jalouse" meaning in All languages combined

See jalouse on Wiktionary

Verb [English]

IPA: /d͡ʒəˈluːz/ Forms: jalouses [present, singular, third-person], jalousing [participle, present], jaloused [participle, past], jaloused [past]
Rhymes: -uːz Etymology: From Scots jalouse, from Old French jalouser. The sense "to be jealous of" came about as a misunderstanding by southern writers, from the similarity to jealousy. Etymology templates: {{der|en|sco|jalouse}} Scots jalouse, {{der|en|fro|jalouser}} Old French jalouser Head templates: {{en-verb}} jalouse (third-person singular simple present jalouses, present participle jalousing, simple past and past participle jaloused)
  1. (Scotland, transitive) To suspect. Tags: Scotland, transitive
    Sense id: en-jalouse-en-verb-H~QVTbUn Categories (other): Scottish English, English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 91 9 Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 41 5 1 42 12 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 40 3 1 48 8
  2. (transitive, archaic) To be jealous of. Tags: archaic, transitive
    Sense id: en-jalouse-en-verb-kwZeQQc1

Adjective [French]

IPA: /ʒa.luz/ Audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-jalouse.wav
Head templates: {{head|fr|adjective form}} jalouse
  1. feminine singular of jaloux Tags: feminine, form-of, singular Form of: jaloux
    Sense id: en-jalouse-fr-adj-apMcDqHb

Verb [French]

IPA: /ʒa.luz/ Audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-jalouse.wav
Head templates: {{head|fr|verb form}} jalouse
  1. inflection of jalouser:
    first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
    Tags: first-person, form-of, indicative, present, singular, subjunctive, third-person Form of: jalouser
    Sense id: en-jalouse-fr-verb-Ra-1nhFh Categories (other): Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, French entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 41 5 1 42 12 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 40 3 1 48 8 Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 2 68 30
  2. inflection of jalouser:
    second-person singular imperative
    Tags: form-of, imperative, second-person, singular Form of: jalouser
    Sense id: en-jalouse-fr-verb-KWTJsPBa Categories (other): Pages with 3 entries Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 41 5 1 42 12

Verb [Scots]

IPA: /d͡ʒəˈluːz/ Forms: jalouses [present, singular, third-person], jalousin [participle, present], jaloused [past], jaloused [participle, past]
Etymology: From Old French jalouser (“to be jealous of”). Etymology templates: {{der|sco|fro|jalouser||to be jealous of}} Old French jalouser (“to be jealous of”) Head templates: {{head|sco|verbs|third-person singular simple present|jalouses|present participle|jalousin|simple past|jaloused|past participle|jaloused|head=}} jalouse (third-person singular simple present jalouses, present participle jalousin, simple past jaloused, past participle jaloused), {{sco-verb|jalouses|jalousin|jaloused}} jalouse (third-person singular simple present jalouses, present participle jalousin, simple past jaloused, past participle jaloused)
  1. to guess, suspect, infer, be suspicious of, to have doubts or suspicions about, surmise
    Sense id: en-jalouse-sco-verb-l-AXahCp Categories (other): Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Scots entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "sco",
        "3": "jalouse"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots jalouse",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "jalouser"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French jalouser",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Scots jalouse, from Old French jalouser. The sense \"to be jealous of\" came about as a misunderstanding by southern writers, from the similarity to jealousy.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jalouses",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jalousing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jaloused",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jaloused",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "jalouse (third-person singular simple present jalouses, present participle jalousing, simple past and past participle jaloused)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Scottish English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "91 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 5 1 42 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "40 3 1 48 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:",
          "text": "Now the mention of the Skerburnfoot brought back to him only the thought of Ailie, and not of the witch wife, her mother. So he jaloused no ill, for at the best he was slow in the uptake.\n[…]\n'Ford!' cried John, in scorn. 'There'll be nae ford for you the nicht unless it was the ford o' the river Jordan. The burns are up and bigger than man ever saw them. It'll be a Beltane's E'en that a' folk will remember. They tell me that Gled valley is like a loch, and that there's an awesome heap o' folk drouned in the hills. Gin ye were ower the Mire, what about crossin' the Caulds and the Sker?' says he, for he jaloused he was going to Gledsmuir.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To suspect."
      ],
      "id": "en-jalouse-en-verb-H~QVTbUn",
      "links": [
        [
          "suspect",
          "suspect"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Scotland, transitive) To suspect."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Scotland",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1885, Sir Richard Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night, Night 18:",
          "text": "When my two sisters (these two bitches, O Commander of the Faithful!) saw me by the side of my young lover they jaloused me on his account and were wroth and plotted mischief against me.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To be jealous of."
      ],
      "id": "en-jalouse-en-verb-kwZeQQc1",
      "links": [
        [
          "jealous",
          "jealous"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, archaic) To be jealous of."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒəˈluːz/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uːz"
    }
  ],
  "word": "jalouse"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "jalouse",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "jaloux"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine singular of jaloux"
      ],
      "id": "en-jalouse-fr-adj-apMcDqHb",
      "links": [
        [
          "jaloux",
          "jaloux#French"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʒa.luz/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-jalouse.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-jalouse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-jalouse.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-jalouse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-jalouse.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "jalouse"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "jalouse",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "41 5 1 42 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "40 3 1 48 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 68 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "jalouser"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of jalouser:",
        "first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive"
      ],
      "id": "en-jalouse-fr-verb-Ra-1nhFh",
      "links": [
        [
          "jalouser",
          "jalouser#French"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "41 5 1 42 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "jalouser"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of jalouser:",
        "second-person singular imperative"
      ],
      "id": "en-jalouse-fr-verb-KWTJsPBa",
      "links": [
        [
          "jalouser",
          "jalouser#French"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʒa.luz/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-jalouse.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-jalouse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-jalouse.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-jalouse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-jalouse.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "jalouse"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "jalouser",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to be jealous of"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French jalouser (“to be jealous of”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French jalouser (“to be jealous of”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jalouses",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jalousin",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jaloused",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jaloused",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "10": "jaloused",
        "2": "verbs",
        "3": "third-person singular simple present",
        "4": "jalouses",
        "5": "present participle",
        "6": "jalousin",
        "7": "simple past",
        "8": "jaloused",
        "9": "past participle",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "jalouse (third-person singular simple present jalouses, present participle jalousin, simple past jaloused, past participle jaloused)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "jalouses",
        "2": "jalousin",
        "3": "jaloused"
      },
      "expansion": "jalouse (third-person singular simple present jalouses, present participle jalousin, simple past jaloused, past participle jaloused)",
      "name": "sco-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Scots",
  "lang_code": "sco",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to guess, suspect, infer, be suspicious of, to have doubts or suspicions about, surmise"
      ],
      "id": "en-jalouse-sco-verb-l-AXahCp",
      "links": [
        [
          "guess",
          "guess"
        ],
        [
          "suspect",
          "suspect"
        ],
        [
          "infer",
          "infer"
        ],
        [
          "suspicious",
          "suspicious"
        ],
        [
          "doubt",
          "doubt"
        ],
        [
          "suspicion",
          "suspicion"
        ],
        [
          "surmise",
          "surmise"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒəˈluːz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "jalouse"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Scots",
    "English verbs",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/uːz",
    "Rhymes:English/uːz/2 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "sco",
        "3": "jalouse"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots jalouse",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "jalouser"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French jalouser",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Scots jalouse, from Old French jalouser. The sense \"to be jealous of\" came about as a misunderstanding by southern writers, from the similarity to jealousy.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jalouses",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jalousing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jaloused",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jaloused",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "jalouse (third-person singular simple present jalouses, present participle jalousing, simple past and past participle jaloused)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned",
        "Scottish English"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:",
          "text": "Now the mention of the Skerburnfoot brought back to him only the thought of Ailie, and not of the witch wife, her mother. So he jaloused no ill, for at the best he was slow in the uptake.\n[…]\n'Ford!' cried John, in scorn. 'There'll be nae ford for you the nicht unless it was the ford o' the river Jordan. The burns are up and bigger than man ever saw them. It'll be a Beltane's E'en that a' folk will remember. They tell me that Gled valley is like a loch, and that there's an awesome heap o' folk drouned in the hills. Gin ye were ower the Mire, what about crossin' the Caulds and the Sker?' says he, for he jaloused he was going to Gledsmuir.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To suspect."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "suspect",
          "suspect"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Scotland, transitive) To suspect."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Scotland",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with archaic senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1885, Sir Richard Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night, Night 18:",
          "text": "When my two sisters (these two bitches, O Commander of the Faithful!) saw me by the side of my young lover they jaloused me on his account and were wroth and plotted mischief against me.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To be jealous of."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "jealous",
          "jealous"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, archaic) To be jealous of."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒəˈluːz/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uːz"
    }
  ],
  "word": "jalouse"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 2-syllable words",
    "French adjective forms",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French non-lemma forms",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French verb forms",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "jalouse",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "jaloux"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine singular of jaloux"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "jaloux",
          "jaloux#French"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʒa.luz/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-jalouse.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-jalouse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-jalouse.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-jalouse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-jalouse.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "jalouse"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 2-syllable words",
    "French adjective forms",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French non-lemma forms",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French verb forms",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "jalouse",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "jalouser"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of jalouser:",
        "first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "jalouser",
          "jalouser#French"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "jalouser"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of jalouser:",
        "second-person singular imperative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "jalouser",
          "jalouser#French"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʒa.luz/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-jalouse.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-jalouse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-jalouse.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-jalouse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-jalouse.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "jalouse"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "jalouser",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to be jealous of"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French jalouser (“to be jealous of”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French jalouser (“to be jealous of”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jalouses",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jalousin",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jaloused",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jaloused",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "10": "jaloused",
        "2": "verbs",
        "3": "third-person singular simple present",
        "4": "jalouses",
        "5": "present participle",
        "6": "jalousin",
        "7": "simple past",
        "8": "jaloused",
        "9": "past participle",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "jalouse (third-person singular simple present jalouses, present participle jalousin, simple past jaloused, past participle jaloused)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "jalouses",
        "2": "jalousin",
        "3": "jaloused"
      },
      "expansion": "jalouse (third-person singular simple present jalouses, present participle jalousin, simple past jaloused, past participle jaloused)",
      "name": "sco-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Scots",
  "lang_code": "sco",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
        "Scots lemmas",
        "Scots terms derived from Old French",
        "Scots verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to guess, suspect, infer, be suspicious of, to have doubts or suspicions about, surmise"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "guess",
          "guess"
        ],
        [
          "suspect",
          "suspect"
        ],
        [
          "infer",
          "infer"
        ],
        [
          "suspicious",
          "suspicious"
        ],
        [
          "doubt",
          "doubt"
        ],
        [
          "suspicion",
          "suspicion"
        ],
        [
          "surmise",
          "surmise"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒəˈluːz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "jalouse"
}

Download raw JSONL data for jalouse meaning in All languages combined (6.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (0c0c1f1 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.